2018年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（江蘇卷）英語及答案解析

1、2018年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（江蘇卷）英語第二部分：英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)：單項填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）請認真閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever答案是B。21. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived.A. w

2、here B. whenC. why D. how解析：考查名詞性從句。句意：乘船是到達這里唯一的途徑，這就是我們?nèi)绾蔚竭_的。分析which引導的非限定性定語從句可知，后面為表語從句。分析句意可知，這里用連接副詞how引導表語從句，充當方式狀語，表示“如何”。故選D。答案：D22. Kids shouldnt have access to violent films because they might _ the things they see.A. indicateB.

3、investigateC. imitate D. innovate解析：考查動詞詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：孩子不應(yīng)該接觸暴力電影，因為他們也許會模仿他們所見的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate調(diào)查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故選C。答案：C23. Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same 

4、;starting line.A. that B. whereC. which D. when解析：考查定語從句。句意：自動駕駛是一個中國和世界其它國家都在同一起跑線的領(lǐng)域。句中先行詞為area，在從句中作地點狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where，相當于in which。故選B。答案：B24. Its strange that he _ have taken the books without the owners permission.A. would B. shouldC. could D

5、. might解析：考查虛擬語氣。句意：真奇怪，他竟然沒有主人的允許就拿走了這些書。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that.”中，其中由that引導的主語從句通常用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，其中的should可以省略。故選B。答案：B25. Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _

6、 a clear road map and timetable.A. calls for B. calls onC. calls off D. calls up解析：考查動詞短語詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：發(fā)展長江經(jīng)濟帶是一項需要清晰的路線圖和時間表的系統(tǒng)工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on號召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故選A。答案：A26. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during t

7、he period, _ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.A. having exceeded B. to exceedC. exceeded D. exceeding解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：在這期間，大約創(chuàng)造13,500個新的工作，超過市場分析師持有的12,000的預期數(shù)量。分析全句可知，這里指前一件事情所帶來自然而然的結(jié)果，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。故選D。答案：D27. There is a good social life in the v

8、illage, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.A. had B. will haveC. would have had D. have had解析：考查虛擬語氣。句意：在這個村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有機會去更多的參與。本題考查wish引導的賓語從句，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望，所以從句用一般過去時。故選A。答案：A28. You know what? Ive got a New Year concert ticket

9、.Oh, _ Youre kidding.A. so what? B. go ahead.C. come on. D. what for?解析：考查交際用語。句意：你知道是什么嗎？我已經(jīng)得到一張新年音樂會的票了。哦，得了吧，你開玩笑的吧。A. so what?那又怎么樣？B. go ahead.去吧。C. come on.得了吧。D. what for?為什么？交際用語中come on表示“得了吧！算了吧！”，用來指責別人或表示不耐煩。故選C。答案：C29. _ you can sleep well, you

10、60;will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.A. Once B. UnlessC. If D. When解析：考查連詞詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：除非你睡得好，否則一兩個晚上之后，你會失去專注、計劃和保持動力的能力。A. Once一旦；B. Unless除非；C. If如果；D. When當時候。故選B。答案：B30. I was sent

11、0;to the village last month to see how the development plan _ in the past two years.A. had been carried out B. would be carried outC. is being carried out D. has been carried out解析：考查時態(tài)。句意：上個月我被派到村里去看看在過去的

12、兩年里發(fā)展計劃是如何執(zhí)行的。根據(jù)句中時間狀語last month和in the past two years可知用過去完成時。故選A。答案：A31. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.A. have developed B. had 

13、developedC. will have developed D. developed解析：考查時態(tài)。句意：希望在2025年，我們不再互相發(fā)電子郵件，因為到那時候我們將開發(fā)更方便的電子通信工具。根據(jù)時間狀語in 2025，可知用將來時；再根據(jù)時間狀語by then到那時，可知用完成時。結(jié)合兩者可知用將來完成時。故選C。答案：C32. Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the _ youve made.A. assignment B. ass

14、ociationC. acquisition D. assumption解析：考查名詞詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：試著去理解實際發(fā)生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假設(shè)行事。A. assignment分配；B. association交往；C. acquisition獲得；D. assumption假設(shè)。故選D。答案：D33. Chinas soft power grows _ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.A. in line wit

15、h B. in reply toC. in return for D. in honour of解析：考查介詞短語詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：中國的軟實力增長與日俱增全球?qū)χ袊馁p識和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；與.一致；B. in reply to答復；C. in return for作為 . 的報酬；D. in honour of為紀念。故選A。答案：A34. Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.A. k

16、een B. reluctantC. anxious D. ready解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：盡管旅館服務(wù)不好，經(jīng)理還不愿投入為員工提供足夠的培訓。A. keen敏銳的；B. reluctant不情愿的；C. anxious渴望的；D. ready準備好的。故選B。答案：B35. What happened? Your boss seems to _.Didnt you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the

17、0;press?A. be over the moon B. laugh his head offC. be all ears D. fly off the handle解析：考查習慣用語。句意：發(fā)生什么了？你老板看起來勃然大怒。你難道不知道他的秘書把秘密報告泄露給新聞界了嗎？A. be over the moon非常高興；B. laugh his head off 笑的要死；C. be all ears洗耳恭聽；D. fly off the handle勃然大怒。故選D。答案：D第二

18、節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）請認真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been 36 to pay lawyers fees. To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed（診斷）with a 37 disease. There was no 38 ,only pain relief.Failing to

19、find any other way out, they decided to make a 39 journey, as they caught sight of an old hikers(徒步旅行者）guide.This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and 40 recovery. When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just 320 in the bank. They planned to keep the 41 low by living on boiled noodles, wit

20、h the 42 hamburger shop treat.Wild camping is 43 in England. To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up 44 .and packed it away early in the morning. The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50 s is a lot 45 than they remember it was in their 20s.Raynor 46 all over and desi

21、red a bath. Moth, meanwhile, after an initial 47 ,found his symptoms were strangely 48 by their daily tiring journey. 49 ,the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles that they thought had 50 forever."Our hair was fried and falling out, nails broken, cl

22、othes 51 to a thread, but we were alive."During the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer. She writes, " 52 had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a(n) 53 written book. It had also given me a 54 , either to leave that page 55 o

23、r to keep writing the story with hope. I chose hope.”36. A. drawn up B. used up C. backed up D. kept up解析：考查動詞短語以及對語境的理解。A. drawn up起草；B. used up用光；C. backed up擁堵；D. kept up保持。根據(jù)后面的to pay lawyers fees.提示可知，他們的積蓄都用光了。故選B。答案：B37.A. mild B. common C. preventable D. serious解析：考查形容詞以及對語境的理解。A. mild 溫和的；B

24、. common共同的；C. preventable可預防的；D. serious嚴重的。根據(jù)后句There was no 38 , only pain relief.可知，Moth被診斷為嚴重的疾病。故選D。答案：D38. A. cure B. luck C. care D. promise解析：考查名詞以及對語境的理解。A. cure對策；B. luck幸運；C. care關(guān)心；D. promise諾言。名詞cure在這里表示“治療的方法”。沒有任何治療的方法，只有止疼。故選A。答案：A39. A. business B. walking C. bus D. rail解析：考查名詞以及對語

25、境的理解。A. business事務(wù)；B. walking走；C. bus公交；D. rail欄桿。根據(jù)后句as they caught sight of an old hikers(徒步旅行者）guide.可知，他們決定作一次徒步旅行。故選B。答案：B40. A. expected B. frightening C. disappointing D. surprising解析：考查形容詞以及對語境的理解。A. expected預期的；B. frightening令人害怕的；C. disappointing令人失望的；D. surprising令人驚訝的。這是一次漫長的旅程，經(jīng)歷了不尋常的艱苦

26、和驚人的恢復。故選D。答案：D41. A. budget B. revenue C. compensation D. allowance解析：考查名詞以及對語境的理解。A. budget預算；B. revenue稅收；C. compensation 賠償； D. allowance津貼。他們計劃靠吃煮面條來維持低預算。故選A。答案：A42. A. frequent B. occasional C. abundant D. constant解析：考查形容詞以及對語境的理解。A. frequent頻繁的；B. occasional偶爾的；C. abundant大量的； D. constant不斷的

27、。偶爾到漢堡包店款待。故選B。答案：B43. A. unpopular B. lawful C. attractive D. illegal解析：考查形容詞以及對語境的理解。A. unpopular不受歡迎的；B. lawful合法的；C. attractive 吸引人的；D. illegal非法的。根據(jù)后句To avoid being caught,可知，在英國，野營是非法的。故選D。答案：D44. A. soon B. early C. late D. slowly解析：考查副詞以及對語境的理解。A. soon不久；B. early早的；C. late遲的；D. slowly慢慢

28、地。根據(jù)后句and packed it away early in the morning.中的early提示可知，他們不得不晚些時候把帳篷搭起來。故選C。答案：C45. A. harder B. easier C. cheaper D. funnier解析：考查形容詞比較級以及對語境的理解。A. harder更難的；B. easier更容易的；C. cheaper更便宜的；D. funnier可笑的。根據(jù)常識可知，Winns夫婦很快發(fā)現(xiàn)在他們50多歲的每日徒步旅行要比他們所記的在他們20多歲的每日徒步旅行要艱難的很多。故選A。答案：A46. A. rolled B. bled C. ache

29、d D. trembled解析：考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A. rolled滾動；B. bled流血；C. ached疼；D. trembled發(fā)抖。根據(jù)常識可知，Raynor渾身疼。故選C。答案：C47. A. struggle B. progress C. excitement D. research解析：考查名詞以及對語境的理解。A. struggle斗爭；B. progress進展；C. excitement激動；D. research研究。經(jīng)過最初的與病魔作斗爭。故選A。答案：A48. A. developed B. controlled C. reduced D. increase

30、d解析：考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A. developed發(fā)展；B. controlled控制；C. reduced減少；D. increased增加。發(fā)現(xiàn)他的癥狀不可思議的減少了。故選C。答案：C49. A. Initially B. Eventually C. Temporarily D. Consequently解析：考查副詞以及對語境的理解。A. Initially起初；B. Eventually最終；C. Temporarily臨時地；D. Consequently因此。最終，這對夫婦發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的身體變好了。故選B。答案：B50. A. gained B. kept C. wounde

31、d D. lost解析：考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A. gained獲得；B. kept保持；C. wounded受傷；D. lost失去。根據(jù)前句with re-found strong muscles 可知他們原以為永遠失去的強壯的肌肉又再現(xiàn)了。故選D。答案：D51. A. sewn B. washed C. worn D. ironed解析：考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A. sewn縫；B. washed洗；C. worn穿破；D. ironed熨。這里指他們的衣服破成了線狀物。故選C。答案：C52. A. Doctors B. Hiking C. Lawyers D. Homelessn

32、ess解析：考查名詞以及對語境的理解。A. Doctors醫(yī)生；B. Hiking徒步旅行；C. Lawyers律師；D. Homelessness無家可歸。無家可歸奪走了我所有的物質(zhì)。故選D。答案：D53. A. well B. partly C. neatly D. originally解析：考查副詞以及對語境的理解。 A. well好；B. partly部分地；C. neatly整潔地；D. originally起初。在寫已好書中的部分，最后有一頁空白頁。故選B。答案：B54. A. choice B. reward C. promise D. break解析：考查名詞以及對語

33、境的理解。A. choice選擇；B. reward報酬；C. promise許諾； D. break休息。根據(jù)后句either to leave that page 55 or to keep writing the story with hope.中either or 可知這里是一種選擇。它也給我一種選擇。故選A。答案：A55. A. loose B. full C. blank D. missing解析：考查形容詞以及對語境的理解。A. loose寬松的；B. full滿的；C. blank空白的；D. missing失蹤的。根據(jù)前文中an empty page at the end o

34、f a(n) 53 written book.可知要么留下那頁空白，要么繼續(xù)寫著希望的故事。故選C。第三部分：閱讀理解(共15 小題； 每小題2 分, 滿分30 分)請認真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D 四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AThe Metropolitan Museum of Art1000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10028211-535-7710 EntrancesFifth Avenue at 82nd StreetHoursOpen 7 days a week.Sunday-Thursday 10:0

35、0-17:30Friday and Saturday 10:00-21:00Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, January 1, and the first Monday in May.Admission$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊）on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.Free w

36、ith AdmissionAll special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours, concerts, gallery talks, and family/children's programs are free with admission.Ask about today's activities at the Great Hall Information Desk.The Cloisters Museum and GardensThe Cloisters museum and gardens is

37、a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages. The extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.Hours: Open 7 days a week.March-Oc

38、tober 10:00-17:15November-February 10:00-16:45Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, and January 1.56. How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?A. $12. B. $37.C. $ 50. D. $ 62解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)admission 部分$25 recommended for adults，$12recommended for students，fre

39、e for children under 12 with an adult 可知11歲的女孩和她父母去參觀博物館只需付兩個成人的票價即25×2=50，故答案為C。答案：C57. The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that _.A. it opens all the year roundB. its collections date from the Middle AgesC. it has a modern European-style gardenD. it sells excel

40、lent European glass collections解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章The Cloisters Museum and Gardens 部分the extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.可以得知，The Cloisters Museum and Gardens的吸引人的地方在于它的中古時期的收藏品，故選B。答案：

41、BBIn the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有) a special meat soup called consommé. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today, s

42、cholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one

43、, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, none the wiserthey didnt feel fuller, and they were just as ready f

44、or dessert.Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特).When classical, rat

45、her than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending&quo

46、t;bad" tables, crowding. high prices don't necessarily. Diners at bad tables next to the kitchen door, say spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about bad tables," given that they're profitable.

47、As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.58. The underlined phrase "none the wiser" in paragraph 3 most probab

48、ly implies that the customers were .A. not aware of eating more than usualB. not willing to share food with othersC. not conscious of the food qualityD. not fond of the food provided解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段劃線部分的前句they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than ev

49、eryone else,可知在黑暗中，他們說不清自己吃了多少，再根據(jù)劃線后 的句子they didnt feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.可知他們雖然吃得很多，但并沒有感覺更飽，仍然在等著吃甜點，所以他們沒有意識到自己吃多了，所以A正確。答案：A59. How could a fine dining shop make more profit?A. Playing classical music.B. Introducing lemon scent.C. Making the light brighter,D. Using

50、 plates of larger size.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特）可知，要想讓客人呆的時間更長應(yīng)該播放莫扎特等古典音樂而不是流行音樂。Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草）stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon

51、, or no scent.引入薰衣草香而不是檸檬香，而D項文章沒有提及，所以用排除方法可以選A。答案：A60. What does the last paragraph talk about?A. Tips to attract more customers.B. Problems restaurants are faced with.C. Ways to improve restaurants' reputation.D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句Meanwhile, things

52、 that you might expect to discourage spending"bad" tables, crowding，high prices don't necessarily.可知你認為可能會影響人們消費的因素如不好的桌子，擁擠以及高價等不一定會真影響人們的消費，然后依次舉例進行了證明，所以本段主要講的是人們對于飯店的幾個誤解，故選D。答案：DCIf you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carm

53、akers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)), small farmers can keep one step ahead of the b

54、ig guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美國青年農(nóng)會) and a family farmer myself. I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ag

55、o by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per houra huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by handsuddenly making it possible for the little guys to

56、 compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn't touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.The sustainable success of small farme

57、rs, though, won't happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one's own land unattainable for many new farmers.From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values d

58、oubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于）farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation's farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation's food.There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can't