語法動(dòng)詞ing的用法

1、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的用法形式的用法The ing Form of Verbs現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞的基本現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞的基本形式你知道嗎？形式你知道嗎？那么簡單，誰不知道。是由動(dòng)那么簡單，誰不知道。是由動(dòng)詞末尾加詞末尾加 -ing 形式構(gòu)成，因此形式構(gòu)成，因此又叫動(dòng)詞的又叫動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式形式。V+-ingThe ing form構(gòu)成：1.一般情況 rain-2.以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞 hope-3.重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞 stop- 4.以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞 die- lie- tie-raininghopingstoppingdyinglyingtying歸納總結(jié)：歸納總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing是是_中的一

2、種，中的一種，單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，能在句中做除單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，能在句中做除_之外的任之外的任何其他句子成分。如：主語、賓語、表語、定何其他句子成分。如：主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)等。語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)等。在語態(tài)上，動(dòng)詞在語態(tài)上，動(dòng)詞-ing表示表示_（主動(dòng)（主動(dòng)/被動(dòng)被動(dòng))的動(dòng)作。在時(shí)間上，動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作。在時(shí)間上，動(dòng)詞-ing一般表示一般表示_（正在進(jìn)行（正在進(jìn)行/已經(jīng)完成）的動(dòng)作。已經(jīng)完成）的動(dòng)作。 動(dòng)詞非謂語形式動(dòng)詞非謂語形式謂語謂語主動(dòng)主動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行Ing 時(shí)時(shí) 態(tài)態(tài) 和和 語語 態(tài)態(tài) 類 別 及及 物物動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞形式主主 動(dòng)動(dòng)被被 動(dòng)動(dòng)一般式 doing being done 完成式 ha

3、ving donehaving been done重點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)注：否定式在其一般式和完成式前面加注：否定式在其一般式和完成式前面加not作主語：動(dòng)名詞作主語：動(dòng)名詞(動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞ing形式在句中做主語、賓語、表語時(shí)，其作用相當(dāng)于抽形式在句中做主語、賓語、表語時(shí)，其作用相當(dāng)于抽象名詞象名詞)Teaching is my full-time job.Writing an English composition is not easy. Its useless taking this kind of medicine.v歸納：常用歸納：常用-ing形式作主語的句型有：形式作主語的句型有：vIt +be +a

4、 waste of time doing v做做是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的vIt is/was no good/use doing v做做是沒益是沒益/用處的用處的vIt is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing v做做不值得不值得vIt is/was worth/worthwhile doing v做做是值得的是值得的vThere be no doing v無法無法 ， 不允許不允許vThere is no sense in doing v做、沒有道理做、沒有道理vThere is/was no use doing v干、無意義干、無意義 vThere is/was

5、 nothing worse than doing v沒有比、更糟的沒有比、更糟的vThere is/was no point doing v干、無意義干、無意義v我們不知道要去哪兒。我們不知道要去哪兒。vThere was no knowing where we would go. v做這件傻事毫無意義。做這件傻事毫無意義。 vThere is no point doing such a silly thing. 和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。It is useless trying to argue with Shylock這事值得去做。這事值得去做。 Its w

6、orth making the effort若要人不知，除非己莫為。若要人不知，除非己莫為。There is no hiding of evil but not to do it這種事開不得玩笑。這種事開不得玩笑。There is no joking about such matter.作表語作表語（1 1）動(dòng)名詞）動(dòng)名詞My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job.Her full-time job is laying eggs.=Laying eggs is her full-time job.（2 2）現(xiàn)在分詞）現(xiàn)在分詞The play is exci

7、ting. Exciting is the play.The story he told us w a s v e r y interesting. Interesting was the story he told us.動(dòng)名詞做表語對(duì)主語解動(dòng)名詞做表語對(duì)主語解釋說明，可與句子的主釋說明，可與句子的主語互換，不影響原意。語互換，不影響原意?，F(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作是句中現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作是句中主語發(fā)出的，主語與分主語發(fā)出的，主語與分詞存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系，詞存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系，不能與主語互換位置。不能與主語互換位置。作賓語作賓語1.1.只接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞：只接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞：避免錯(cuò)過少延期避免錯(cuò)過少延期 avoid

8、/ miss/ delay/ postpone建議完成多練習(xí)建議完成多練習(xí) suggest/advise/finish/complete/ practice喜歡想象禁不住喜歡想象禁不住 enjoy/ imagine/ cant help承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒 admit/ deny/ envy逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫寬恕逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫寬恕 escape/ risk/ forgive/ excuse忍受保持不介意忍受保持不介意 stand/ keep/ mind允許感激和考慮允許感激和考慮 allow/ permit/ appreciate/ consider明白鼓勵(lì)要禁止明白鼓勵(lì)要禁止 understan

9、d/ encourage/ forbid2. 2. 意義一致意義一致Like/ hate/ begin/ start/ love/ continue/ preferLike to do 具體的將來的一次的具體的將來的一次的Like doing 習(xí)慣性經(jīng)常性的習(xí)慣性經(jīng)常性的I like playing football.I like to play football this afternoon.3. 3. 意義不一致意義不一致 remember/ forget/ regret I forgot to post your letter. 未做未做 I forgot posting your le

10、tter. 做了做了B. mean/ tryMean to do 打算打算 mean doing 意味著意味著Try to do 努力努力 try doing 試著試著C. stop/ go on stop to do 另一件另一件 stop doing 同一件同一件D. need/ want/ requireThe flowers need watering. Doing 用主動(dòng)用主動(dòng)The flowers need to be watered. to be done用被動(dòng)用被動(dòng)接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的詞組詞組(舉例舉例)： 介詞+doing preferto be used to

11、lead to devote oneself to stick to look forward to (to為介詞） admit to no use, Its worth, as well as, cant help, Its no use /good be tired of be fond of be afraid of be proud of hold off put off keep on insist on set about be successful in good at take up give up prevent from think of / about作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)

12、足語表示賓語進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，具有主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的含義表示賓語進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，具有主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的含義 I heard the girl singing in the classroom. I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open. The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest. 常見常見ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語出現(xiàn)在下列動(dòng)詞后，見課本作賓語補(bǔ)足語出現(xiàn)在下列動(dòng)詞后，見課本145頁頁動(dòng)名詞作定語表示性質(zhì)或用途。動(dòng)名詞作定語表示性質(zhì)或用途。a washing m

13、achine a machine for washinga swimming pool a pool for swimming This is a new washing machine. 作定語作定語作定語作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動(dòng)作。如果是單詞，放在被現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動(dòng)作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語，放就放在被修飾的名修飾的名詞前；如果是短語，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。詞之后。a developing country a country which is developinga sleeping boy a boy who is sleepingThe man talki

14、ng with my father is Mr. Wang.China is a developing country.作作 狀狀 語語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。表時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨（方現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。表時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨（方式）等，具有主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的含義。表示其動(dòng)作與句子的謂式）等，具有主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的含義。表示其動(dòng)作與句子的謂語是同時(shí)的。語是同時(shí)的。Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out.（時(shí)間）（時(shí)間）Being ill, he went home. （原因）（原因）European football is played in 80 count

15、ries, making it the most popular sport in the world. （結(jié)果）（結(jié)果）He read a magazine waiting for the bus.（伴隨伴隨） Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.(條件）條件）注意：分詞注意：分詞(短語短語)作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須與作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果不一致，必須用獨(dú)立主格句子的主語一致。如果不一致，必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語。語。1. Comp

16、aring all the great people with each other, youll find that they have much in common. 2. Finding her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.3. The train having gone, we had to wait another day.分析分析:前兩例中前兩例中,-ing形式的邏輯主語均為主句的主語。形式的邏輯主語均為主句的主語。最后一例中最后一例中having gone的邏輯主語是的邏輯主語是 the train。 根據(jù)這個(gè)性

17、質(zhì)根據(jù)這個(gè)性質(zhì),我們?cè)谑褂梦覀冊(cè)谑褂?ing形式作狀語時(shí)形式作狀語時(shí),切記不要在切記不要在前面或后面的句子前用連詞連接。如前面或后面的句子前用連詞連接。如: Walking on the fallen leaves in autumn, so youll feel very comfortable.() 注意：注意： -ing形式形式(短語短語)的功能有時(shí)的功能有時(shí)相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。一個(gè)狀語從句。 分析分析:如前所述如前所述,-ing形式短語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句形式短語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句,所以后所以后半句中的連詞半句中的連詞so的使用是錯(cuò)誤的的使用是錯(cuò)誤的,應(yīng)該去掉。應(yīng)該去掉。原句應(yīng)改為

18、原句應(yīng)改為: Walking on the fallen leaves in autumn, youll feel very comfortable. 簡單了解簡單了解一般式與完成式的時(shí)間意義 1. Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater.2. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didnt take much notice. ing形式的完成式所表示的時(shí)間在謂語形式的完成式所表示的時(shí)間在謂語動(dòng)詞之前動(dòng)詞之前 ing形式的一般式所表示的時(shí)