測控技術(shù)與儀器專業(yè)英語翻譯 殷虹 河北工業(yè)大學(xué)適用

1、測控專業(yè)英語翻譯Unit 1 Measurement, Control and Instrumentation Instrumentation is defined as the art and science of and control. 譯為：儀器可定義為測量和控制的藝術(shù)和科學(xué)。比如一個(gè)電廠。/also devices that some desired variable. Diverse but can be found in the as well. For a a instrument found in most 譯為：過程控制是實(shí)用儀器的主要分支之一。多樣化的手持式儀器常見于實(shí)驗(yàn)

2、室，例如：煙霧探測器是西方家庭中的一種常見儀器。 Output instrumentation devices such as solenoids, valves, regulators, circuit breakers, and relays. devices control a desired output variable, and provide either remote or automated control capabilities. These are often referred to as final control elements when controlled r

3、emotely or by a control system.句中desired output variable意為“期望輸出變量”，are referred to as意為“被稱為”。 全句譯為：輸出儀器包括線圈、閥、調(diào)節(jié)器、斷路器和繼電器等元件。這些元件控制期望輸出變量，使之實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程或自動控制功能。在遠(yuǎn)程控制或自動控制系統(tǒng)中，稱這些元件為 第 1 頁 共 1 頁終端控制元件。Transmitters are devices that produce an output signal, often in the form of a 420mA electrical current signa

4、l, although many other options using voltage, frequency, pressure, or ethernet are possible. This signal can be used for informational purposes, or it can be sent to a PLC, DCS, SCADA system, LabView or other type of computerized controller, where it can be interpreted into readable values and used

5、to control other devices and processes in the system.譯為：變送器是產(chǎn)生某種輸出信號的裝置，通常是 4是電壓、頻率、壓力或以太網(wǎng)。PLC、DCS、SCADA系統(tǒng)、LabView的其它設(shè)備和過程。句中field，。全句譯為：這本身是控Historythe early years control, and control elements such as obtain the desired temperatures, As technology evolved pneumatic controllers(氣壓式調(diào)節(jié)器) were and mou

6、nted（安裝，配有）in the field that譯為：是由操作員在裝置周圍走動氣壓式調(diào)節(jié)器發(fā)明了，并安裝于監(jiān)測過程和控制閥的現(xiàn)場。This reduced the amount of time process operators were needed to monitor the process. Later years the actual controllers were moved to a central room and signals were sent into the control room to monitor the process and outputs si

7、gnals were sent to the final control element such as a valve to adjust the process as needed.譯為：這樣就減少了過程操作員監(jiān)測過程所需的時(shí)間。近幾年，實(shí)際控制轉(zhuǎn)移到中央控 第 2 頁 共 2 頁制室，信號被發(fā)送到控制室來監(jiān)測過程，并且輸出信號被送到終端控制元件，如閥門，根據(jù)需要調(diào)節(jié)過程。These controllers and indicators were mounted on a wall called a control board.譯為：這些控制器和指示器安裝稱為控制面板的壁面上。The op

8、erators stood in front of this board walking back and forth monitoring the process indicators. This again reduced the number and amount of process operators were needed to walk around the units. The basic air signal years was 315 psig(磅/平方英寸).譯為：/In the 1970s electronic began to be by the companies.

9、 Each instrument out with their own signal their instrumentation, 101.25V, 10V, 15V, and 4causing only 世紀(jì)70, 15V, 和420mA，這只會引起混亂，直到420mAand valves to electronic maintenance costs as electronic instruments were more dependable than instruments. This also increased efficiency and 句中reduced為的謂語，as引導(dǎo)原因狀

10、語從句。全句譯為：從機(jī)械氣動變送器、控制器和閥的控制方式向電子儀器控制方式的轉(zhuǎn)變，降低了維修成本，因?yàn)殡娮觾x器比機(jī)械儀器更可靠。同時(shí)由于精度的提高，從而提高了工作效率和產(chǎn)量。The next evolution of instrumentation came with the production of Distributed Control Systems (DCS). The pneumatic and electronic control rooms allowed control from a 第 3 頁 共 3 頁centralized room, DCS systems allow

11、ed control from more than one room or control stations. These stations could be next to each other or miles away. Now a process operator could sit in front of a screen and monitor thousands of points throughout a large unit or complex.譯為：伴隨著分散式控制系統(tǒng)（DCS）的產(chǎn)生，儀器有了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。氣動控制和電氣控制室允許來自一個(gè)集中室的控制，DCS系統(tǒng)允許來自

12、多個(gè)控制臺的控制。這些控制臺可以是相鄰的，也可以相隔千里。 MeasurementInstrumentation is usually used for is the process or the result of determining the magnitudes of (physical values). These parameters include:（1）Chemical composition；化學(xué)成分（2）Chemical properties；（3）Properties of light； （4）Vibration； 振動（5） （6）Inductance； 電感（8）Ca

13、pacitance； 電容（9）Resistivity； 電阻（10）Viscosity； 粘度（11）Other mechanical properties of materials；材料的其它機(jī)械性能（12）Properties of ionising radiation；電力輻射的性質(zhì)（13）Frequency； 頻率（14）Current； 電流第 4 頁 共 4 頁（15）Pressure, either differential or static；壓力（差壓或靜壓）（16）Flow； 流量（17）Temperature；溫度（18）Levels of liquids；液位等（19

14、）Density. 密度With the exception of a few seemingly fundamental constants, units of to use them.句中With the exception of意為“除以外”，意為“量子常數(shù)”。 全句譯為：better measure of the course of however, first for convenience of evolved so that communities have 基. Laws regulating were to fraud in 譯為：或者一英里較一公里是一個(gè)較好的距離度量。然而

15、，首先是為了方便起見，然后因?yàn)楸匾?，最初制定法律?guī)范尺度就是為了防止商業(yè)欺詐。Measurement methods are often scrutinized（仔細(xì)檢查，詳審） for their validity, applicability, and accuracy. It is very important that the scope of the measurement method be clearly defined, and any aspect included in the scope is shown to be accurate and repeatable thr

16、ough validation.譯為：通常要審核測量方法的有效性、適用性和準(zhǔn)確性。明確界定測量方法的使用范圍是非常重要的，并且這個(gè)范圍里的任何方面通過驗(yàn)證被證明是正確的和可復(fù)驗(yàn)的。 第 5 頁 共 5 頁Measurement method validations often encompass（圍繞；包圍）the following considerations:譯為：測量方法的驗(yàn)證通常包括以下注意事項(xiàng)：（1）Accuracy and precision: Demonstration of accuracy may require the creation of a reference va

17、lue if none is yet available. 準(zhǔn)確度和精確度。如果目前沒有任何有效值，準(zhǔn)確度的驗(yàn)證可能需要規(guī)定一個(gè)參考值。（2）重復(fù)性和再現(xiàn)性，有時(shí)是以量規(guī)“R&R”的形式表示。（3）的。例如：10N到（4）（5fitting, between calibrated reference points. 曲線擬合,（6）魯棒性，或是對測試環(huán)境中潛在的細(xì)微變量或難以控制的裝置的不敏感度。（7）Usefulness to predict end-use characteristics and performance. 實(shí)用性，用來預(yù)測最終用途的特點(diǎn)和性能。（8）Measurement

18、uncertainty. 測量不確定度。（9）Interlaboratory or round robin tests. 多個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行的或循環(huán)的測試。第 6 頁 共 6 頁（10）other types of measurement systems analysis.測量系統(tǒng)分析的其它類型。ControlIn addition to measuring field parameters, instrumentation is also responsible for providing the ability to modify some field parameters.Modern da

19、y control engineering (also called control systems engineering) is a relatively new field of study that gained a significant attention during 20th century with the advancement in technology.20世紀(jì)這個(gè)領(lǐng)域得到了顯著的關(guān)注。an essential role in a wide range of systems, simple washing machines to high-performance F-1

20、6 fighter aircraft.用洗衣機(jī)到高性能的It seeks to terms of inputs, develop for implement in physical systems it代指“”3understand，use和implement為seeks to的賓語。全句譯為：控制工程根據(jù)輸入、建立數(shù)學(xué)模型，分析物理系統(tǒng)。在物理系統(tǒng)中運(yùn)用有效的技術(shù)來執(zhí)行這些控制器。A system can be mechanical, electrical, fluid, chemical, financial and even biological, and the mathematica

21、l modeling, analysis and controller design uses control theory in one or many of the time, frequency and complex-s domains, depending on the nature of the design problem. 譯為：系統(tǒng)可以是機(jī)械、電氣、流體、化工、金融，甚至是生物，數(shù)學(xué)建模、分析和控制器的設(shè)計(jì)采用控制理論的時(shí)間、頻率和復(fù)數(shù)（s）域中的一個(gè)或多個(gè)，的取決于設(shè)計(jì)問題的性質(zhì)。第 7 頁 共 7 頁1Control theoryThere are two major d

22、ivisions in control theory, namely, classical and modern, which have direct implications over the control engineering applications. The scope of classical control theory is limited to single-input and single-output (SISO) system design.譯為：控制理論中有兩個(gè)重要的部分，即經(jīng)典控制理論和現(xiàn)代控制理論，它們對控制工程應(yīng)用有著直接的影響。經(jīng)典控制理論的應(yīng)用范圍局限于單

23、輸入和單輸出（SISO）系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。s轉(zhuǎn)換到頻域分析。略。A controller due to design in most most designed using classical所使用經(jīng)典控制理論設(shè)計(jì)的最常見的控制器是PID控制器。In contrast, modern theory is carried out in the state space, and can deal with multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) systems. This overcomes the limitations of classical control theo

24、ry in more sophisticated（精密的，尖端的） design problems, such as fighter aircraft control. In modern design, a system is represented as a set of first order differential equations defined using state variables.譯為：相比之下，現(xiàn)代控制理論是建立在狀態(tài)空間基礎(chǔ)上的，并且可以處理多輸入多輸出（MIMO）系統(tǒng)。這就克服了經(jīng)典控制理論在更復(fù)雜的設(shè)計(jì)問題（如戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)控制）中的 第 8 頁 共 8 頁局限性。在現(xiàn)

25、代設(shè)計(jì)中，系統(tǒng)表示為一組使用狀態(tài)變量描述的一階差分方程。Nonlinear, multivariable, adaptive and robust（魯棒，健壯的） control theories come under this division. Being fairly new, modern control theory has many areas yet to be explored. Scholars like Rudolf E. Kalman and Aleksandr Lyapunov are well-known among the people who have shape

26、d modern control theory.譯為：非線性、多變量、自適應(yīng)和魯棒控制理論歸入這一部分（現(xiàn)代控制理論）?，F(xiàn)代控制理論作為相當(dāng)新的理論，仍有許多領(lǐng)域有待探索。像魯?shù)婪駿，2Control systemsControl engineering is the discipline focuses on modeling of a diverse range of dynamic systems (e.g. mechanical the controllers that will cause these systems to the desired manner. of electri

27、cal engineering.譯為：的建模和導(dǎo)但大多數(shù)the falling the actual implementation of a system essentially As a is shifting back to the mechanical desired.譯為：然而，因此，重點(diǎn)移回機(jī)械工程學(xué)科，通常是可以期望獲得的。 Electrical circuits, digital processors and microcontrollers can all be used to implement control systems. Control engineering has

28、 a wide range of applications from the flight and propulsion（推進(jìn)）systems of commercial airliners to the cruise（巡航）control present in many modern automobiles.譯為：電路，數(shù)字信號處理器和微控制器都可以用來實(shí)現(xiàn)控制系統(tǒng)。控制工程有著廣泛的應(yīng)用范圍：從商用客機(jī)的飛行和推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)到在許多現(xiàn)代車輛中存在的巡航控制。In most of the cases, control engineers utilize feedback when designin

29、g control systems. This 第 9 頁 共 9 頁is often accomplished using a PID controller system. For example, in an automobile with cruise control the vehicles speed is continuously monitored and fed back to the system, which adjusts the motors torque(扭轉(zhuǎn)力，轉(zhuǎn)（力）矩）accordingly.譯為：在大多數(shù)情況下，控制工程師在設(shè)計(jì)控制系統(tǒng)時(shí)利用了反饋。這通常使用

30、PID控制器系統(tǒng)完成。例如：在有巡航控制的汽車上，車輛的速度不斷被監(jiān)測并反饋給相應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)電機(jī)扭矩的系統(tǒng)。theory can help ensure stability to be achieved.work on the control of systems This is known loop A classic example of control washing machine runs a 譯為：而是3Recent advancementOriginally, control all about continuous systems. Development of are govern

31、ed by a computer The equivalent to Laplace transform in the discrete譯為：本來，控制工程是所有關(guān)于連續(xù)系統(tǒng)的。計(jì)算機(jī)控制工具的發(fā)展提出了離散控制系統(tǒng)工程的要求，因?yàn)榛谟?jì)算機(jī)的數(shù)字控制器和物理系統(tǒng)之間的通信是由計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)鐘控制的。在離散域中相當(dāng)于拉普拉斯變換的是z變換?，F(xiàn)今許多控制系統(tǒng)是由計(jì)算機(jī)控制的，并且它們是由數(shù)字和模擬元件組成的。Therefore, at the design stage either digital components are mapped into the continuous 第 10 頁 共 1

32、0 頁domain and the design is carried out in the continuous domain, or analog components are mapped in to discrete domain and design is carried out there. The first of these two methods is more commonly encountered in practice because many industrial systems have many continuous systems components, in

33、cluding mechanical, fluid, biological and analog electrical components, with a few digital controllers.譯為：因此，在設(shè)計(jì)階段，或是數(shù)字元件被映射到連續(xù)域，并且在連續(xù)域中進(jìn)行，或是模擬元件映射到離散域并在離散域進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。這兩種方法首先是在實(shí)踐中較常遇到的，因?yàn)樯俚臄?shù)字控制器。譯為：同樣的，如今向計(jì)算機(jī)自動設(shè)計(jì)（ structure of systems, based 句中意為“新型系統(tǒng)”全句譯為：計(jì)算機(jī)自動設(shè)計(jì)（控制器結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、這一切都僅僅基于設(shè)計(jì)的性能要求，而不依賴于任何具體的控制模式。In

34、strumentation engineeringfocused on the principle and operation of measuring instruments that are used in design and configuration of automated systems in electrical, pneumatic domains etc.譯為：儀器工程是專業(yè)化的工程領(lǐng)域，其重點(diǎn)是測量儀器的原理和操作，他們應(yīng)用于電氣、氣動等領(lǐng)域的自動化系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和配置。They typically work for industries with automated pro

35、cesses, such as chemical or manufacturing plants, with the goal of improving system productivity, reliability, safety, optimization, and stability. To control the parameters in a process or in a particular system, 第 11 頁 共 11 頁devices such as microprocessors, microcontrollers or PLCs are used, but t

36、heir ultimate aim is to control the parameters of a system.譯為：為了提高系統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)率、可靠性、安全性、最優(yōu)化和穩(wěn)定性，儀器工程很典型地運(yùn)用于有自動化流程的工業(yè)，如化工廠或制造廠。為了控制某一個(gè)流程或特定系統(tǒng)中的參數(shù)，要使用微處理器、微控制器或PLC這樣的設(shè)備，其最終目的是控制系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)。 Instrumentation technologistsInstrumentation technologists, technicians and specialize in troubleshooting(發(fā)現(xiàn)并修理故障，解決紛爭and ins

37、trumentation systems. This trade is so )with electricians, pipefitters, power engineers, and that one find him/herself in extremely diverse working situations.譯為：儀器專家、作。 功能句中but，譯為：現(xiàn)在，唯獨(dú)不能代替最簡單的數(shù)據(jù)采集功能。盡管計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)對于數(shù)據(jù)獲取工作確實(shí)有積極地影響，但它們只能顯示1，0二進(jìn)制代碼。Manufacturing processes and natural phenomena, however, are

38、 still by their very nature analog. That is, natural processes tend to vary smoothly over time, not discontinuously changing states from black to white, from on to off. To be meaningfully recorded or 第 12 頁 共 12 頁manipulated by a computer then, analog measurements such as pressure, temperature, flow

39、 rate, and position must be translated into digital representations.譯為：然而，制造過程和自然現(xiàn)象仍然是一種自然模擬過程。那就是說，自然過程是隨著時(shí)間的推移逐漸變化的，而不是直接從白到黑，從開到關(guān)的間斷變化。要使用計(jì)算機(jī)對模擬量，例如壓力、溫度、流速、和位置，進(jìn)行有意義的記錄或是控制，必須先將它們轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的數(shù)字量。Inherently digital events, too, such as the trippingof a motor or a pulse generated by a positive displacem

40、ent flow metertransistor-to-transistor logic (TTL) level in （TTL）.Hence, the origination and ongoing development of input/output (I/O) for analog 譯為：一些數(shù)字事件，TTL/輸出 系統(tǒng)的起源 2.1圖 Digital I/O functionality 數(shù)字功能In contrast to analog transducersthat sense continuous low, triggering closure of a Outputs, too

41、, are not strictly analog-solenoid. Valves譯為：與檢測連續(xù)變量（如壓力和溫度）的模擬傳感器相比，許多傳感器只有一路輸出，即高或低，開或關(guān)。壓力太高或溫度太低都可能會觸發(fā)開關(guān)關(guān)閉。傳感器輸出也沒有嚴(yán)格的電磁模擬。閥門通常是打開的或關(guān)閉的。Many pumps and heaters are simply turned on or off. Pulse signals are another form of digital I/O, with one rotation of a turbine（渦輪機(jī)） flow meter or tachometer（轉(zhuǎn)

42、速計(jì)，流 第 13 頁 共 13 頁速計(jì)） corresponding to a single, countable event. Digital I/O also can be used for parallel communications among plug-in expansion cards, and to generate clock and other timing signals.譯為：許多水泵和加熱器被簡單的開啟或關(guān)閉。脈沖信號是數(shù)字I/O的另一種形式，比如渦輪流量計(jì)旋轉(zhuǎn)一周或與計(jì)算單一、可數(shù)事件的轉(zhuǎn)速表。數(shù)字I/O也可用于嵌入式擴(kuò)展卡的并行通信，產(chǎn)生時(shí)鐘和其他計(jì)時(shí)信號。t

43、han analog signals.、譯為：早在計(jì)算機(jī)二進(jìn)制語言中，Similar to analog-to-digital converters analog I/O, digital is to deal directly with logic (TTL) level changes. TTL 高電平 TTL電平的變化。通常，TTL02.05.0V。0.82.0V為無效電壓。A voltage change, then, from the to the low range (or vice versa) represents a digital change of state from

44、high low, on to off, etc. And because acquiring an analog signal is more complex than a digital one, analog I/O channels also are more 譯為：而且，電壓從高電平變?yōu)榈碗娖酱韽母叩降突驈拈_到關(guān)的信號變化。而且，由于采集模擬信號比采集數(shù)字信號復(fù)雜，所以模擬輸入輸出通道也比數(shù)字的較為昂貴。而且，如果數(shù)字輸入輸出通道足夠，則無需再考慮模擬輸入輸出通道。Analog signal transmission 模擬信號傳輸Although the microprocesso

45、r and digital network technologies have fundamentally 第 14 頁 共 14 頁reinvented（重復(fù)設(shè)置，（在不知他人以發(fā)明的情況下）重復(fù)發(fā)明，徹底改造，重新使用） the ways in which todays data acquisition systems handle data, much laboratory and manufacturing information is still communicated the old way, via analog electrical signals. 譯為：盡管微處理器和數(shù)字

46、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)已經(jīng)徹底改變了如今數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)處理數(shù)據(jù)的方法，但是，許多實(shí)驗(yàn)室和制造業(yè)任然沿用以前的方法，通過模擬電信號傳遞信息。To understand the ways in which an analog signal is over a circuit, it is first 一些關(guān)系。variable.此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。譯為：是電壓、程變量。coulomb) from one The is often called the potential 譯為：A），定義為1庫倫/秒（C/S）。R. Ohms law, which was formulated by the German physic

47、ist Georg Simon Ohm (17871854).譯為：德國物理學(xué)家喬治.西蒙.歐姆（1787-1854）提出的歐姆定律指出：信號源的電壓會在電阻中產(chǎn)生電流。While most single-channel analog signal transmissions use direct current (DC) variations in current or voltage to represent a data value, frequency variations of an alternating current (AC) also can be used to commu

48、nicate information.第 15 頁 共 15 頁句中direct current意為“直流”，alternating current意為“交流”。譯為：雖然大多單通道模擬信號變送器使用電壓電流信號中直流信號的變化來表示數(shù)據(jù)值，但交流信號頻率的變化也能用于信息傳遞。In the early 19th century, Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier, a French mathematician and physicist, discovered that AC signals could be defined in terms of sine wave

49、s. A sine wave is complete one cycle of the wave, and the frequency is the complete cycle of the wave per unit of time the reciprocal of the period).譯為：19世紀(jì)初，法國數(shù)學(xué)家和物理學(xué)家瓊.點(diǎn)的峰值， Digital signal transmissiondata acquisition or of the network technologies that available for make the best profound on the

50、ability to adapt to 做出最好的決策，因?yàn)樗鼘mFor example, the type of products selected for a data acquisition information load now to flow between nodes on an enterprise network, fiber looks attractive.譯為：例如，為數(shù)據(jù)采集應(yīng)用程序選擇的網(wǎng)絡(luò)或網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)品可能會嚴(yán)重影響未來項(xiàng)目的成本/效益評估。直到最近，光纖對于大多數(shù)應(yīng)用程序還是一個(gè)昂貴的選項(xiàng)，而且看起來像是大材小用。但現(xiàn)在企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的信息可能會溢出，光纖顯得

51、很有吸引力。Network technologies come in a bewildering array of options, and certain segments of this technology are changing at an incredible rate. The average user might spend weeks 第 16 頁 共 16 頁researching the various ways to build or improve a network, just to find that once a decision is made and pro

52、ducts are purchased, the next wave of bigger, better, faster technology is now available.譯為：令人眼花繚亂的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)還有許多未知的部分，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)中確定的部分正在改變以令人難以置信的速度進(jìn)行更新。普通用戶可能會花費(fèi)數(shù)周時(shí)間研究各種方法來建立或改進(jìn)一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，才發(fā)現(xiàn)一旦作出決定，并購買產(chǎn)品,下一波更大、更好、更快的技術(shù)又出現(xiàn)了。譯為：Gluing pieces of new and/or existing networkand industrial networks together. Internet and

53、 data 譯為：可行。Data acquisition hardwareHaving acquainted with the technology how input/output (I/O) signals are generated, 譯為：熟悉了I/O調(diào)制，線性化以及如何傳送到主機(jī)或是控制系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)之后，現(xiàn)在我們將看看不同種類的數(shù)據(jù)采集硬件，它們可幫助你執(zhí)行所有這些功能。Before starting, a brief good news/bad news observation: The good news is that modern microcomputer technolog

54、y has made it relatively simple to install, configure, and start up a high-performance data acquisition system.譯為：在開始之前，先了解一個(gè)簡短的好/壞新聞觀察： 好消息是現(xiàn)代微機(jī)技術(shù)已經(jīng)使高 第 17 頁 共 17 頁性能數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的安裝、 配置和啟動相對簡單。Experienced users will be happy to know that many of the problems encountered a few years ago are gone. New user

55、s will never realize how difficult it once was to bring up a data acquisition system.譯為：有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的用戶會很高興知道幾年前遇到的問題不復(fù)存在了。但新用戶將從來不意識到一度配置一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)是多么的困難。譯為：用戶選擇硬件時(shí)需要做大量的研究、 1 連接到 or and a PC or network 譯為：如今，一個(gè)以太網(wǎng)連接或調(diào)制解調(diào)器，和 PC 或網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算機(jī) (NC)，通過 Internet intranet獲取實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)。when needed. This means that your argument

56、for using NCs is powerful. It could affect your choice of hardware.句中applets是一種小應(yīng)用程序，采用Java創(chuàng)建的基于HTML的程序，通過瀏覽器運(yùn)行。譯為：網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算機(jī)沒有移動磁盤來存儲程序。相反，它在需要的時(shí)候，以applets程序形式將各種軟件包下載到NC上。這意味著世界上任何人都可以通過網(wǎng)路查看您的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)（如 第 18 頁 共 18 頁果它們具有適當(dāng)?shù)脑L問權(quán)限）。針對網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算機(jī)的爭論是非常激烈的。它可能會影響您對硬件的選擇。2What PC interface? 使用什么樣的電腦接口？Virtually all o

57、bjections to using PCs on the plant floor have been answered, and PCs are now performing everything from real-time control to high-speed data acquisition. One譯為：實(shí)際上，所有反對在工廠底層使用PCPC機(jī)能夠執(zhí)行從實(shí)時(shí)控制到高速數(shù)據(jù)采集的一切工作。PC機(jī)的各種總線體系結(jié)構(gòu)。3Most is (most popular industrial software, or it a or not, it is a good idea to Pre

58、sentation & analysiswe should focus on tools available to translate data into worthwhile information. These tools are primarily programming languages and off-the-shelf software packages running under Microsoft Windows and Macintosh operating systems on personal computers.譯為：采集來自各種數(shù)據(jù)源的數(shù)據(jù)，并將此數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成比特和字節(jié)之后，我們關(guān)注可行的工具以便將已轉(zhuǎn)化的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為有價(jià)值的信息。這些工具主要是，在個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)上的Microsoft Windows 和 Macintosh 操作系統(tǒng)之下運(yùn)行的編程語言和現(xiàn)成的軟件包。 第 19 頁 共 19 頁The steps required to s