初中英語(yǔ)固定句型、詞組及知識(shí)要點(diǎn)

1、初中英語(yǔ)固定句型、詞組及知識(shí)要點(diǎn)(一 句型 (一 such+名詞性詞組+thatSo+形容詞 /副詞+that如此以致例如:(1She is such a good teacher that we all love her. 她是一個(gè)好老師,我們都愛(ài)她。(2It was such a hot day that they didnt go out for a walk as usual.這么熱的天氣,他們沒(méi)有像往常一樣去散步。注意點(diǎn):1.such+a+形容詞 +名詞+that,可以改寫(xiě)成:so+形容詞 +a+名詞+that,例句 (1可以改寫(xiě)成:She is so good a teacher

2、that we all love her.2.在 such+形容詞 +名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+that結(jié)構(gòu)中,形 容詞如果是 many/few或 much/little時(shí),用 so 不用 such ,即: so+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that, so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞 +that(1There are so many people in the room that I cant get in. 房間里人太多,我進(jìn)不去。(2The man has so much money that he can buy a car.那 人很有錢(qián),他能買(mǎi)一輛小汽車(chē)。句型 (二 (就近一

3、致There be,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybutalso例如:(1There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box. 他的鉛筆盒里有一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆。(2Not only you but also I have been to the Great Wall.你和我都沒(méi)有去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。(3Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai.要么你去上 海,要么我去上海。(4Neither you nor he is right.你和他都不對(duì)。(5Both Jack and Tim are

4、English.Jack和 Tim 是英國(guó)人。注意點(diǎn):當(dāng)這幾個(gè)句型連接主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要考慮“就近 原則”,對(duì)比 bothand 來(lái)記憶,bothand連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)視為復(fù) 數(shù)。句型 (三 Enough+名詞+to do有足夠的做某事形容詞 /副詞+enough+to do 足夠做某事例如:(1There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting.有足夠的地方容下這些人開(kāi)會(huì)。(2The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box.這 個(gè)男孩力氣夠大,能搬動(dòng)這只箱子。注意點(diǎn):en

5、ough做副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),放在所修飾詞的后面, 句子可以用 sothat句型改寫(xiě)。例句 (2可以改寫(xiě)為:The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.這個(gè)男孩力氣很大, 能搬動(dòng)這只箱子。句型 (四 too . to .too+形容詞 /副詞+to do太以致不能例如:(1I was too excited to say a word.我激動(dòng)得一個(gè) 字也說(shuō)不出來(lái)。(2Tom is too short to reach the apple. Tom太矮了,拿 不到那個(gè)蘋(píng)果。注意點(diǎn):這是一個(gè)否定句型,不能在不定式前加 not,可以用

6、sothat結(jié)構(gòu)改寫(xiě),例如例句 (1可以改寫(xiě)成:I was so excited that I couldnt say a word.句型 (五 So that 以便 / 以致例如:(1They studied hard so that they could pass the exam. 他們學(xué)習(xí)很努力,為了能通過(guò)考試。(2They started early so that they caught the early bus. 他們起得很早,結(jié)果趕上了早班車(chē)。注意點(diǎn):在例句 (1中 , 是引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ);在例句 (2中,是引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 一般來(lái)講, 從句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的, 為目的狀語(yǔ)。 無(wú)情態(tài)

7、動(dòng)詞的, 為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。句型 (六 祈使句 +then/or/and+陳述句例如:(1Work hard,and/then/and then you will live a happy life.努力工作,你就會(huì)過(guò)上幸福生活。(2Hurry up, or we will be late for school. 快點(diǎn),否則 我們上學(xué)就遲到了。注意點(diǎn):以上句型都可以用條件狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)改寫(xiě)。 例句 (2可以改寫(xiě)成: If we dont hurry up,well be late for school.句型 (七 (1Its time for sth.是干某事的時(shí)間了。Its time (for sb

8、to do sth.該干某事了。Its time that sb did sth.該干某事了。例如:(1 Its time for the meeting.該開(kāi)會(huì)了。(2Its time for us to go to school.我們?cè)撋蠈W(xué)了。(3Its high time that you went to bed.你該上床休息了。 注意點(diǎn):在句型 (3中,可以在 time 前加 rush 、 high等修飾詞,這個(gè) 句型是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一種,含有“稍遲一點(diǎn)”的含義。而 (2則是“正 是干某事的時(shí)候”。句型 (八 "花費(fèi)”(1It takes sb. Some time to do

9、sth.干某事花某人一些時(shí) 間(2sb. spend some time on sth./(in doing sth.某人花時(shí) 間在某事上 /花時(shí)間干某事(3sb. spend some money on sth./(in doing sth.某人花 錢(qián)在某物上 /花錢(qián)干某事(4sth. cost sb. Some money某事花某人一些錢(qián)(5 sb. pay some money for sth.某人為某事 (物 付錢(qián) 例如:(1It took me two hours to write the letter.寫(xiě)這 封信花了我兩小時(shí)的時(shí)間。(2He spends half an hour

10、(in reading English every morning. 他每天早上花半小時(shí)讀英語(yǔ)。(3He spends one hour on the housework every day.他每 天花一小時(shí)做家務(wù)。(4The bike cost me 298 yuan.這輛自行車(chē)花了我 298元。(5I spent 298 yuan on the bike.我買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)花了 298 元。(6I paid 298 yuan for the bike.我花了 298元買(mǎi)這輛自行 車(chē)。注意點(diǎn):cost 主語(yǔ)一般為物; spend 、 pay 主語(yǔ)一般為人。例 (1中 it 用做形式主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞不定

11、式為真正主語(yǔ)。句型 (九 提建議(1Why not do?為什么不干某事?(2Lets do 讓我們干某事吧。(3Shall we do ?我們干某事好嗎?(4Would you like something/to do sth.?你想要什么嗎? 你想要干嗎?(5Will you please do ?請(qǐng)你干某事好嗎?(6What (How about doing?干某事怎么樣?例如:(1Why not go and ask our teacher?Good idea!Lets go. 為什么不去問(wèn)問(wèn)老師?好主意!走吧!(2Shall we go out for a walk?No, lets

12、 go to the zoo.我們?nèi)ド⒉皆趺礃?不,我們?nèi)?dòng)物園吧。(3Will you please fetch some chalks for me?請(qǐng)你給我拿 些粉筆,好嗎?(4What about singing an English song? Wonderful!唱首 英語(yǔ)歌曲怎么樣?好極了!注意點(diǎn):這些句型都是表示“建議”的句子,可視為同義句。 句型 (十 (1Lets go out for a walk,shall we?讓我們出去散步, 好嗎?(2Read the book carefully,will you?認(rèn)真讀書(shū),好嗎? 注意點(diǎn):在這兩個(gè)句型中, (2所代表的祈使句,

13、一般用 willyou 構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句。 在 (1中 Lets 表示包括“我”在內(nèi), 用 shall we ,但若是 let us,表示不包括“我”在內(nèi),則用 will you。 例如:Let us go out for a walk,will you?你讓我們出去散 散步,好嗎?句型 (十一 倒裝句So+be/助動(dòng)詞 /情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ)也Neither/Nor+be/助動(dòng)詞 /情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ)也不例如:(1He can sing a lot of English songs,so can she.他會(huì)唱很多英語(yǔ)歌曲,她也是。(2She speaks English very well,so

14、do I.她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好, 我也是。(3Li Lei hasnt read this book,neither has Lin Feng.李蕾?zèng)]看過(guò)這本書(shū),林風(fēng)也沒(méi)看過(guò)。注意點(diǎn):這兩個(gè)句型都表示和前面所陳述的內(nèi)容相同, 用倒裝 句。 要注意和 “so+主語(yǔ) +be/助動(dòng)詞 /情態(tài)動(dòng)詞確實(shí)是”相區(qū)別, 試對(duì)比一下例 (2:A:She speaks English very well.她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好。B:so she does.確實(shí)是這樣。句型 (十二 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移I dont think his answer is right.我認(rèn)為他的答案不對(duì)。 例如:(1I cant believe she i

15、s right.我相信她是不對(duì) 的。(2You dont think they will come tomorrow, do you?你認(rèn)為他們明天不會(huì)來(lái),是嗎?注意點(diǎn):Think 、 believe 、 suppose 等接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),表示否 定時(shí)否定主句。變?yōu)榉匆庖蓡?wèn)句時(shí),若主語(yǔ)是第一人稱,簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句與 賓語(yǔ)從句的主謂語(yǔ)保持一致, 若主句主語(yǔ)是其他人稱,與主句主謂 語(yǔ)保持一致。例 (1變?yōu)榉匆庖蓡?wèn)句應(yīng)為:I cant believe she is right,is she?(在某些情況下,這種否定也可能不轉(zhuǎn)移,如有興趣,可上網(wǎng) 查找“否定不轉(zhuǎn)移”(二 初中英語(yǔ)重要句型 (25組1.There

16、 be結(jié)構(gòu)a. 這是英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的一種結(jié)構(gòu),表示“某地有某物”其含義為 “存在有”。eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have 也解釋為“有” 但是與 there be有區(qū)別,它的含義是“所有,屬有”,其主語(yǔ) 為某人。eg.I have a nice watch.b.There be結(jié)構(gòu)中的 be 動(dòng)詞要和后面所跟名詞保持一致。 C, there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的否定和疑問(wèn)構(gòu)成方式:2.There is a rivernear our school.否:There is not a river near our school.問(wèn):Is there a ri

17、ver near our school.回答:Yes, there is. No, there isnt.劃 How many rivers are there near our school?Whats near our school?d.there be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來(lái)時(shí),同學(xué)們較難掌握,其正確形式 為:there is going to bee.反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成:There is no water in the glass, is there? There is going to _ a football match this afternoon. A.have B.watch C.be

18、D.play They were sure that they were going to _ a rest. A.be B.have C.be on D.on2.so,neither 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句a.So+be(助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ)。表示某人也是如此。eg.Mike has bought some foreign stamps.So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too.b.Neither+be(助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ),表示某人也不。 eg.Mother has never been to Japan.Neither has Father.=Father h

19、as never been to Japan, either.c.So+主語(yǔ)+be(助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 。表示果真如此 (贊同 , 請(qǐng)與 a. 區(qū)別。eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom.B:So he is.=He is really in the class room. 3.Its+時(shí)間 +since動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。自從 . 起已有 . 時(shí)間了。 Its two weeks since we met last.(自從我們上次見(jiàn)面 已有兩個(gè)星期了 How long is it since we left Beijing?(自從我們離開(kāi) 北京已有多久了4.祈使句 +

20、and (那么 .eg.Go straight on and youll see a school. =If you go straight on, youll see a school.5. 祈使句 +or.否則 .eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students. =If you dont work hard, youll fall behind the other. 6. The+比較級(jí) . , the+比較級(jí) . 越 . 越 .eg. The more, the better.越多越好。The harder you wor

21、k on it, the better youll be at it.(你越用功,你就越好。 7.How do you like the film? =What do you think of the film? (你認(rèn)為這部電影怎樣? 8.What.do with.?怎樣對(duì)付 .? 怎樣處理 .?雖然中文為怎樣,我們絕不可照字面翻譯為 how.eg.A:What have you done with the library book?B:Ive just returned it to the library.9.I dont know what to do.我不知道該怎么辦?I dont k

22、now how to do. ×10.What.be like?.是什么樣的?eg. Whats the weather like?天氣如何?Whats your school like?你們學(xué)校是什么樣的? 11.What.for? 為何目的?為什么?eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab?12.one of +最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù) 最 . 之一eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers. 13.findfeelthink it +形容詞

23、+to doeg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我發(fā)覺(jué)學(xué)好英 語(yǔ)是很有用的 find +賓語(yǔ) +名詞 eg.I find him a good boy. (我發(fā) 現(xiàn)他是個(gè)好男孩 .find +賓語(yǔ) +形容詞 eg.I find the door open/closed. (我發(fā)現(xiàn)門(mén)開(kāi) /關(guān)著 I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我發(fā)現(xiàn)我 們的包裝滿了禮物 14. I dont think+肯定句 我想 . 不eg.I dont think Ill take it. (我想我不買(mǎi)它了 請(qǐng)

24、注意 :中文意思否定在從句中 , 但是英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)否定在主句中。 15.prefer A to B=like A better than B更喜歡 A 不怎么喜歡 B.eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chickenprefer to do rather than dowould rather do than do= would do rather than do16.had better do sth.最好干某事 .否定 :had better not do sth.特別注意 :had better后面跟 be 動(dòng)詞詞

25、組 , 不可漏掉 be.eg.Youd better catch a train.Youd better not talk in class.Youd better not be late for the class.17.It is good (nice of+賓格 +to do sth.It is easy (important for+賓格 +to do sth.eg.It is very good of you to teach me English. (你教我英 語(yǔ)真是太好了 18.It takes sb. some time to do sth.(干某事化費(fèi)某人多少 時(shí)間 =sb.

26、spend some time on sth. (in doing sth. eg.It took me half an hour to do the work. =I spent half anhourin doing the work.=sb.spend錢(qián) on物=物 cost sb.錢(qián) pay的過(guò)去式為 paid 而不是 payed.eg.I paid thirty yuan for the coat.=I spent thirty yuan on the coat.=The coat cost me thirty yuan.20.have been to某人曾去過(guò)某地 , 現(xiàn)在人不在那

27、兒sb.have been in+地點(diǎn) 某人呆在某地 (一段時(shí)間 have gone to某人已去某地 , 人不在這兒21. too形容詞 (副詞+to"太而不能 " "太以致于不 " eg. The basket is too heavy for me to carry.這籃子太重 我拿不動(dòng)。 This colour TV is too expensive for us to buy.這 臺(tái)彩電對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)太貴了,買(mǎi)不起。 so.that 如此 . 以致于 .上面的 too.to 結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,可以換成 so.that 引導(dǎo)的句子 轉(zhuǎn)換。The baske

28、t is so heavy that I cant carry it.This colour TV is so expensive that we cant afford it. 22.Whats the population of .? .人口有多少?不說(shuō) How much population in.? 形容人口數(shù)量的大用 large eg.The population of China is ten times as large as thatof the USA23.Ive come to return your pan. (我跑來(lái)是還你鍋的 Why have you come?而不用

29、 What24.not.until (連詞 直到 -才eg.He says that he wont be free until tomorrow.他說(shuō)他 需到明天方才有空?？隙ň?until 到eg.Youd better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天 25.neither.nor.既不 . 也不 .either.or.或者 . 或者 .Not only-but also不僅 -而且eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word "hundred".Either you o

30、r she is right. (謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就近原則 both.and.兩者都 .eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade One (主語(yǔ)看作復(fù)數(shù) 練習(xí)題:1.-Where is Mary? -Oh, she _ the librory.A.has gone to B.went to C.has been to D.had gone to2.He knew little about the film _ he saw it yesterday evening.A.if B.since C.until D.because3.I_ change his mind. Dont wo

31、rry, Hell surely come to get it.A.think he wont B.think he will C.dont think he wont D.dont think he will4.- _do you_ the TV play? - Not bad, I think. A.How;think of B.What;like C.How;like D.What;think5. I _ have a good time _ the party.A.hope you will;at B.like you; on C.hope you to ;in D.want you

32、that; from完成句子:1. 中國(guó)有多少人口, 中國(guó)的人口大約是世界人口的四分之 一。_ the population of China? Its about _ _ of the worlds population.2.門(mén)鈴一直響著,直到門(mén)被林濤打開(kāi)才停。The doorbell _ _until the door was opened by Lin Tao.3. 午飯后他休息了一會(huì)兒,我也休息了一會(huì)兒。He had a short rest after lunch, and _ _ I. 4. 史密斯夫婦離開(kāi)他們的家鄉(xiāng)已有十多年時(shí)間了。_ more than ten years _

33、Mr and Mrs Smith left theirhome town.5. 公共汽車(chē)?yán)飻D得幾乎連站的地方都沒(méi)有 .The bus was_ crowded that there was hardly _ standing room in it.思考題:1、做飯花了她半個(gè)小時(shí)。It _ _ half an hour _ _ some cooking.=I _ half an hour _ some cooking.2、你真好,經(jīng)常在數(shù)學(xué)上幫助我。Its really nice _ you to _ me _ my _. 3、 Lily 跑得不快,贏不了比賽。Lily _ run quickl

34、y _ _ _ the race.=Lily _ _ _ _ _ the race.4、在美術(shù)課上做一張教師節(jié)卡片怎樣?_ _ _ a Teachers Day card _ the art lesson? 5、足球是我校最受歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目之一。Football is _ _ _ _ _ games in our school. (三 英語(yǔ)五類重點(diǎn)必知句型一、常使用動(dòng)詞不定式的短語(yǔ)1、Its time to do sth. Its time for sth 該作某事 的時(shí)候了 .2、cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事3、 ask (tell sb. (not to do

35、 sth. 要求 /告訴某人 (不 作某事4、 allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人作某事5、 be supposed to do sth. 應(yīng)該作某事6、 Would like /want (sb. to do sth. 想要作某事7、 have sth/nothing to do 有時(shí)要做 /與無(wú)關(guān)8、 find it +adj. to do sth. 發(fā)覺(jué)作某事9、 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 寧愿作某事 , 而不愿作某事10、Its +adj. for sb. to do sth. 作某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō) 11、Its bette

36、r /best to do sth. 最好做某事12、 It takes sb. st. to do sth. 某人做某事用了一些時(shí)間二、常用動(dòng)名詞的短語(yǔ)1、 enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜歡做某事2、 keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做 某事3、 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事4、 practice doing sth. 練習(xí)作某事5、 give up doing sth. 放棄作某事6、 be good at/ do well in doing sth. 擅長(zhǎng)作某事7、 pay a

37、ttention to doing sth. 注意作某事8、 what about/ how about doing sth. .怎么樣 (好嗎 ?9、 Thank you for doing sth. 為感謝某人10、 mind doing sth. 介意作某事11、 be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 被用 來(lái)作某事12、spend (in doing sth. 花時(shí)間作某時(shí)13、 be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于作某事14、 finish doing sth. 作完某時(shí)15、 look forward to doin

38、g. 盼望做某事16、 prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜歡勝過(guò)17、 be/get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣作某事18、 keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人 作某事三、省略動(dòng)詞不定式的短語(yǔ)1、一看二聽(tīng)三使役see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth. 看見(jiàn) /聽(tīng)見(jiàn) /感覺(jué) /注意某人作某事make /let /have sb. do sth. 使 /讓某人做某事2、 help sb. (to do sth/ with st

39、h.幫助某人作某事3、 had better (not do sth. 最好 (不 做某事4、Why dont you/ not do sth.為什么不作某事5、 Would /Will / Could you please (not do sth. 請(qǐng)你 (不 作某事好嗎 ?四、 同義詞比較1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an

40、 hour, he stopped to have a rest.2、 forget / remember to do sth. 忘記 /記得要去作某事 forget / remember doing sth. 忘記記得曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事 eg. Please remember to bring my book to school. I remember doing my homework3、 used to do sth. 過(guò)去常常作某事be used to do sth. 被用來(lái)作某事be used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于作某事eg. My father used to smoke.Wood is used to m