人工智能詞匯12.17

1、backpropagation 后向傳播 basis 基basis feature vectors 特征基向量 batch gradient ascent 批量梯度上升法 Bayesian regularization method 貝葉斯規(guī)則化方法 Bernoulli random variable 伯努利隨機變量 bias term 偏置項 binary classfication 二元分類 class labels 類型標記 concatenation 級聯 conjugate gradient 共軛梯度 contiguous groups 聯通區(qū)域 convex optimizatio

2、n software 凸優(yōu)化軟件 convolution 卷積 cost function 代價函數 covariance matrix 協(xié)方差矩陣 DC component 直流分量 decorrelation 去相關 degeneracy 退化 demensionality reduction 降維 derivative 導函數 diagonal 對角線 diffusion of gradients 梯度的彌散 eigenvalue 特征值 eigenvector 特征向量 error term 殘差 feature matrix 特征矩陣 feature standardization

3、特征標準化 feedforward architectures 前饋結構算法 feedforward neural network 前饋神經網絡 feedforward pass 前饋傳導 fine-tuned 微調 first-order feature 一階特征 forward pass 前向傳導 forward propagation 前向傳播 Gaussian prior 高斯先驗概率 generative model 生成模型 gradient descent 梯度下降 Greedy layer-wise training 逐層貪婪訓練方法 grouping matrix 分組矩陣

4、Hadamard product 阿達馬乘積 Hessian matrix Hessian 矩陣 hidden layer 隱含層 hidden units 隱藏神經元常用英語詞匯-andrew Ng 課程intensity 強度 Regression 回歸 Loss function 損失函數 non-convex 非凸函數 neural network 神經網絡 supervised learning監(jiān)督學習regression problem回歸問題處理的是連續(xù)的問題classification problem 分類問題 discreet value 離散值 support vector

5、 machines 支持向量機 learning theory 學習理論 learning algorithms 學習算法 unsupervised learning 無監(jiān)督學習 gradient descent 梯度下降 linear regression 線性回歸 Neural Network 神經網絡 gradient descent 梯度下降 normal equations linear algebra 線性代數 superscript 上標 exponentiation 指數 training set 訓練集合 training example 訓練樣本 hypothesis 假設

6、，用來表示學習算法的輸出 LMS algorithm “l(fā)east mean squaHS、二乘法算法 batch gradient descent 批量梯度下降 constantly gradient descent 隨機梯度下降 iterative algorithm 迭代算法 partial derivative 偏導數 contour 等高線 quadratic function 二元函數 locally weighted regression 局部加權回歸 underfitting 欠擬合 overfitting 過擬合 non-parametric learning algorit

7、hms 無參數學習算法 parametric learning algorithm 參數學習算法 activation 激活值 activation function 激活函數 additive noise 加性噪聲 autoencoder 自編碼器 Autoencoders 自編碼算法 average firing rate 平均激活率 average sum-of-squares error 均方差Hierarchical grouping層次型分組higher-order features更高階特征highly non-convex optimization problem高度非凸的優(yōu)化

8、問題histogram 直方圖hyperbolic tangent 雙曲正切函數hypothesis 估值，假設identity activation function 恒等激勵函數IID 獨立同分布illumination 照明inactive 抑制independent component analysis 獨立成份分析input domains 輸入域input layer 輸入層intensity 亮度 / 灰度intercept term 截距KL divergence 相對熵KL divergence KL 分散度k-Means K- 均值learning rate 學習速率lea

9、st squares 最小二乘法linear correspondence 線性響應linear superposition 線性疊加line-search algorithm 線搜索算法local mean subtraction 局部均值消減local optima 局部最優(yōu)解logistic regression 邏輯回歸loss function 損失函數low-pass filtering 低通濾波magnitude 幅值MAP 極大后驗估計maximum likelihood estimation 極大似然估計mean 平均值MFCC Mel 倒頻系數multi-class cla

10、ssification 多元分類neural networks 神經網絡neuron 神經元Newton ' s method牛頓法non-convex function 非凸函數non-linear feature 非線性特征norm 范式norm bounded 有界范數norm constrained 范數約束normalization 歸一化numerical roundoff errors 數值舍入誤差numerically checking 數值檢驗numerically reliable 數值計算上穩(wěn)定object detection 物體檢測objective func

11、tion 目標函數off-by-one error 缺位錯誤orthogonalization 正交化output layer 輸出層overall cost function 總體代價函數over-complete basis 超完備基over-fitting 過擬合parts of objects 目標的部件part-whole decompostion 部分 -整體分解PCA 主元分析penalty term 懲罰因子per-example mean subtraction 逐樣本均值消減pooling 池化pretrain 預訓練principal components analysi

12、s 主成份分析quadratic constraints 二次約束RBMs 受限 Boltzman 機reconstruction based models 基于重構的模型reconstruction cost 重建代價reconstruction term 重構項redundant 冗余reflection matrix 反射矩陣regularization 正則化regularization term 正則化項rescaling 縮放robust 魯棒性run 行程second-order feature 二階特征sigmoid activation function S 型激勵函數sig

13、nificant digits 有效數字singular value 奇異值singular vector 奇異向量smoothed L1 penalty 平滑的 L1 范數懲罰Smoothed topographic L1 sparsity penalty平滑地形 L1 稀疏懲罰函數smoothing 平滑Softmax Regresson Softmax 回歸sorted in decreasing order 降序排列source features 源特征sparse autoencoder 消減歸一化Sparsity 稀疏性sparsity parameter 稀疏性參數sparsit

14、y penalty 稀疏懲罰square function 平方函數squared-error 方差stationary 平穩(wěn)性（不變性）stationary stochastic process 平穩(wěn)隨機過程step-size 步長值supervised learning 監(jiān)督學習symmetric positive semi-definite matrix對稱半正定矩陣symmetry breaking 對稱失效tanh function 雙曲正切函數the average activation 平均活躍度the derivative checking method 梯度驗證方法the e

15、mpirical distribution 經驗分布函數the energy function 能量函數the Lagrange dual 拉格朗日對偶函數the log likelihood 對數似然函數the pixel intensity value像素灰度值the rate of convergence收斂速度topographic cost term 拓撲代價項topographic ordered 拓撲秩序transformation 變換translation invariant 平移不變性trivial answer 平凡解under-complete basis 不完備基un

16、rolling 組合擴展unsupervised learning 無監(jiān)督學習variance 方差vecotrized implementation 向量化實現vectorization 矢量化visual cortex 視覺皮層weight decay 權重衰減weighted average 加權平均值whitening 白化zero-mean 均值為零Accumulated error backpropagation 累積誤差逆?zhèn)鞑ctivation Function 激活函數Adaptive Resonance Theory/ART 自適應諧振理論Addictive model 加

17、性學習Adversarial Networks 對抗網絡Affine Layer 仿射層Affinity matrix 親和矩陣Agent 代理 / 智能體Algorithm 算法Alpha- beta pruning - 3 翦枝Anomaly detection 異常檢測Approximation 近似Area Under ROC Curve AUC Roc 曲線下面積Artificial General Intelligence/AGI 通用人工智能Artificial Intelligence/AI 人工智能Association analysis 關聯分析Attention mech

18、anism 注意力機制Attribute conditional independence assumption屬性條件獨立性假設Attribute space 屬性空間Attribute value 屬性值Autoencoder 自編碼器Automatic speech recognition 自動語音識別Automatic summarization 自動摘要Average gradient 平均梯度Average-Pooling 平均池化Backpropagation Through Time 通過時間的反向傳播Backpropagation/BP 反向傳播Base learner 基學

19、習器Base learning algorithm 基學習算法Batch Normalization/BN 批量歸一化Bayes decision rule 貝葉斯判定準則Bayes Model Averaging BMA 貝葉斯模型平均Bayes optimal classifier 貝葉斯最優(yōu)分類器Bayesian decision theory 貝葉斯決策論Bayesian network 貝葉斯網絡Between-class scatter matrix 類間散度矩陣Bias 偏置 / 偏差Bias-variance decomposition 偏差 -方差分解Bias-Varianc

20、e Dilemma 偏差一方差困境Bi-directional Long-Short Term Memory/Bi-LSTM雙向長短期記憶Binary classification 二分類Binomial test 二項檢驗Bi-partition 二分法Boltzmann machine 玻爾茲曼機Bootstrap sampling 自助采樣法可重復采樣Bootstrapping 自助法Break-Event Point BEP 平衡點Calibration 校準Cascade-Correlation 級聯相關Categorical attribute 離散屬性Class-conditio

21、nal probability 類條件概率Classification and regression tree/CART 分類與回歸Classifier 分類器Class-imbalance 類別不平衡Closed -form 閉式Cluster 簇/ 類 / 集群Cluster analysis 聚類分析Clustering 聚類Clustering ensemble 聚類集成Co-adapting 共適應Coding matrix 編碼矩陣COLT 國際學習理論會議Committee-based learning 基于委員會的學習Competitive learning 競爭型學習Comp

22、onent learner 組件學習器Comprehensibility 可解釋性Computation Cost 計算成本Computational Linguistics 計算語言學Computer vision 計算機視覺Concept drift 概念漂移Concept Learning System /CLS 概念學習系統(tǒng)Conditional entropy 條件熵Conditional mutual information 條件互信息Conditional Probability Table CPT 條件概率表Conditional random field/CRF 條件隨機場C

23、onditional risk 條件風險Confidence 置信度Confusion matrix 混淆矩陣Connection weight 連接權Connectionism 連結主義Consistency 一致性相合性Contingency table 列聯表Continuous attribute 連續(xù)屬性Convergence 收斂Conversational agent 會話智能體Convex quadratic programming 凸二次規(guī)劃Convexity 凸性Convolutional neural network/CNN 卷積神經網絡Co-occurrence 同現C

24、orrelation coefficient 相關系數Cosine similarity 余弦相似度Cost curve 成本曲線Cost Function 成本函數Cost matrix 成本矩陣Cost-sensitive 成本敏感Cross entropy 交叉熵Cross validation 交叉驗證Crowdsourcing 眾包Curse of dimensionality 維數災難Cut point 截斷點Cutting plane algorithm 割平面法Data mining 數據挖掘Data set 數據集Decision Boundary 決策邊界Decision

25、stump 決策樹樁Decision tree 決策樹判定樹Deduction 演繹Deep Belief Network 深度信念網絡Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial NetworkDCGAN 深度卷積生成對抗網絡Deep learning 深度學習Deep neural network/DNN 深度神經網絡Deep Q-Learning 深度Q 學習Deep Q-Network 深度Q 網絡Density estimation 密度估計Density-based clustering 密度聚類Differentiable neural co

26、mputer 可微分神經計算機Dimensionality reduction algorithm 降維算法Directed edge 有向邊Disagreement measure 不合度量Discriminative model 判別模型Discriminator 判別器Distance measure 距離度量Distance metric learning 距離度量學習Distribution 分布Divergence 散度Diversity measure 多樣性度量差異性度量Domain adaption 領域自適應Downsampling 下采樣D-separation ( Di

27、rected separation ) 有向分離Dual problem 對偶問題Dummy node 啞結點Dynamic Fusion 動態(tài)融合Dynamic programming 動態(tài)規(guī)劃Eigenvalue decomposition 特征值分解Embedding 嵌入Emotional analysis 情緒分析Empirical conditional entropy 經驗條件熵Empirical entropy 經驗熵Empirical error 經驗誤差Empirical risk 經驗風險End-to-End 端到端Energy-based model 基于能量的模型En

28、semble learning 集成學習Ensemble pruning 集成修剪Error Correcting Output Codes ECOC 糾錯輸出碼Error rate 錯誤率Error-ambiguity decomposition 誤差 -分歧分解Euclidean distance 歐氏距離Evolutionary computation 演化計算Expectation-Maximization 期望最大化Expected loss 期望損失Exploding Gradient Problem 梯度爆炸問題Exponential loss function 指數損失函數Ex

29、treme Learning Machine/ELM 超限學習機Factorization 因子分解False negative 假負類False positive 假正類False Positive Rate/FPR 假正例率Feature engineering 特征工程Feature selection 特征選擇Feature vector 特征向量Featured Learning 特征學習Feedforward Neural Networks/FNN 前饋神經網絡Fine-tuning 微調Flipping output 翻轉法Fluctuation 震蕩Forward stagew

30、ise algorithm 前向分步算法Frequentist 頻率主義學派Full-rank matrix 滿秩矩陣Functional neuron 功能神經元Gain ratio 增益率Game theory 博弈論Gaussian kernel function 高斯核函數Gaussian Mixture Model 高斯混合模型General Problem Solving 通用問題求解Generalization 泛化Generalization error 泛化誤差Generalization error bound 泛化誤差上界Generalized Lagrange func

31、tion 廣義拉格朗日函數Generalized linear model 廣義線性模型Generalized Rayleigh quotient 廣義瑞利商Generative Adversarial Networks/GAN 生成對抗網絡Generative Model 生成模型Generator 生成器Genetic Algorithm/GA 遺傳算法Gibbs sampling 吉布斯采樣Gini index 基尼指數Global minimum 全局最小Global Optimization 全局優(yōu)化Gradient boosting 梯度提升Gradient Descent 梯度下

32、降Graph theory 圖論Ground-truth 真相真實Hard margin 硬間隔Hard voting 硬投票Harmonic mean 調和平均Hesse matrix 海塞矩陣Hidden dynamic model 隱動態(tài)模型Hidden layer 隱藏層Hidden Markov Model/HMM 隱馬爾可夫模型Hierarchical clustering 層次聚類Hilbert space 希爾伯特空間Hinge loss function 合頁損失函數Hold-out 留出法Homogeneous 同質Hybrid computing 混合計算Hyperpar

33、ameter 超參數Hypothesis 假設Hypothesis test 假設驗證ICML 國際機器學習會議Improved iterative scaling/IIS 改進的迭代尺度法Incremental learning 增量學習Independent and identically distributed/i.i.d.獨立同分布Independent Component Analysis/ICA 獨立成分分析Indicator function指示函數Individual learner個體學習器Induction 歸納Inductive bias 歸納偏好Inductive le

34、arning 歸納學習Inductive Logic Programming ILP 歸納邏輯程序設 計Information entropy 信息熵Log odds logit 對數幾率Logistic Regression Logistic 回歸Log-likelihood 對數似然Log-linear regression 對數線性回歸Long-Short Term Memory/LSTM 長短期記憶Loss function 損失函數Machine translation/MT 機器翻譯Macron-P 宏查準率Macron-R 宏查全率Majority voting 絕對多數投票法M

35、anifold assumption 流形假設Manifold learning 流形學習Margin theory 間隔理論Marginal distribution 邊際分布Marginal independence 邊際獨立性Marginalization 邊際化Markov Chain Monte Carlo/MCMC馬爾可夫鏈蒙特卡羅方法Markov Random Field 馬爾可夫隨機場Maximal clique 最大團Maximum Likelihood Estimation/MLE極大似然估計極大似然法Maximum margin 最大間隔Maximum weighted

36、spanning tree 最大帶權生成樹Max-Pooling 最大池化Mean squared error 均方誤差Meta-learner 元學習器Metric learning 度量學習Micro-P 微查準率Micro-R 微查全率Minimal Description Length/MDL 最小描述長度Minimax game 極小極大博弈Misclassification cost 誤分類成本Mixture of experts 混合專家Momentum 動量Moral graph 道德圖端正圖Multi-class classification 多分類Multi-documen

37、t summarization 多文檔摘要Multi-layer feedforward neural networks 多層前饋神經網絡Multilayer Perceptron/MLP 多層感知器Multimodal learning 多模態(tài)學習Multiple Dimensional Scaling 多維縮放Multiple linear regression 多元線性回歸Information gain 信息增益Input layer 輸入層Insensitive loss 不敏感損失Inter-cluster similarity 簇間相似度International Confere

38、nce for Machine Learning/ICML國際機器學習大會Intra-cluster similarity 簇內相似度Intrinsic value 固有值Isometric Mapping/Isomap 等度量映射Isotonic regression 等分回歸Iterative Dichotomiser 迭代二分器Kernel method 核方法Kernel trick 核技巧Kernelized Linear Discriminant Analysis KLDA核線性判別分析K-fold cross validation k 折交叉驗證 k 倍交叉驗證K-Means C

39、lustering K -均值聚類K-Nearest Neighbours Algorithm/KNN K 近鄰算法Knowledge base 知識庫Knowledge Representation 知識表征Label space 標記空間Lagrange duality 拉格朗日對偶性Lagrange multiplier 拉格朗日乘子Laplace smoothing 拉普拉斯平滑Laplacian correction 拉普拉斯修正Latent Dirichlet Allocation 隱狄利克雷分布Latent semantic analysis 潛在語義分析Latent varia

40、ble 隱變量Lazy learning 懶惰學習Learner 學習器Learning by analogy 類比學習Learning rate 學習率Learning Vector Quantization/LVQ 學習向量量化Least squares regression tree 最小二乘回歸樹Leave-One-Out/LOO 留一法linear chain conditional random field線性鏈條件隨機場Linear Discriminant Analysis LDA 線性判別分析Linear model 線性模型Linear Regression 線性回歸Lin

41、k function 聯系函數Local Markov property 局部馬爾可夫性Local minimum 局部最小Log likelihood 對數似然Multi-response Linear Regression MLR 多響應線性回歸Mutual information 互信息Naive bayes 樸素貝葉斯Naive Bayes Classifier 樸素貝葉斯分類器Named entity recognition 命名實體識別Nash equilibrium 納什均衡Natural language generation/NLG 自然語言生成Natural languag

42、e processing 自然語言處理Negative class 負類Negative correlation 負相關法Negative Log Likelihood 負對數似然Neighbourhood Component Analysis/NCA 近鄰成分分析Neural Machine Translation 神經機器翻譯Neural Turing Machine 神經圖靈機Newton method 牛頓法NIPS 國際神經信息處理系統(tǒng)會議No Free Lunch Theorem NFL 沒有免費的午餐定理Noise-contrastive estimation 噪音對比估計Nom

43、inal attribute 列名屬性Non-convex optimization 非凸優(yōu)化Nonlinear model 非線性模型Non-metric distance 非度量距離Non-negative matrix factorization 非負矩陣分解Non-ordinal attribute 無序屬性Non-Saturating Game 非飽和博弈Norm 范數Normalization 歸一化Nuclear norm 核范數Numerical attribute 數值屬性Letter OObjective function 目標函數Oblique decision tree

44、 斜決策樹Occam' s razo噢卡姆剃刀Odds 幾率Off-Policy 離策略One shot learning 一次性學習One-Dependent Estimator ODE 獨依賴估計On-Policy 在策略Ordinal attribute 有序屬性Out-of-bag estimate 包外估計Output layer 輸出層Output smearing 輸出調制法Overfitting 過擬合過配Oversampling 過采樣Paired t-test 成對 t 檢驗Pairwise 成對型Pairwise Markov property 成對馬爾可夫性Pa

45、rameter 參數Parameter estimation 參數估計Parameter tuning 調參Parse tree 解析樹Particle Swarm Optimization/PSO 粒子群優(yōu)化算法Part-of-speech tagging 詞性標注Perceptron 感知機Performance measure 性能度量Plug and Play Generative Network 即插即用生成網絡Plurality voting 相對多數投票法Polarity detection 極性檢測Polynomial kernel function 多項式核函數Pooling

46、 池化Positive class 正類Positive definite matrix 正定矩陣Post-hoc test 后續(xù)檢驗Post-pruning 后剪枝potential function 勢函數Precision 查準率準確率Prepruning 預剪枝Principal component analysis/PCA 主成分分析Principle of multiple explanations 多釋原則Prior 先驗Probability Graphical Model 概率圖模型Proximal Gradient Descent/PGD 近端梯度下降Pruning 剪枝P

47、seudo-label 偽標記Quantized Neural Network 量子化神經網絡Quantum computer 量子計算機Quantum Computing 量子計算Quasi Newton method 擬牛頓法Radial Basis Function RBF 徑向基函數Random Forest Algorithm 隨機森林算法Random walk 隨機漫步Recall 查全率召回率Receiver Operating Characteristic/ROC 受試者工作特征Rectified Linear Unit/ReLU線性修正單元Recurrent Neural N

48、etwork循環(huán)神經網絡Recursive neural network 遞歸神經網絡Reference model 參考模型Regression 回歸Regularization 正則化Reinforcement learning/RL 強化學習Representation learning 表征學習Representer theorem 表示定理reproducing kernel Hilbert space/RKHS再生核希爾伯特空間Re-sampling 重采樣法Rescaling 再縮放Residual Mapping 殘差映射Residual Network 殘差網絡Restric

49、ted Boltzmann Machine/RBM 受限玻爾茲曼機Restricted Isometry Property/RIP 限定等距性Re-weighting 重賦權法Robustness 穩(wěn)健性 / 魯棒性Root node 根結點Rule Engine 規(guī)則引擎Rule learning 規(guī)則學習Saddle point 鞍點Sample space 樣本空間Sampling 采樣Score function 評分函數Self-Driving 自動駕駛Self-Organizing Map SOM 自組織映射Semi-naive Bayes classifiers 半樸素貝葉斯分類

50、器Semi-Supervised Learning 半監(jiān)督學習semi-Supervised Support Vector Machine半監(jiān)督支持向量機Sentiment analysis 情感分析Separating hyperplane 分離超平面Sigmoid function Sigmoid 函數Similarity measure 相似度度量Simulated annealing 模擬退火Simultaneous localization and mapping同步定位與地圖構建Singular Value Decomposition 奇異值分解Slack variables 松弛

51、變量Smoothing 平滑Soft margin 軟間隔Soft margin maximization 軟間隔最大化Soft voting 軟投票Sparse representation 稀疏表征Sparsity 稀疏性Specialization 特化Spectral Clustering 譜聚類Speech Recognition 語音識別Splitting variable 切分變量Squashing function 擠壓函數Stability-plasticity dilemma 可塑性-穩(wěn)定性困境Statistical learning 統(tǒng)計學習Status feature

52、function 狀態(tài)特征函Stochastic gradient descent 隨機梯度下降Stratified sampling 分層采樣Structural risk 結構風險Structural risk minimization/SRM 結構風險最小化Subspace 子空間Supervised learning 監(jiān)督學習有導師學習support vector expansion 支持向量展式Support Vector Machine/SVM 支持向量機Surrogat loss 替代損失Surrogate function 替代函數Symbolic learning 符號學習S

53、ymbolism 符號主義Synset 同義詞集T-Distribution Stochastic Neighbour Embeddingt-SNE T -分布隨機近鄰嵌入Tensor 張量Tensor Processing Units/TPU 張量處理單元The least square method 最小二乘法Threshold 閾值Threshold logic unit 閾值邏輯單元Threshold-moving 閾值移動Time Step 時間步驟Tokenization 標記化Training error 訓練誤差Training instance 訓練示例訓練例Transduc

54、tive learning 直推學習Transfer learning 遷移學習Treebank 樹庫Tria-by-error 試錯法True negative 真負類True positive 真正類True Positive Rate/TPR 真正例率Turing Machine 圖靈機Twice-learning 二次學習Underfitting 欠擬合欠配Undersampling 欠采樣Understandability 可理解性Unequal cost 非均等代價Unit-step function 單位階躍函數Univariate decision tree 單變量決策樹Uns

55、upervised learning 無監(jiān)督學習無導師學習Unsupervised layer-wise training 無監(jiān)督逐層訓練Upsampling 上采樣Vanishing Gradient Problem 梯度消失問題Variational inference 變分推斷VC Theory VC 維理論Version space 版本空間Viterbi algorithm 維特比算法Von Neumann architecture 馮 諾伊曼架構Wasserstein GAN/WGAN Wasserstein 生成對抗網絡Weak learner 弱學習器Weight 權重Weight sharing 權共享Weighted voting 加權投票法Within-class scatter matrix 類內散度矩陣Word embedding 詞嵌入Word sense disambiguation 詞義消歧Zero-data learning零數據學習Zero-shot learning零次學習approxi