英文學(xué)的術(shù)論文設(shè)計(jì)書的常用的高級(jí)的詞匯和精美句型

1、英文學(xué)術(shù)論文常用高級(jí)詞匯和精美句型 no cha nge on 1-day in tervals for 3 con secutive days at give n in tervals of time (30, 50, and 90 min) for a give n exposure time in creased with age. for differe nt time spa n. After the scheduled time, each sample was tested. throughout the entire test period. It will decrease

2、as time passes.2. 表示增加或下降的 An in crease in the FA content decreased the decrease with in crease in deceases as in creases, and in creases asin crease. As is lowered. augme nt The cumulative AE en ergy in creases with a stepwise pattern in which each sudde n jump of en ergy can be related to develop

3、at an in creas ing rate with time3. 表示原因，由哪些因素決定 probably due to A possible mechanism contributing to the reduction ofis This might be attributed to depends on the two main mechanisms is a mon cause of is the essential parameter governing the ,con tributi ng in part to the in terface separati on phe

4、 nomenon, besides the above-described possible in terfacial material toughe ning mecha ni sm. the cause of this resides in Two parameters are considered in this study to evaluate the strengthening effectiveness with regard to the amount of FRP (i.e., the nu mber of layers of sheets) and con struct i

5、on imperfecti ons.4. 表示展示。 exhibit illustrate prese nt reflect depict is plot in describe5. 表示某種摻量。 high volume fly ash contain high percentages of fly ash as a replacement of cement (0,15,30 by weight of total cementitious materials) for con crete in corporati ng 30% and 40% fly ash. in crease the

6、amount of fly ash in con crete as partial ceme nt replaceme nt materials with partial fly ash substitution are incestigated. the dosage of fly ash with a certain amount of fly ash added6性能的詞匯 mecha ni cal property tran sport property workability flexibility susta in ability serviceability7. 表示測(cè)試 exa

7、m ine8. 表示超過(guò) exceed9. 有關(guān)圖片或表格的 As see n from Table 2, The result of are presented in Table 4. A was plotted aga inst square root of time (t in min) was monitored with the SC3000 which was positioned, as seen in Fig.2a. Sketch of the experime ntal setup© T is plotted as absolute value aga inst t

8、he impact en ergy in Fig.9 Fig.5(c) and (d) shows the load versus stra in and midspa n deflect ion versus stra in curves of the con crete.10. 至于，對(duì)于而言 As for In the case of 11. 表示比擬，比照 The mixture containing 10% FA replaceme nt showed higher stre ngth tha n mixtures containing 40% and 70% FA replacem

9、e nt. As pared to Ais higher than when it substitutes in contrast to Existi ng damages may lead to catastrophic failures at loadi ng stages earlier tha n those corresp onding to in tactspecime ns. is parable to or greater than these values are theoretically detectable. The test results were pared wi

10、th the axial stress-strain behavior of water saturated specimen to that of dry specime ns. a tremendous amount of AE activities, much greater than that of CB, was recorded because 12. 表示效果更明顯 The effect was more pronoun ced with in creased dominant have determ inant impact on13. 表示結(jié)構(gòu)或材料致密 matrix den

11、 sificatio n pore structure den sificati on the pore system bees finer and less conn ected14. 影響 In creases in FA contents showed no sig ni fica nt effect on seemed to be insen sitive to bee decisive for the durability of the con crete The durability of con crete structures has substa ntial econo mi

12、c,social, and en viro nmen tal implicatio ns. Deicers may also posedetrime ntal effects on15. 因此 Con seque ntly, As a result,16. 表示評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)估 qua ntify evaluate assess in terpret17. 學(xué)科術(shù)語(yǔ)阻抗譜 impeda nee response EIS spetra electrode ares in a Nyquist plot (plot of real vs. imagi nary impeda nee) Reti extra

13、cted from the model captures the eha nges in microstructure with time.孔特征 pore structure distributi on total porosity pore structure pore n etwork pore walls tortuous pathways摻合料 fly ash slag silica fume suppleme ntary ceme nti ng materials min eral additives low-a nd high-calcium fly ash測(cè)試方法 SEM :

14、Scanning electron micrograph pigme ntati on X-ray diffract ion an alysis microscopy observati on ultras onic speed measureme nt acoustic emissi on tech nique accelerated age ing test土建工程 civil in frastructures wide use in Civil Engin eeri ng historical heritage masonry structures con crete structure

15、s, paveme nts, and bridge decks測(cè)試儀器 vibrated for 30 sec on a vibrati on table testing machine with maximum load capacity of 50kN. the hammer is hemispherical 24mm in diameter測(cè)試試劑 coupli ng age nt betwee n the sen sor and the con crete surface操作工藝 The molds were stripped after 24 hours Each measure w

16、as performed on five samples and the results averaged. Aggregates were carefully sieved and remixed to conform to the ASTMC33 gradi ng sta ndard. reference specime ns Specime ns were cyli ndrical with a diameter of 55mm and a len gth of 115mm One of the beams was tested in its virgin con diti on to

17、serve as refere nee. the CFRP was inten ti on ally bon ded without adhesive in the cen termost 10% and 20% area of the bonding area of the CFRP sheets. Four AE sensors of Model SE900-MWB, produced by the firm DECI, having a frequency range of 100-900 kHz were moun ted on the specime n surface using

18、a tape. Artificial defect type 1 was cubic-like (3.8cm-by-3.8cm-by-2.5cm),a nd artificial defect type 2 was delam in ati on-like(7.6cm-by-7.6cm-by-0.5cm).環(huán)境類別 high atmospheric humidity sea water rain water acid rain exposure to freeze-thaw cycles deteriorating chemicals alkali ne environment environ

19、men tal variables to simulate the environmental conditions in regions with average relative humidity conditions aggressive media/influencesChloride-lade n en viro neme nt材料性能 pressive stre ngth-fcb (MPa) flexural ten sile stre ngth-ftb (MPa) ten sile stre ngth-ftf (MPa) ultimate strain- & (%) el

20、astic modulus-Ef (GPa) Axial strain lateral strain Youn g's modulus Poissi on 'ratio(材料形狀) the outer con crete layer Coverconcrete"18. 表示一樣 were nearly same. A behave like B A similar trend is also observed in the E/h ratio, see Fig.11(b).19. 某種程度 the exte nt of the reduct ion20. 某些配比 w

21、ater to bin der ratios (W/B) weight to stre ngth ratio21. 表示抵制 high resista nee to resista nee aga inst carb on ati on22.方程，公式 in Eq.(1). Eqs.(2)-(7):23.參考文獻(xiàn)1 this was also con firmed by several studies This result was also con firmed by previous research.,which has been quantified in . Similar resu

22、lts w ere reported by other researchers This is con siste nt with other reports. Based on the previous studies in the ope n literature/in previous publicati ons Numerous surveys have in dicated that In the study of research from the review of the literature23.參考文獻(xiàn)2 have been quoted in literature. In

23、 particular there is also published work about real time monitoring Detailed surveys and literature acco unts on thecarb on ati on problem and related aspects concerning the durability ofcon crete-based materials can be found, for in sta nee, in 1 -6 an drefere nces therei n. We do not go intodetail

24、 in what the modelling of the hydration is concerned but ratherrefer the reader to 7,12-14for fairly detailed descripti ons of the in volvedphysicochemical processes and to 15,16 for a prese ntati onof a few qualitative (mathematical) issues concerning some of theexisti ng hydratio n models. In a st

25、udy undertaken by ,it was shown that 7. Vast majority of existing works in the literature assume a uniform corrosion pattern around the ,e.g. 1-324. 缺陷，缺點(diǎn)，不足 Ano ther expla nati on forlies in there are certa in limitati ons they suffer from serious limitati ons of When applied to ,limitations includ

26、e the need to 25. 表示變化 modificati ons and variatio ns an altered matrix microstructure tran sformatio ns26. 根據(jù) based on the procedure outlined in procedures fully con formed to the stipulati ons set forth in ASTMC 192 Tests have bee n performed on the materials con stitue nts follow ing releva nt te

27、st sta ndards are based on the fun dame ntal prin ciple that 27. 情況不同，現(xiàn)象不同 might have lead to different observations In the study of research28. 研究意義 The understanding of is a crucial step. The tests performed in this study are also a contribution towards the application of AE techniques for on-site

28、 health mon itori ng of stre ngthe ned masonry structures. have made FRPs an efficient solution for strengthening purpose it is of utmost importa nee un dersta nding the material behavior in order to improve the material performa nee and to elon gate its lifetime. NDT technique is developed mainly t

29、o overe this obstacle, while providing desired levels of resolutions for differe nt in spect ion purposes.29. 關(guān)系密切，相關(guān)性 is closely related to . is closely linked to is connected to The correlation between and is correlated to is intrinsically dependent on30. 研究領(lǐng)域的缺乏 efforts in the direction ofare ver

30、y limited. Despite the nu merous con tributi ons of in vestigati on regard ing the there is no mon understanding about the effect of Due to inconsistency on understanding of inner,further investigation is still regular. Actual data on is sparse, not always well documented and, when available, not ea

31、sily accessible to the designer. Few research works published in the last years on this subject indicate Aspects such as failure in itiati on, in terfacial damage propagati on and localizati on, as well as non destructive bond quality monitoring are still open. However, significantly more literature

32、 is needed that addresses the numerous and various conditions that arein here nt in appl ying the AE tech nique to the assessme nt of 31. 侵入，滲入 pen etrati on carb on ati on propagati on chloride diffus in g/c on tam in ati on32. 如前所述 As aforeme nti on ed, As already specified (stated),33. 建立 establi

33、sh con struct34. 與結(jié)合 in conjun cti on with A laser vibrometer and an acoustic excitation can be bined to form a standoff system that is capable of locating and measuri ng defects in matwrials.35. 破壞 environmen tal in duced defects matrix crack ing surface buckli ng delam ination fibre shear-out fibr

34、e rupture/fibre breakage the failure mode of RC beams occurs in a brittle manner lam in ate separati on fiber pullout36. 期望需要 It is anticipated that There is a gen eral n eed for NDT methods that can be con ducted from a dista nee because sta ndoff capacity confers nu merous adva ntages as men ti on

35、ed previously.37. 后面介紹，隨后提與 is further discussed in the follow ing sect ion. ,as will be illustrated in subseque nt sections. The results obta ined from the shear bond tests and the AE data are next prese nted and discussed.38. 成為一種可能ing have dem on strated to be an attractive alter native for rehab

36、ilitatio n or ren ewal of civil in frastructures, provid sig ni fica nt adva ntages to the restorati on applicatio ns not ofte n atta in able with conven ti onal materials.39. 特殊混凝土，加固混凝土，特殊材料，試件 Fibre-Rei nforced Polymer (FRP) glass fiber rein forced polymer (GFRP)-wrapped con crete colu mn artific

37、ially damaged GFRP-c on crete specime ns FRP posite jacket ing system pla in con crete beam control specimen40. 文章目的 The objective is to in itiate the creati on of a user-frie ndly health mon itori ng system for RC structures stre ngthe ned with CFRP sheets using AE tech niq ues. this study aims to

38、develop a .41. 世界各地混凝土協(xié)會(huì) American Con crete In stitute (ACI) American Society of Civil Engin eers (ASCE) American Society of Test ing and Materials (ASTM) Can adia n Society of Civil En gi neers (CSCE) Japa nese Society of Civil Engin eers (JSCE)42. 其他 fill in the por e space enclosed by cement hydr

39、ates due to both the fulfillment of systematic laboratory testi ng It is always the case that service life desig n句型匯總:1. 分類表示 The results in dicate that: (i);(ii) ;(iii) The results in SRG-strengthened specimens were equal to 14.4% and 20% for reference and aged specimen, respectively. It can be ob

40、served that the CoV of the reference GFRP-brick specimens is very low, while for the aged specimens this value is larger. This paper is structured in the follow ing order:2. 越.越 The larger the size of the aggregate, the more segme nt the deflect ion of propagat ing and the greater the FRP canform.3.

41、 舉例子 Once in side, water may alter the properties of the polymer either in a reversible manner, for example byplasticization, or in an irreversible manner, for example by hydroxylation.4. 結(jié)合 FRP debonding from masonry substrate can be acpanied by failure of the bricks, debonding in the,debondingthe

42、or a bination of these fracture processes. In most studies men ti oned there in, however, AE is not suggested as a sta nd-al one tool, but is rather used toin dicate qualitative trends or to pleme nt other methods in the in vestigati on of damage progressi on.5. 公式含義匚 -With being the standard deviat

43、ion and being the mean value of the amplitudes of a group of AE hits.6. 觀點(diǎn)分歧 With respect to ,the scientific munity is divided into two main groups. One group is mainly interested in Theatte ntio n of the sec ond group is in stead drive n towards the 7. 當(dāng)，某某條件時(shí) the developed AE model is remen ded in

44、 cases where matrix crack ing is the dominant damage mode. The analysis is valid only when: (1 );(2);(3);and 8. 解決問(wèn)題has limitations such as To cover the limitation of ,acoustic emission was introduced to study 9. 應(yīng)用 The external plating of RC structures with CFRP sheets is now a widely recognized re

45、pair and retrofit technique to prolong theirservice life.10. 鑒于 Standoff methods of damage detect ion have nu merous adva ntages over con tact measureme nt methods since they allow for measurement of damage in locations that are physically difficult to access, such as high above the ground or over water.精美句子： Since the high probability of impact-damag ing posite materials duri ng manufacture, service and maintenan ce, it is of param ount importa nee the kno w