高中教案英語(yǔ)句子成分析

1、英語(yǔ)句子成分I 教學(xué)內(nèi)容 英語(yǔ)句子八種成分 英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型II 教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 知識(shí)目標(biāo)：學(xué)習(xí)和掌握英語(yǔ)句子成分和簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型2. 能力目標(biāo)：簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型的識(shí)別和運(yùn)用3. 情感目標(biāo)：通過(guò)英語(yǔ)句子成分和基本句型的學(xué)習(xí)，為講和寫(xiě)完整正確的英語(yǔ)句子打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，樹(shù)立起學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的信心。III 教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)及方法1. 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：理解英語(yǔ)中構(gòu)成各成分的詞性2. 教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用基本句型3. 教學(xué)方法：explaining, discovering & practicingIV 教學(xué)步驟Step1 significance 英語(yǔ)是由單詞詞組句子段落篇章構(gòu)成，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，相輔相成，英語(yǔ)中的句子處于一個(gè)

2、適中的位置，可以看作是英語(yǔ)中連接低級(jí)和高級(jí)的紐帶。學(xué)習(xí)單詞和詞組的時(shí)候，我們往往要舉例子來(lái)理解和運(yùn)用單詞和詞組，與此同時(shí)，句子又是組成段落和篇章的基本單位，因此學(xué)習(xí)句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)是非常重要和必要的。 學(xué)習(xí)句子成分要會(huì)判斷它是由什么詞性的單詞來(lái)充當(dāng)該成分的，并且要學(xué)會(huì)判斷句子中的各個(gè)成分，學(xué)好了該部分的知識(shí)，對(duì)于我們學(xué)習(xí)難句和分析長(zhǎng)句十分有幫助，只有掌握了句子的構(gòu)成和簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型，我們?cè)谥v英語(yǔ)和寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)時(shí)才能講出/寫(xiě)出完整正確的句子，才能切實(shí)去提升我們的表達(dá)和寫(xiě)作。Step2 the sentence elements 英語(yǔ)句子成分可分為8種： 主語(yǔ)（subject）; 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（predic

3、ate）; 表語(yǔ)（predicative）；賓語(yǔ)（object）；賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（object complement）； 定語(yǔ)（attribute）；狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）；主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（subject complement）一 主語(yǔ)：是一句的主體，是全句訴說(shuō)的對(duì)象，簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的部分，往往由名詞（n.），代詞（pron.），數(shù)詞，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式以及句子來(lái)充當(dāng)。1. Walls have ears. 名詞2. He will take you to the hospital. 代詞3. Three and four is seven. 數(shù)詞4. To see is to believ

4、e. To do 不定時(shí)5. Smoking is not allowed in public places. Doing 動(dòng)名詞6. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子 T：相信同學(xué)們對(duì)主語(yǔ)還是不陌生的，關(guān)鍵要會(huì)判斷到底是什么成分充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。要注意非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式和句子作主語(yǔ)的情況。 二 謂語(yǔ)T: 謂語(yǔ)由什么來(lái)充當(dāng)呢？S：動(dòng)詞T: 不錯(cuò)，謂語(yǔ)的確是由動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)模唧w來(lái)說(shuō)是什么樣的動(dòng)詞呢？S1：be動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞S2：及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞S3：系動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞T：非常好，你們的回答都是正確的，謂語(yǔ)除了由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，還可以

5、由動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)以及助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞來(lái)組成。1. Action speaks louder than words.2. The chance may not come again.3. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.三 表語(yǔ)：位于系動(dòng)詞之后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特質(zhì)，特征，狀態(tài)等。注：系動(dòng)詞又叫連系動(dòng)詞，本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞：“狀態(tài)”類(lèi)：be“變化”類(lèi)：get/become/turn/grow/go“感官”類(lèi)：taste/smell/look/sound/fell“持續(xù)”類(lèi)：stay/keep/r

6、emain其他：（似乎）seem/appear （證明是）prove/turn out to be表語(yǔ)常由形容詞（adj.），名詞（n.），代詞（pron.），數(shù)詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，to do不定式，句子構(gòu)成。1. Everything here is expensive. adj.2. My father is a professor. n.3. Whos that? Its me. pron.4. Three times five is fifteen. 數(shù)詞5. The story of my life may be of help to others. 介詞短語(yǔ)6. His plan is

7、to seek work in the city. to do 7. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 句子四 賓語(yǔ)：表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者。 位置：一般放在動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)之后介詞之后 賓語(yǔ)往往由名詞，代詞，動(dòng)名詞，數(shù)詞，to do不定式，句子，介詞+名詞充當(dāng)1. She covered her face with her hands. 名詞2. We havent seen her for a long time. pron3. Do you mind opening the window? 動(dòng)名詞4. Giv

8、e me four please. 數(shù)詞5. He wants to dream a nice dream. to do6. We need to know what others are doing. 句子7. We should care more about our friends. 介詞+名詞五 定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞位置：定語(yǔ)常由名詞，名詞所有格，數(shù)詞，形容詞，序數(shù)詞，to do形式，現(xiàn)在分詞doing和句子來(lái)充當(dāng)。1. They are women workers. n.2. Toms father didnt have a car. 名詞所有格3. Mary is a beautiful

9、 girl. adj.4. The play has three acts. 數(shù)詞5. This is her first trip to Europe. adj./序/ to do6. China is a developing country. doing7. Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 從句六 狀語(yǔ)：表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨情況等。1. I left the village five years ago. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)2. The best fish swim near th

10、e bottom. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)3. I arrived late because of the traffic jam. 原因狀語(yǔ)4. Well send a car to fetch you. 目的狀語(yǔ)5. The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bone. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)6. If he goes, so will I. 條件狀語(yǔ)7. Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 讓步狀語(yǔ)8. The students came into the classroom, singing and dan

11、cing. 伴隨狀語(yǔ)七 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞（vt），接了賓語(yǔ)意義仍不完整，還需要有一個(gè)其他的句子成分來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的意義，狀態(tài)等?！百e語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)常常由名詞，形容詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng)1. They elected me captain of the team. n.2. We try to make our country strong. adj.3. We found everything in good order there. 介詞短語(yǔ)4. I should advice you to get the chance. to do5. I saw him

12、going upstairs. 現(xiàn)在分詞doing6. They found the house broken in. done八 主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如過(guò)上述結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，原賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)，原賓補(bǔ)主補(bǔ)1. I was elected captain of the team.2. Our country will be made strong. Step3. Practicing 將下列句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)并找出它們的主語(yǔ)，說(shuō)出是什么詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)。1. Little streams feed big rivers. (小河流入大江)2. He told a joke but it fell flat. (

13、他說(shuō)了個(gè)笑話，但沒(méi)有引人發(fā)笑)3. Smoking is bad for your health. （吸煙對(duì)你的健康不利）4. The disabled are to receive more money. (殘疾人得到了更多的救濟(jì)金)5. Whenever you are ready will be fine. (你無(wú)論什么時(shí)候準(zhǔn)備好都行)翻譯下列句子并劃出各部分的句子成分1. I am reading.2. The plane took off at ten oclock. 謂語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)3. All I could do was to wait. To do 作表語(yǔ)4. She is in

14、good health. 介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)5. This is where I first met her. 表語(yǔ)從句6. Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 主補(bǔ)7. He must be the best violinist alive. 定語(yǔ)8. We have two children, a boy and a girl. (一男一女)同位語(yǔ)9. They all wanted to see him. Pron.作同位語(yǔ)10. She plays the piano. 賓語(yǔ)11. She likes to go to the cinema this afte

15、rnoon.12. Leave the door open. 賓補(bǔ)13. We found John out when we arrive. 賓補(bǔ)Step4 simple sentence structure基本句型：主語(yǔ)+系+表語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)1. 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) S+V+PEg：our city is at the crossing of some important railways.The city will become rich.Practicing:（1） 你的故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣。（2） 把魚(yú)放在冰箱里，

16、否則它會(huì)變壞。（3） 這種炎熱的天氣將會(huì)保持幾天。（4） 這個(gè)計(jì)劃證明是可行的。2. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（vi）Eg：Building has started.The train leaves at 7:40.動(dòng)詞副詞搭配：The teacher teaches well. The child walks very slowly.動(dòng)詞介詞搭配：The girl looked at the picture. The children ran to the forest.Practicing:小鳥(niǎo)在樹(shù)上歡快的唱歌，魚(yú)兒在池塘里自由的嬉戲，我玩的很開(kāi)心。 3. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ) S+V+OEg: The b

17、oss employed five more workers.My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.He forgot to close the door.Practicing:（1） 他因?yàn)檐?chē)子開(kāi)得太快而違反了交通規(guī)則。（2） 他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快將其喝光。（3） 他許諾給我一個(gè)禮物。 4. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)Eg: He has fetched us some new textbooks. Grandma cooked us a nice meal. The boy asked me if I could speak Chi

18、nese.歸納：接雙賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)詞有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promisePracticing:（1） 順便問(wèn)一下，他把錢(qián)給你了嗎？（2） 下學(xué)期誰(shuí)教你們生物？（3） Mr. White 告訴我為什么出國(guó)。5. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)Eg：The villagers didnt allow them to do this.We found him a very good pupil.Practicing:（1） 我建議他多讀點(diǎn)書(shū)（2） 他修了機(jī)器。（3） 我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。Step5. Sum

19、mary學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)句子中的成分并學(xué)會(huì)在句子中去劃分成分，對(duì)于后期我們處理長(zhǎng)難句非常有幫助。通過(guò)判斷和劃分句子成分，找到句子主干，就可以充分的，正確的理解復(fù)雜的句子。同時(shí)在寫(xiě)作中也不易犯語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，尤其是在寫(xiě)長(zhǎng)句時(shí)。解決選擇題也是一樣，分析句子成分，明確橫線處缺什么成分，應(yīng)該用什么性質(zhì)的詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)該成分，那么問(wèn)題就迎刃而解了。舉例：Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “ thats I was born.”A. When B. how C. why D. where解析：很明顯，thats I was born.是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，缺表語(yǔ)，再來(lái)看I was

20、 born 是一個(gè)句子，那說(shuō)明是用句子來(lái)作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)意思“醫(yī)院”和“我出身”是什么關(guān)系？“我出身在這個(gè)醫(yī)院”是“我出身”的地方，那么肯定是用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。 You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since youll have to help those people with different disabilities.We found the hall full.We found the great hall full of students and teachers.We fo