Unit5《NelsonMandela-amodernhero》知識(shí)與要點(diǎn)課

1、話題1.The qualities of a great person(偉人的品質(zhì))2The lives of some great people(一些偉人的生活)功能1.Asking for opinions(征求意見)2Giving opinions(發(fā)表意見)語法The Attributive Clause()(where，when，why，prep.which/whom)定語從句(2)(由where，when，why，prep.which/whom引導(dǎo))重點(diǎn)單詞quality，mean，active，principle，mankind，lawyer，devote，found，fee，h

2、opeful，willing，vote，attack，equal，escape，educate，beg，reward，sentence(vt.)，opinion重點(diǎn)短語lose heart，in trouble，turn to，out of work，as a matter of fact，blow up，come to power，set up，be sentenced to重點(diǎn)句型1.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.2I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.

3、1devote vt.(與與to連用連用)獻(xiàn)身；專心于獻(xiàn)身；專心于歸納拓展歸納拓展把把專用于專用于，完全用于，完全用于其中其中to是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞(2)devoted adj.忠實(shí)的；深愛的忠實(shí)的；深愛的devotion n關(guān)愛，關(guān)照；奉獻(xiàn)關(guān)愛，關(guān)照；奉獻(xiàn)She devoted herself to her work.她致力于她的工作。她致力于她的工作。Mr.Zhang devoted his life to helping the blind.張先生一生都致力于幫助盲人。張先生一生都致力于幫助盲人。They are devoted to their child

4、ren.他們深愛著自己的孩子。他們深愛著自己的孩子?！炬溄佑?xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】Nowadays many school children _ too much time _ playing computer games.Aspend；on Bdevote；toCtake；to Dcost；in【解析解析】考查動(dòng)詞用法。表示考查動(dòng)詞用法。表示“花費(fèi)花費(fèi)”時(shí)，時(shí)，take和和cost不能用不能用sb.作主語，排除作主語，排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；兩項(xiàng)；spend的用法是的用法是sb. spend time in doing sth.或或sb. spend time on sth.，所以，所以A項(xiàng)中項(xiàng)中on應(yīng)改為應(yīng)

5、改為in；devote.ton./doing意為意為“把把用于用于”，符合題意，故符合題意，故B項(xiàng)正確。項(xiàng)正確?！敬鸢复鸢浮緽2vote vt.& vi. 投票；選舉；投票；選舉；n. 投票；選票；表決投票；選票；表決 歸納拓展歸納拓展vote for 贊成；投某人的票贊成；投某人的票vote against 投票反對(duì)投票反對(duì)vote to do sth.投票表決做某事投票表決做某事vote on/upon.對(duì)對(duì)投票表決投票表決vote sth.through 表決通過表決通過(提案等提案等)80% of students vote for/against Jim.80%的學(xué)生都投了吉姆的贊成

6、票的學(xué)生都投了吉姆的贊成票/反對(duì)票。反對(duì)票。Well have to vote on the problem.我們得對(duì)這一問題投票表決。我們得對(duì)這一問題投票表決。There were 400 votes for Mr.Black，and 350 against.400票支持布萊克先生，票支持布萊克先生，350票反對(duì)。票反對(duì)?！炬溄佑?xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】They should have the right _.Avote Bvote for Cvote out Dto vote【解析解析】have the right to do sth.“有權(quán)利做某事有權(quán)利做某事”。vote for “贊成贊成”，后應(yīng)

7、跟賓語；，后應(yīng)跟賓語；vote out “罷免罷免”，也不能，也不能單獨(dú)使用。單獨(dú)使用?！敬鸢复鸢浮緿People in the city _ the lawyer to be the leader of the committee，for they thought he could give a correct order of the city.Avoted against Bvoted onCvoted for Dvoted with【解析解析】考查考查vote的用法。的用法。vote for“投票贊成投票贊成”；vote against“投票反對(duì)投票反對(duì)”；vote on sth.“投

8、票表投票表決決”；沒有；沒有vote with這一結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)合句意，只有這一結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)合句意，只有C項(xiàng)合適。項(xiàng)合適?！敬鸢复鸢浮緾3attack v進(jìn)攻，攻擊；開始，著手；進(jìn)攻，攻擊；開始，著手；(疾病疾病)侵襲，侵襲，侵害侵害n攻擊；進(jìn)攻；病情發(fā)作攻擊；進(jìn)攻；病情發(fā)作(可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞)歸納拓展歸納拓展(1)launch/make an attack on/against.attack.對(duì)對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)進(jìn)攻；襲擊，抨擊發(fā)動(dòng)進(jìn)攻；襲擊，抨擊under attack遭到襲擊遭到襲擊/抨擊抨擊air attack空襲空襲a surprise attack突然襲擊突然襲擊a heart attack心臟病突發(fā)心

9、臟病突發(fā)(2)attack sb.with sth.用用攻擊某人攻擊某人attack sb.for sth.抨擊某人某事抨擊某人某事(3)attacker n攻擊者攻擊者At dawn the army attacked(made an attack on) the town.軍隊(duì)在黎明時(shí)向這座城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)動(dòng)攻擊。軍隊(duì)在黎明時(shí)向這座城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)動(dòng)攻擊。The doctor predicted that the disease that often attacks children would be prevented.醫(yī)生預(yù)言將能預(yù)防這種經(jīng)常侵襲兒童的疾病。醫(yī)生預(yù)言將能預(yù)防這種經(jīng)常侵襲兒童的疾病。The

10、old man suffered a heart attack yesterday.這位老人昨天心臟病發(fā)作了。這位老人昨天心臟病發(fā)作了。【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】After he became conscious，he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod.Ato attack；hit Bto be attacked；to be hitCattacking；be hit Dhaving been attacked；hit【解析解析】句意為：恢復(fù)意識(shí)后，他記得被襲擊了并且句意為：恢復(fù)意識(shí)后，他記得被襲擊了并且頭上被挨了一棍。頭上被挨了一棍。remember

11、 to do sth.“記住要做某事記住要做某事”；remember doing sth.“記著做了某事記著做了某事”。因?yàn)?。因?yàn)閔e與與attack和和hit之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故D項(xiàng)正確。項(xiàng)正確?！敬鸢复鸢浮緿4equal v. 等于；抵得上等于；抵得上adj. 相等的；平等的；勝任相等的；平等的；勝任的；的；n.同等的人；相等物同等的人；相等物歸納拓展歸納拓展A equals B in.A在在方面比得上方面比得上Bbe equal to n/doing sth.勝任某事勝任某事/做某事做某事be without equal/have no equ

12、al無與倫比；無敵無與倫比；無敵(2)equally adv.同等程度地；均等同等程度地；均等equality n平等平等Three plus two equals five.Three plus two is equal to five.3加加2等于等于5。I am not equal to the job.我不能勝任這份工作。我不能勝任這份工作。He equals me in strength but not in intelligence.他和我力氣相當(dāng)，但智力不同。他和我力氣相當(dāng)，但智力不同。Men are born equal and you shouldnt look down u

13、pon others.人人生而平等，你不能輕視別人。人人生而平等，你不能輕視別人。He is a player without equal.他是個(gè)無與倫比的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。他是個(gè)無與倫比的運(yùn)動(dòng)員?！炬溄佑?xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】Mr.Smith doubted whether his daughter would be _ to the job at first，and she proved to be the right person.Aequal Bsimilar Cfamiliar Dcontent【解析解析】be equal to sth.“勝任某事勝任某事”，符合題意。，符合題意。be similar

14、to “與與相似相似”，be familiar to sb.“為某人所熟為某人所熟知知”?！敬鸢复鸢浮緼Everybody has a(n) _ chance.Now，lets see who can do it best.Asame Bequal Cwell Dalike【解析解析】句意為句意為“每個(gè)人都有平等的機(jī)會(huì)每個(gè)人都有平等的機(jī)會(huì)”，而非，而非“同一個(gè)同一個(gè)”，故不用，故不用A。C項(xiàng)多指身體，不作定語，多作表語；項(xiàng)多指身體，不作定語，多作表語；D項(xiàng)作表語。項(xiàng)作表語。【答案答案】B5escape vt.逃避，逃脫，避免逃避，逃脫，避免vi.逃脫，逃跑逃脫，逃跑n逃逃脫；出口脫；出口歸納拓

15、展歸納拓展(1)escape sth./doing sth.逃避某事逃避某事/做某事做某事escape from sb./sth.逃脫，逃走；從逃脫，逃走；從中逃出來中逃出來escape ones notice沒注意沒注意(2)make ones escape逃走逃走a narrow escape九死一生九死一生You are lucky to escape punishment/being punished.你真走運(yùn)，逃過了懲罰。你真走運(yùn)，逃過了懲罰。The driver managed to escape from the burning car.這位司機(jī)終于從燃燒的汽車?yán)锾恿顺鰜?。這位司

16、機(jī)終于從燃燒的汽車?yán)锾恿顺鰜怼he thief made his escape by jumping a car.小偷跳上一輛汽車逃跑了。小偷跳上一輛汽車逃跑了?！炬溄佑?xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】He was a lucky dog，for he narrowly escaped _ by a car yesterday.Akilled BkillingCbeing killed Dfrom killing【解析解析】escape用作用作“逃跑，逃脫逃跑，逃脫”之意時(shí)后接動(dòng)名之意時(shí)后接動(dòng)名詞或名詞作賓語，根據(jù)語境可知此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。詞或名詞作賓語，根據(jù)語境可知此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！敬鸢复鸢浮緾6rewar

17、d n獎(jiǎng)賞，報(bào)酬，酬勞獎(jiǎng)賞，報(bào)酬，酬勞vt.酬勞，獎(jiǎng)賞，報(bào)答酬勞，獎(jiǎng)賞，報(bào)答歸納拓展歸納拓展(1)as a reward for sth.作為對(duì)某事的報(bào)酬作為對(duì)某事的報(bào)酬in reward作為回報(bào)作為回報(bào)(2)reward sb.with sth.for sth.給某人給某人的酬勞來感謝其的酬勞來感謝其做了做了reward sb.for (doing) sth.因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)?做做)某事獎(jiǎng)賞某人某事獎(jiǎng)賞某人He received a title as a reward for his great contribution to the nation.他因?qū)业木薮筘暙I(xiàn)獲得了一個(gè)頭銜。他因?qū)业木?/p>

18、大貢獻(xiàn)獲得了一個(gè)頭銜。He got nothing in reward for his kindness.他并沒有因?yàn)樯埔舛玫綀?bào)酬。他并沒有因?yàn)樯埔舛玫綀?bào)酬。He gave the boy a reward of 1 for bringing back the lost dog.He rewarded the boy with 1 for bringing back the lost dog.他給小男孩一英鎊的賞金作為他帶回走失的狗的酬勞。他給小男孩一英鎊的賞金作為他帶回走失的狗的酬勞?！炬溄佑?xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】He helped her and she _ him with a smile.A

19、gave Bbrought Crewarded Dsaid【解析解析】句意為：他幫助了她，她回報(bào)給他一個(gè)微笑。句意為：他幫助了她，她回報(bào)給他一個(gè)微笑?？疾閯?dòng)詞用法?？疾閯?dòng)詞用法。give sb. sth.，bring sb. sth.，say to sb.，排除，排除A、B、D三項(xiàng)；只有三項(xiàng)；只有reward sb. with sth.結(jié)構(gòu)正確，故選結(jié)構(gòu)正確，故選C項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)?！敬鸢复鸢浮緾1out of work失業(yè)失業(yè)be out of a job(表示狀態(tài)表示狀態(tài))歸納拓展歸納拓展(1)be out of workbe in work(反義詞，表示狀態(tài)反義詞，表示狀態(tài))lose ones j

20、obfind a job(反義詞，表示動(dòng)作反義詞，表示動(dòng)作)(2)out of order混亂，無秩序；有毛病混亂，無秩序；有毛病out of date過時(shí)過時(shí)out of danger脫離危險(xiǎn)脫離危險(xiǎn)out of patience沒有耐心沒有耐心out of ones reach夠不著夠不著out of control 失去控制失去控制out of temper發(fā)脾氣發(fā)脾氣out of breath氣喘吁吁氣喘吁吁out of mind心不在焉心不在焉Work hard，or you will be out of work.好好干，不然你會(huì)失業(yè)的。好好干，不然你會(huì)失業(yè)的。He lost hi

21、s job last week and his wife has been out of work for two months.上周他失業(yè)了，他的妻子也已經(jīng)失業(yè)兩個(gè)月了。上周他失業(yè)了，他的妻子也已經(jīng)失業(yè)兩個(gè)月了。Out of sight, out of mind.諺諺眼不見，心不念。眼不見，心不念?！炬溄佑?xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】You cant find him in the office，for he is _ work today.Maybe he is at home.Aoff BatCout of Din【解析解析】off work“在休班在休班”，習(xí)慣用法。，習(xí)慣用法?！敬鸢复鸢浮緼Youl

22、l have to use the stairs.Im afraid the lift is out of _.Aorder BworkCaction Dtouch【解析解析】out of order “出問題，有故障出問題，有故障”，符合題意。，符合題意。out of work “失業(yè)失業(yè)”?！敬鸢复鸢浮緼2turn to求助于，致力于；翻到求助于，致力于；翻到歸納拓展歸納拓展turn to sb. for help求助某人求助某人turn against背叛背叛turn around轉(zhuǎn)過身，轉(zhuǎn)過來轉(zhuǎn)過身，轉(zhuǎn)過來turn in上交上交turn on打開打開turn off關(guān)掉關(guān)掉turn u

23、p(把音量把音量)開大；出現(xiàn)開大；出現(xiàn)turn down開?。痪芙^開?。痪芙^turn over翻轉(zhuǎn)；翻身翻轉(zhuǎn)；翻身turn out(to be)結(jié)果是；原來是；證明是結(jié)果是；原來是；證明是Nobody seems to understand.I dont know who to turn to.似乎沒有人懂這個(gè)。我不知道該向誰求助似乎沒有人懂這個(gè)。我不知道該向誰求助Turn to page 10，please.請(qǐng)翻到第請(qǐng)翻到第10頁。頁。The job turned out (to be) harder than we thought.這份工作結(jié)果比我們想象得要難。這份工作結(jié)果比我們想象得要難

24、?！炬溄佑?xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】The French pianist who had been praised very highly_ to be a great disappointment.Aturned up Bturned inCturned out Dturned down【解析解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語辨析。turn up“露面；調(diào)大聲露面；調(diào)大聲音音”；turn in“上交上交”；turn out“原來是，結(jié)果原來是，結(jié)果”；turn down“調(diào)小音量等，拒絕調(diào)小音量等，拒絕”。句意為：被高度贊揚(yáng)的法國鋼。句意為：被高度贊揚(yáng)的法國鋼琴家結(jié)果是大失所望。琴家結(jié)果是大失所望?！敬?/p>

25、案答案】C3come to power上臺(tái)，執(zhí)政；當(dāng)權(quán)上臺(tái)，執(zhí)政；當(dāng)權(quán)歸納拓展歸納拓展(1)come to powercome into power當(dāng)權(quán)；上臺(tái)當(dāng)權(quán)；上臺(tái)(2)come to power不可與時(shí)間段狀語連用，如果與時(shí)間段不可與時(shí)間段狀語連用，如果與時(shí)間段連用應(yīng)改為連用應(yīng)改為be in power。(3)be in power握有政權(quán)；當(dāng)權(quán)握有政權(quán)；當(dāng)權(quán)beyond/out of ones power(某人某人)力所不及的力所不及的within ones power(某人某人)力所能及的力所能及的do everything in ones power to do sth.盡全力做某

26、事盡全力做某事The party came to/into power 4 years ago.The party has been in power for 4 years.這個(gè)政黨執(zhí)政有這個(gè)政黨執(zhí)政有4年了。年了。Its beyond /out of my power to help you.我沒有能力幫助你。我沒有能力幫助你。I did everything in my power to help the homeless villagers.我盡力幫助那些無家可歸的村民們。我盡力幫助那些無家可歸的村民們?！炬溄佑?xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】He _ for ten years but still do

27、esnt want to leave office.Ahas been in power Bhas come to powerChas taken office Dcame into power【解析解析】come to/into power和和take office均為短暫性均為短暫性動(dòng)詞短語，不能和一段時(shí)間連用，而動(dòng)詞短語，不能和一段時(shí)間連用，而be in power表狀態(tài)，能表狀態(tài)，能和一段時(shí)間連用，故選和一段時(shí)間連用，故選A?！敬鸢复鸢浮緼4be sentenced to被判處被判處(徒刑徒刑)歸納拓展歸納拓展(1)sentence vt.判決；宣判判決；宣判n判決；句子判決；句子(2

28、)sentence sb.to death/life imprisonment/some time in prison判處某人死刑判處某人死刑/終身監(jiān)禁終身監(jiān)禁/刑期刑期(3)a prison sentence判處監(jiān)禁判處監(jiān)禁a light/heavy sentence輕判輕判/重判重判be under sentence of death被判處死刑被判處死刑He was sentenced to three years in prison.他被判處他被判處3年徒刑。年徒刑。The judge sentenced the prisoner to death.法官判決這名犯人死刑。法官判決這名犯人

29、死刑。The judge passed sentence.法官宣布了判決。法官宣布了判決。【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】_，and Charles felt hopeless.ABecause he was sentenced to deathBAs he was sentenced to deathCSentenced to deathDHe was sentenced to death【解析解析】由由and可知這是并列句，而可知這是并列句，而A、B兩項(xiàng)是原因兩項(xiàng)是原因狀語從句，故被排除；狀語從句，故被排除；C項(xiàng)是過去分詞短語作狀語，不與項(xiàng)是過去分詞短語作狀語，不與and連用；只有連用；只有D項(xiàng)是簡(jiǎn)單

30、句，全句是并列句。項(xiàng)是簡(jiǎn)單句，全句是并列句?！敬鸢复鸢浮緿5I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次我向第一次我向(參觀參觀)小組談?wù)撔〗M談?wù)?羅本島監(jiān)獄的情況羅本島監(jiān)獄的情況)時(shí)，心里時(shí)，心里覺得很不好受。覺得很不好受。the first/second/last time 是名詞短語，但有時(shí)可用作連是名詞短語，但有時(shí)可用作連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“第一次第一次/第二次第二次/最后一最后一次次時(shí)時(shí)”。上面句子中的。上面句子中的 the first time I talked to a group 可

31、換成可換成When I talked to a group for the first time。歸納拓展歸納拓展類似的用法還有：類似的用法還有：every time 每次每次/回回就就each time 每當(dāng)每當(dāng)時(shí)時(shí)next time 下次下次時(shí)時(shí)any time (在在)任何時(shí)間任何時(shí)間(2)有時(shí)副詞也可充當(dāng)連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，它們是：有時(shí)副詞也可充當(dāng)連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，它們是：instantly，immediately，directly 等，都相當(dāng)于等，都相當(dāng)于 as soon as。Every/Each time I was in trouble，he would come t

32、o help me out.每一次我遇到麻煩，他都會(huì)來幫我。每一次我遇到麻煩，他都會(huì)來幫我。The moment I heard the voice，I knew Father was coming.聽到聲音的那一刻，我知道父親來了。聽到聲音的那一刻，我知道父親來了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.男孩一看到媽媽，立刻大哭起來。男孩一看到媽媽，立刻大哭起來?！炬溄佑?xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】_ they visited the Science Museum，they showed great interest in everyth

33、ing they saw.AThe first time BFor the first timeCAt first DAt the first time【解析解析】?jī)蓚€(gè)句子間缺少連詞，而在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只兩個(gè)句子間缺少連詞，而在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有有the first time可用作連詞，意為可用作連詞，意為“當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)谝淮蔚谝淮巍??！敬鸢复鸢浮緼Eric rushed home _ he heard the news，only _ that his wife was gone.Aas soon as；finding Bimmediately；to findCthe moment；find Dwhen；

34、found【解析解析】表示表示“一一就就”可以用可以用as soon as，immediately，the moment；第二個(gè)空；第二個(gè)空only后用不定式作結(jié)果后用不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示意想不到的結(jié)果。狀語表示意想不到的結(jié)果。【答案答案】B關(guān)系副詞以及由關(guān)系副詞以及由“介詞關(guān)系代詞介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句1了解關(guān)系副詞了解關(guān)系副詞when，where和和why引導(dǎo)的定語從句的引導(dǎo)的定語從句的基本用法。基本用法。(1)Mr.Black would never forget the day.On the day he joined the army.以上為兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，第二個(gè)分句

35、中的以上為兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，第二個(gè)分句中的on the day指第一個(gè)指第一個(gè)分句中的分句中的the day，在分句中作時(shí)間狀語。，在分句中作時(shí)間狀語。以上兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句可改為一個(gè)復(fù)合句，即定語從句，其連以上兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句可改為一個(gè)復(fù)合句，即定語從句，其連接詞用關(guān)系副詞接詞用關(guān)系副詞when(表示時(shí)間表示時(shí)間)，其先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間，其先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間的名詞的名詞(如如time，day，hour，year等等)。This was a time when there were still slaves in the USA.這是一個(gè)美國還有奴隸的時(shí)期。這是一個(gè)美國還有奴隸的時(shí)期。(2)在英語中，引導(dǎo)定語

36、從句的關(guān)系副詞還有在英語中，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞還有where(表地表地點(diǎn)，其先行詞往往是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如點(diǎn)，其先行詞往往是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如place，room，house，street，area等等)，why(表示原因，常放在先行詞表示原因，常放在先行詞reason后面后面)。Shanghai is the place where she was born.上海是她的出生地。上海是她的出生地。Is this the reason why he came late?這就是他來晚的原因嗎？這就是他來晚的原因嗎？注意：注意：先行詞當(dāng)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等且在定語從句中不充先行詞當(dāng)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等且

37、在定語從句中不充當(dāng)狀語而作主語或賓語時(shí)，不用當(dāng)狀語而作主語或賓語時(shí)，不用when，where來引導(dǎo)定語從來引導(dǎo)定語從句，要用句，要用which或或that來引導(dǎo)。來引導(dǎo)。2正確選擇關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞正確選擇關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中，關(guān)系詞的選擇主要受先行詞以及關(guān)系詞在定語從句中，關(guān)系詞的選擇主要受先行詞以及關(guān)系詞本身在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞值闹萍s。本身在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞值闹萍s。如果定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，而其后又沒有如果定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，而其后又沒有賓語，或者從句中缺少主語、定語或表語，這時(shí)就要用關(guān)系賓語，或者從句中缺少主語、定語或表語，這時(shí)就要用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)

38、定語從句。如果定語從句中的謂語是不及物動(dòng)詞，代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果定語從句中的謂語是不及物動(dòng)詞，或已有了賓語、定語、主語和表語等成分，就要用關(guān)系副詞或已有了賓語、定語、主語和表語等成分，就要用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)這個(gè)定語從句。引導(dǎo)這個(gè)定語從句。I know a place where we can skate.我知道一個(gè)我們可以滑冰的地方。我知道一個(gè)我們可以滑冰的地方。(作狀語作狀語)I know a place which/that is not far from here.我知道一個(gè)離這兒不遠(yuǎn)的地方。我知道一個(gè)離這兒不遠(yuǎn)的地方。(作主語作主語)3了解了解“介詞關(guān)系代詞介詞關(guān)系代詞which/who

39、m”引導(dǎo)的定語從引導(dǎo)的定語從句句學(xué)習(xí)這種帶介詞的定語從句，要特別注意，介詞后要接學(xué)習(xí)這種帶介詞的定語從句，要特別注意，介詞后要接關(guān)系代詞而不接關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞而不接關(guān)系副詞(因副詞常作狀語，不作賓語因副詞常作狀語，不作賓語)。還要。還要注意介詞之后的關(guān)系代詞只有兩個(gè)：注意介詞之后的關(guān)系代詞只有兩個(gè)：which和和whom，先行詞，先行詞指物用指物用“介詞介詞which”；指人用；指人用“介詞介詞whom”，且兩個(gè)，且兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞均不可省略。關(guān)系代詞均不可省略。介詞的選用必須遵循兩個(gè)原則：定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞介詞的選用必須遵循兩個(gè)原則：定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞與先行詞的搭配；根據(jù)先行詞的特殊用法。與先行

40、詞的搭配；根據(jù)先行詞的特殊用法。In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街上，她找不到一個(gè)可以求助的人。在漆黑的街上，她找不到一個(gè)可以求助的人。該句介詞的選用遵循第個(gè)原則：定語從句中該句介詞的選用遵循第個(gè)原則：定語從句中turn與先與先行詞行詞person搭配形成搭配形成turn to sb.(for help)“向某人求助向某人求助”這個(gè)這個(gè)固定短語。固定短語。The gardener was asked to tell the way in which the po

41、or dog had died.有人要求園丁說明狗是怎么死的。有人要求園丁說明狗是怎么死的。該句介詞的選用遵循第個(gè)原則：以特殊的先行詞引導(dǎo)該句介詞的選用遵循第個(gè)原則：以特殊的先行詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，且從句缺狀語，定語從句，且從句缺狀語，“以以的方式的方式”用用in(this，the) way，故用，故用in which。注意：另外，介詞的選用還要根據(jù)從句與主句的意思搭注意：另外，介詞的選用還要根據(jù)從句與主句的意思搭配。配。My sister graduated from Zhejiang University，after which she went to Britain for further education.我姐姐畢業(yè)浙江大學(xué)，之后去英國深造。我姐姐畢業(yè)浙江大學(xué)，之后去英國深造?！?/p>