高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：四種名詞性從句講解與練習(xí)

1、名詞性從句 名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位從句。 引導(dǎo)詞：主語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中用作主語(yǔ)的從句，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有三類：一是that；二是whether；三是那些可以用作疑問詞的詞語(yǔ)，如what, who, which, when, where, how, why等（一）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞1、連接代詞：who, whose, whom, what, which。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、或定語(yǔ)等。2、連接副詞：when, where, why, how。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成

2、分，作狀語(yǔ)。3、連接詞：that, whether, if, as if。that 無詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時(shí)可省略；if (whether), as if雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。注意：連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句，因而從句中謂語(yǔ)不用疑問式。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當(dāng)句子成分，連接詞whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用。根據(jù)句義，如果連接代詞與連接副詞，whether、if 和as if都用不上時(shí)，才用that作連接詞（that本身無任何含義）。一、主語(yǔ)從句與賓詞從句連詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)相同。只是不能用if, that 不可

3、??；（一）、主語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)句子，在句子中作主語(yǔ)成分。（二），主語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)1.與賓語(yǔ)從句使用同樣的連接詞，只是if 不能用；1）、陳述句用that。2）、一般疑問句用whether。3）、特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等詞引導(dǎo)。2.經(jīng)常隱身（以it為形式主語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)）。例句：1.Its true that the earth is round. That the earth is round is true.2. 表是否的意思時(shí)，不能用if代替whether. It hasnt been decided whether hell

4、 come or not. Whether hell come or not hasnt been decided.3. 從句語(yǔ)序?yàn)橹髦^賓正常語(yǔ)序。 Why didnt he come? Why he didnt come is not known.練習(xí)：1._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A. while B. that C. if D. for 3.When and why

5、he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not known4. _ Tom liked to eat was different from _.A. Thatthat you had expected B. What that you had expectedC. Thatwhat you had expected D. Whatwhat you had expected5._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do

6、 B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does6.It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that7.Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how8._ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which9._ you d

7、ont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether10._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where11._he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This12._you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether13._team

8、 will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How14._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 二、同位語(yǔ)從句（1） 、含義1、在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句稱為同位語(yǔ)從句；所用連詞與賓語(yǔ)從句（除不能用if）和主語(yǔ)從句相同2、連詞1）、陳述句用that。2）、一般疑問句用whether。3）、特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞what, which, who

9、,when, where, why, how 等詞引導(dǎo)。3、常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, order, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion,等抽象名詞后面，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語(yǔ)從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系，對(duì)其內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步說明。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們

10、比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。析：they had won the game說明The news的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此該句為同位語(yǔ)從句。（二）、運(yùn)用1.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義完整，用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。（that 不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用）例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.將軍下達(dá)了戰(zhàn)士們立即過河的命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部?jī)?nèi)容，且意義完整，因此應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。2.如

11、一般疑問句whether做同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞，譯成是否（if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句）。例：Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否會(huì)如期舉行的問題。 析：the sports meeting will be held on time一般疑問句做同位語(yǔ)從句，原句為：Will the sports meeting be held on time?3.如同位語(yǔ)是特殊疑問句做同位語(yǔ)從句，連詞就應(yīng)用when, where, how等疑問詞引導(dǎo)例1：I have no idea when

12、 he will be back. 例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 4.當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)較短，而同位語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)從句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想到敵人可能已經(jīng)逃出城了。（3） 、同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別: 同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句相似，都放在某一名詞或代詞后面，但同位語(yǔ)從句不同于定語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞加以補(bǔ)充說明，是名詞全部?jī)?nèi)容的體現(xiàn)，且名詞和同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞均不在從句中作成分；定語(yǔ)

13、從句說明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，且名詞和定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在從句中作成分。 區(qū)分時(shí)可以在先行詞與與從句之間加一個(gè)系動(dòng)詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)新句子，如果句子通順且符合邏輯，則為同位語(yǔ)從句，反之，則為定語(yǔ)從句。如：The report that he was going to resign was false. 他將辭職的傳聞是假的。因?yàn)閠he report was that he was going to resign 句意通順，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位語(yǔ)從句。 例1. Information has been put forw

14、ard _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海) A.while B.that C.when D.as 2. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward. A.what B.that C.when D.as 3. She heard a terrible noise,_ b

15、rought her heart into her mouth.(MET91) A.it B.which C.this D.that 練習(xí)：1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when 3.I have no idea _ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./ 4.The thoug

16、ht _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.which C.what D.that 5.The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B.whether C.that D.what 6.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A.whether B.where C.that D.when 三、表語(yǔ)從句1、定義用作表語(yǔ)的從句叫作表語(yǔ)從句，它位于主句中的連系動(dòng)詞之后。2、引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從

17、句的詞有從屬連詞（所用連詞與賓語(yǔ)從句（除不能用if）和主語(yǔ)從句相同、同位語(yǔ)從句相同），不同之處還可用because, as if ; as though引導(dǎo)。1）、陳述句用that。2）、一般疑問句用whether。3）、特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞what, which, who,when, where, why, how, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等詞引導(dǎo)。3、That引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在口語(yǔ)中，間或可以省略。The trouble is that we are short of money. 困難是我們資金短缺。That is w

18、hy stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. 這就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因。At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow.當(dāng)時(shí),我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃怼?、陳述句做表語(yǔ)從句連詞that，that在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)無詞義。一般疑問句用whether引導(dǎo)，whether有詞義，意為、“是否”。這時(shí)主句的主語(yǔ)常常是些抽象名詞，如question(問題)，trouble(麻煩)，probl

19、em(問題)，result(結(jié)果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建議)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表語(yǔ)從句對(duì)主句主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行說明、解釋，使主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容具體化。The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻煩的事是他丟了錢。The question is whether we need more ice cream.問題是我們是否還要一些冰淇淋。The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了。What she couldnt

20、 understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 我們不能理解越來越少的學(xué)生對(duì)他的課不感興趣。5、由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，疑問代詞不能省略。The question is which of us should go.問題是我們哪一個(gè)應(yīng)該去。The problem was who could do the work

21、.問題是誰能做這項(xiàng)工作。Thats what he is worrying about.那就是他在擔(dān)心的事。Thats what we should do.那是我們應(yīng)該做的。Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 去把雨衣拿來。就在你原來放的地方。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I got wet through. 我們既沒傘也沒雨衣，這是我們淋濕的原因。That is what he is worried about.那就是他所擔(dān)心的。6、由連詞because, as i

22、f/as though等引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。It looked as if it was going to snow.看起來好像要下雪了。Thats because we never thought of it.這是因?yàn)槲覀儚奈聪脒^此事。練習(xí)1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2. The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3The problem is _to take the place of manager.A. who c