商務(wù)英語翻譯(一)

1、Intro to Business Translation商務(wù)英語的內(nèi)涵商務(wù)英語的內(nèi)涵商務(wù)英語（Business English）屬于英語的一種社會功能變體，是專門用途英語（ English for Specific Purposes）的一個分支，是英語在國際商務(wù)活動領(lǐng)域中的具體應(yīng)用.而專門用途英語又可分為兩類（Munby 1978）：以學(xué)術(shù)為目的的英語（English for Academic Purpose）指用以完成學(xué)業(yè)或進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)研究、交流所使用的英語，學(xué)術(shù)性較強(qiáng)；以職業(yè)為目的的英語（English for Occupation Purposes）指從事某一行業(yè)工作所使用的英語，實用性、

2、專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)。商務(wù)英語的特點商務(wù)英語的特點1.1.商務(wù)英語文體復(fù)雜商務(wù)英語文體復(fù)雜2.2.用詞專業(yè)用詞專業(yè)( (具有商務(wù)含義的普通詞、復(fù)合詞以及具有商務(wù)含義的普通詞、復(fù)合詞以及縮略詞語縮略詞語) )。如：。如：價格常用術(shù)語FOB 、CIF、C.W.O 定貨付款（cash with order）；B/L 提貨單；L/C 信用證；C.O.D 貨到付現(xiàn)（cash on delivery）；blue chip 藍(lán)籌股、績優(yōu)股；bad debt 呆賬。3.表達(dá)平實易懂、正式規(guī)范、簡短達(dá)意。盡量多使用常用詞語，如用approval而不用approbation；用improve而不用ameliorate。就商

3、務(wù)文書（如合同、信用證、諒解備忘錄等）而言，英語這些文書具有規(guī)范、約束鞥公文性質(zhì)，因此，在這些文書中要使用一些非常正式、非常冷僻的大詞或者較古的短語，如使用prior to或previous to而不使用before；使用expiry而不使用end；使用certify而不使用prove；使用solicit而不使用seek等。在動詞的使用方面，多用正式的單個動詞而較少使用小巧的盎格魯-撒克遜本土語的常用動詞或者“動詞+介詞/副詞”或“動詞+名詞+介詞”等動詞短語，如從事國際商務(wù)活動的人們傾向于使用appoint而不使用make an appointment of；使用continue而不使用ke

4、ep on或者go on；使用supplement而不使用add to等。以繁復(fù)的介詞短語來替代簡單的介詞和連詞，如使用in the nature of來替代like；用along the lines of 來替代like；用for the purpose of來替代for；用in the case of 來替代if；用in the event that / of來替代if；用on the grounds that來替代since/because；用with reference to和with regard to來替代about等等。商務(wù)英語中不使用俚語或粗俗用詞。4. 一詞多義。Concer

5、n lingers that the banks could experience a shortfall in capitalcapital in the future.The bank is expected to allocate part of the capitalcapital to repay its debts.The major four banks view the reduction in capitalcapital as necessary to help prevent Daieis stock price from plunging.5.在商務(wù)合同性質(zhì)以外的商務(wù)文

6、體中，所使用的句子通常簡潔、縝密、準(zhǔn)確。而在商務(wù)合同性質(zhì)的文本中，句子結(jié)構(gòu)則通常非常復(fù)雜、句式非常規(guī)范、文體非常正式，尤其在投標(biāo)文件和招標(biāo)文件以及商務(wù)合同中更是如此。比較：By making it possible to accumulate corporate knowledge in an information system linking computer to computer and business process to business process, intranets allow disparate corporate knowledge to be collected

7、in one “virtual” place.As the banks undertaking will be replacing that of the importer, the bank will treat this as an application for credit and will give consideration to setting up a “l(fā)ine of credit” in the same way as if it were an application for a loan. If the “l(fā)ine” is granted or has already

8、been arranged, the importer completes an “Application for Commercial Credit” in which he gives full details of the Credit he requires.As the banks undertaking will be replacing that of the importer, the bank will treat this as an application for credit and will give consideration to setting up a “l(fā)i

9、ne of credit” in the same way as if it were an application for a loan. If the “l(fā)ine” is granted or has already been arranged, the importer completes an “Application for Commercial Credit” in which he gives full details of the Credit he requires.6. 陳述事實時往往具體、明確，不會含糊其辭，以確保語言無歧義。例如，商務(wù)英語中不說“We wish to c

10、onfirm our telex dispatched yesterday”，而要說“We wish to confirm our telex of July 2nd, 2011”。7. 在國際商務(wù)英語應(yīng)用文特別是國際商務(wù)信函中，禮貌性非常重要。例如2，：In reply to your enquiry of November 10, we we are really sorry to sayare really sorry to say that we cannot divulge any of our sales information. We We hope this will not

11、bring you too much hope this will not bring you too much inconvenienceinconvenience.商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嚴(yán)復(fù)的“信、達(dá)、雅”被公認(rèn)為翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其影響深遠(yuǎn)。它對商務(wù)英語的翻譯同樣有指導(dǎo)作用，商務(wù)英語要求語言嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、準(zhǔn)確就要做到“信”，同時在“信”的基礎(chǔ)上追求“達(dá)、雅”。翻譯“三原則”。英國的泰勒（Alexander Fraser Tyler, 1747-1814）在其所著的論翻譯的原則（Essay on the Principles of Translation）一書中提出的著名的“三原則”：譯文應(yīng)完全復(fù)寫出原作的思

12、想；譯文的風(fēng)格和筆調(diào)應(yīng)與原文的性質(zhì)相同；譯文應(yīng)和原文同樣流暢。“功能對等”?！肮δ軐Φ取保‵unctional Equivalence）翻譯準(zhǔn)則是由美國著名翻譯家尤金奈達(dá)（Eugene A . Nida）博士提出的。在眾多的國外翻譯家中，奈達(dá)的翻譯理論可以說對我國的影響最大。他認(rèn)為，翻譯的預(yù)期目的主要是原文與譯文在信息內(nèi)容、說話方式、文體、風(fēng)格、語言、文化、社會因素諸方面達(dá)到對等。奈達(dá)的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)觀對國際商務(wù)英語的翻譯具有巨大的指導(dǎo)意義，“語義翻譯”與“交際翻譯”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由著名英國翻譯家彼特紐馬克（Peter Newmark）提出。他在所著的翻譯探索（Approach to Translation）

13、收集的論文中提出該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。交際翻譯側(cè)重信息產(chǎn)生的效果，語義翻譯側(cè)重信息內(nèi)容。由此看來，紐馬克的交際翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更適用于國際商務(wù)英語翻譯?！胺g等值”。加拿大翻譯家讓德利爾教授在其著作翻譯理論與翻譯教學(xué)法一書中指出：“代碼轉(zhuǎn)譯是確立詞的一致關(guān)系；翻譯是尋求信息的等值?！彼谠摃暮蟀氩糠种刑岬健霸~義等值”、“語言等值”等是“代碼等值”的同義詞，“意義等值”、“語境等值”、“信息等值”等是“翻譯等值”的同義詞。德利爾教授的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對商務(wù)英語翻譯具有很大的指導(dǎo)意義，對商務(wù)英語翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定很有參考價值。商務(wù)英語翻譯的原則ABCFAccuracy 準(zhǔn)確Brevity 簡潔Clarity 明晰Flexibil

14、ity 靈活A(yù)ccuracyFinance ministers and business leaders at the World Economic Forum are showing surprisingly little concernsurprisingly little concern over the the soaring euro and the tumbling dollarsoaring euro and the tumbling dollar.譯文：在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇上，各國財政部長及產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)袖們對于一直在飆升的歐元以及不斷下挫的美元一直在飆升的歐元以及不斷下挫的美元表現(xiàn)出令人吃

15、驚的冷漠態(tài)度令人吃驚的冷漠態(tài)度。BrevityBrevity is the soul of wisdom.As part of the plan to bolster its financial standing, the struggling life insurer will seek capital injection of about 100 million dollars from financial institutions. 譯文一：這家經(jīng)營有困難的壽險公司，將從金融機(jī)構(gòu)尋求現(xiàn)金增資一億美元，作為計劃提升財務(wù)狀況的一部分。譯文二：作為提升財務(wù)狀況計劃的一部分，這家在競爭中求生存的

16、壽險公司將從金融機(jī)構(gòu)尋求約一億美元的資本注入。clarityMarketingMarketing occurs when people decide to satisfy needs and wants through exchange. Exchange is the act of of obtaining a desired object from someone by offering obtaining a desired object from someone by offering something in returnsomething in return. ExchangeEx

17、change is only one of many ways people can obtain a desired object.As a means of satisfying needsAs a means of satisfying needs, exchange has much in its favor. People do not have to prey on others do not have to prey on others or depend on donations. NorNor must they possess the possess the skills

18、to produce every necessityskills to produce every necessity. They can concentrate on making things they are good at makingmaking things they are good at making and trade them trade them for needed items made by others. ThusThus, exchange allows a society to produce much more than it would with any a

19、lternative systemwith any alternative system.Exchange is the core concept of marketing. For an For an exchange to take placeexchange to take place, several conditions must be satisfied. Of course, at least two parties must Of course, at least two parties must participateparticipate, and each must ha

20、ve something of value must have something of value to the otherto the other. Each party also must want to deal with want to deal with the other party the other party and each must be free to accept or to accept or reject the others offerreject the others offer. Finally, each party must be able to co

21、mmunicate and deliverbe able to communicate and deliver.當(dāng)人們決定通過交換來滿足各種需求和欲望時，買買賣賣就出現(xiàn)了。交換是指從他人那里獲取所需之物并獲取所需之物并以提供某物作為回報以提供某物作為回報的行為。交換只是人們獲取所需物品的眾多方式之一。作為滿足各種需求的方式作為滿足各種需求的方式，交換具備較多優(yōu)點：人們不必再占他人的便宜不必再占他人的便宜或者依賴他人的施舍，也不也不必具備各種技術(shù)生產(chǎn)每一種必需品必具備各種技術(shù)生產(chǎn)每一種必需品。這樣，他們就可以專心生產(chǎn)自己最擅長生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)自己最擅長生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品，然后用以換換取取他人生產(chǎn)的自己所需

22、物品。可以說可以說，交換就可以比運用其他任何方式比運用其他任何方式更能使得整個社會生產(chǎn)出更多的產(chǎn)品。交換式營銷的核心概念。要產(chǎn)生交換要產(chǎn)生交換，就必須滿足幾個條件。最重要的就是，至少須由兩方參與交換最重要的就是，至少須由兩方參與交換，一方必須具備對于另一方來說有價值的產(chǎn)品具備對于另一方來說有價值的產(chǎn)品；一方還必須具有同另一方交換的愿望具有同另一方交換的愿望；一方必須具備接具備接受或拒絕另一方買賣受或拒絕另一方買賣的自由；最后，各方必須具備具備溝通和送貨的能力溝通和送貨的能力。FlexibilityWe continue to make essential investments in our

23、drive for more competitive products and services, delivered on ever shorter cycles.由于一心想著要提供周期更短、競爭力更強(qiáng)的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，我們就不斷進(jìn)行著各種基礎(chǔ)的投資。Huge investment costs, such as those for developing environmental-friendly technology, have made it difficult for an automaker to survive competition on its own.譯文：巨額的投資成本，比如用

24、于開發(fā)環(huán)境保護(hù)技術(shù)的投資成本，已經(jīng)使得汽車制造業(yè)者很難獨立地在競爭中生存。商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)商務(wù)信函的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：禮貌得體，忠實通順商務(wù)廣告的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：新穎別致，功能等效商品說明書的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：簡潔通順，客觀規(guī)范商務(wù)合同類語篇的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：忠實通順，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)規(guī)范商務(wù)信函的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：禮貌得體，忠實通順Our prices already make full allowance for large orders and, as I am sure you know, we operate in a highly competitive market in which we have been forced

25、to cut our prices to the minimum.我方報價已充分考慮到大宗訂貨的因素。相信貴方一定清楚，我方是在競爭十分激烈的市場上經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)，迫于市場壓力，我方已將價格降至最低。商務(wù)廣告的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：新穎別致，功能等效1898年美國廣告學(xué)家劉易斯提出商務(wù)廣告AIDMA法則 Attention 引起注意Interest 激起興趣Desire 產(chǎn)生欲望Memory 便于記憶Action 付諸行動Spoil yourself but not your figure.Every time a good time. （麥當(dāng)勞廣告）Gold Lion for Men OnlyIn touch with tomorrowTake Toshiba, take the world. （東芝電器廣告）Apple thinks different. (Apple Computer)您可盡情享用，卻不增加體重。/ 有口福，不發(fā)福。分分秒秒，歡聚歡笑。 / 每一次光臨，都是好心情。金利來，男人的世界。展望明天，擁有了東芝便擁有了世界。蘋果電腦，不同凡“想”。商