外研版必修三第四單元語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)解析

1、Language Points major （1）adj. (數(shù)量、大小、程度等數(shù)量、大小、程度等)較較大的，較多的，較大范圍的；主要大的，較多的，較大范圍的；主要的，重要的；嚴(yán)重的的，重要的；嚴(yán)重的（2）n. 主修科目；專業(yè)；主修某主修科目；專業(yè)；主修某專業(yè)的學(xué)生專業(yè)的學(xué)生 （3）vi. 主修主修 (常與常與in連用連用)1、a major disaster 一個(gè)主要災(zāi)害【語(yǔ)境展示【語(yǔ)境展示】 1) The major part of the audience began laughing. 大部分觀眾笑了起來(lái)。大部分觀眾笑了起來(lái)。2) The road to be completed ne

2、xt week will be a major transport line for the city. 下周要完工的這條公路將成為該城市的下周要完工的這條公路將成為該城市的主要交通線。主要交通線。3) They suffered some major setbacks during the fighting. 他們?cè)谶@次戰(zhàn)斗中遭受了嚴(yán)重的挫折。他們?cè)谶@次戰(zhàn)斗中遭受了嚴(yán)重的挫折。4). He is a history major. / His major is history. 他是主修歷史的學(xué)生。他是主修歷史的學(xué)生。/ 他的專業(yè)是他的專業(yè)是歷史。歷史。5). She majored in p

3、hilosophy when she was studying at Harvard. 在哈佛上大學(xué)時(shí)，她主修哲學(xué)。在哈佛上大學(xué)時(shí)，她主修哲學(xué)。2、Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it. 科學(xué)家們已嘗試過(guò)許多方法解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，在中國(guó)，一場(chǎng)大規(guī)模的幫助解決沙塵暴問(wèn)題的行動(dòng)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。 句型:(1)help sb.(to)do (2)help(to)do3、 “To have been caught i

4、n a sandstorm was a terrible experience,” he said. “遭遇沙塵暴是一種可怕的經(jīng)歷，” 他說(shuō)。 （1）不定式的完成被動(dòng)式“to have been caughtin a sandstorm”作句子的主語(yǔ)。 （2）be caught in 遭遇 eg.I was caught in the rain.我被雨淋了。 (3）不定式的一般形式所表示的動(dòng)作，通常與主要謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)發(fā)生或是在它之后發(fā)生；假如不定式所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）之前發(fā)生，不定式就要用完成式。 I am glad to have seen your mot

5、her.(= I am glad I have seen your mother.) I am glad to see you.比較：比較：catch up with 趕上趕上catch hold of 抓住抓住catch fire 著火著火catch sight of 看見(jiàn)看見(jiàn) catch短語(yǔ)4、“There was nothing to be done. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation Ive ever been in. You just had to hope youd survive. I tho

6、ught I was going to disappear under the sand.”(1)There was nothing to be done. 毫無(wú)辦法。 There was nothing to do. 沒(méi)事可做。 (2) situation n. 位置位置,地位地位,形勢(shì)形勢(shì),情況情況,處境處境這個(gè)房子的地點(diǎn)很好。這個(gè)房子的地點(diǎn)很好。The house has a fine situation.形勢(shì)非常復(fù)雜。形勢(shì)非常復(fù)雜。The situation was complicated.*政治局勢(shì)政治局勢(shì) political situation*經(jīng)濟(jì)局勢(shì)經(jīng)濟(jì)局勢(shì) economic

7、situation (3)survive vt.& vi. 活下來(lái)，幸存，保存下來(lái)活下來(lái)，幸存，保存下來(lái) 洪水過(guò)后，幸存者極少。洪水過(guò)后，幸存者極少。 Few survived after the flood.1 類似的形容詞還有類似的形容詞還有:exciting, interesting, disappointing, puzzling, surprising, shocking, astonishing, moving, amusing, boring, encouraging, delighting, inspiring, pleasing, tiring, worrying 等等. （

8、4）frightening 令人害怕的令人害怕的,令人恐怖的令人恐怖的frightfrightenfrighteningfrightenedfrightfuln.驚嚇 v.使害怕 adj.嚇人的 adv.害怕的 adj.可怕的類似的還有類似的還有:excited, interested, disappointed, puzzled, surprised, shocked, astonished, moved, amused, bored, encouraged, delighted, inspired, pleased, tired, worried等。等。2 與與frightening 對(duì)應(yīng)

9、的形容詞是對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞是 frightened “感到害怕的感到害怕的, 感到恐懼的感到恐懼的”鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)1. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring 由于由于Mr. Smith對(duì)那個(gè)對(duì)那個(gè)令人厭煩令人厭煩的演講的演講感到厭倦感到厭倦，他開(kāi)始讀起了小說(shuō)。，他開(kāi)始讀起了小說(shuō)。2. Its believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the

10、 readers. A. interested, interest B. interesting, be interested C. interested, be interesting D. interesting, interest 人們認(rèn)為要是一本書(shū)人們認(rèn)為要是一本書(shū)有趣有趣的話，那么它的話，那么它肯定會(huì)肯定會(huì)使使讀者讀者感興趣感興趣。3. The headmaster is really annoyed! Look at his _ look. A. frightened B. frightening C. fright D. frighten校長(zhǎng)真的生氣了！看看他校長(zhǎng)真的生氣了！看看

11、他讓人害怕讓人害怕的的表情表情5、part of .的一部分 eg. He walked part of the way home with me. There is but one China and Taiwan is part of China.6、Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”. “沙漠化”導(dǎo)致沙塵暴近幾年在中國(guó)似乎有所增加. appear vi. (1)出現(xiàn)、呈現(xiàn)、顯現(xiàn) (2)顯得、看來(lái)、似乎 A bus appeared aro

12、und the corner. They appeared not to know what was happening. She appeared to be in her late thirties.7、This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because beople cut down trees and dig up grass. 這是由于氣候變化和人類砍伐樹(shù)木、鏟除草皮而使土地變成沙漠的一個(gè)過(guò)程。 This is a process that hap

13、pens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass. = Because of climate changes, trees being cut down and grass being dug up, land becomes desert and desertification happens. cut down【語(yǔ)境展示【語(yǔ)境展示】1) Most of the trees are being cut down and the

14、forest is in danger of disappearing. 大部分樹(shù)正在被砍倒，這個(gè)森林面臨著消大部分樹(shù)正在被砍倒，這個(gè)森林面臨著消 失的危險(xiǎn)。失的危險(xiǎn)。2) We must cut down our expenses. 我們必須縮減我們的開(kāi)支。我們必須縮減我們的開(kāi)支。3) Youd better cut the article down to about 2,000 words.你最好能把這篇文章壓縮到兩千字左右。你最好能把這篇文章壓縮到兩千字左右?！究偨Y(jié)歸納【總結(jié)歸納】cut down 砍倒；削減，縮減；減少砍倒；削減，縮減；減少【拓展【拓展】cut in 插話插話cut u

15、p 切碎切碎cut off 切斷切斷(電，氣，水，電話等電，氣，水，電話等)【即學(xué)即練】【即學(xué)即練】 用以上所學(xué)用以上所學(xué)cut短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng) 形式填空。形式填空。1. When he failed to pay this bill, the company _ his electricity.2. He always _ the pizza before he eats it.3. Its impolite to _ when other people are talking.4. _ too many trees without planting some will make the

16、 environment worse.cut offcut upcut inCutting down8. The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see. 本句中含有一個(gè)本句中含有一個(gè)make復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：make + it + adj. + to do。在。在makes it difficult to see 中，中，it是形式賓語(yǔ)，形容詞是形式賓語(yǔ)，形容詞difficult 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)語(yǔ),

17、 不定式短語(yǔ)不定式短語(yǔ)to see作真正的賓語(yǔ)。常用于作真正的賓語(yǔ)。常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞還有：這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞還有：think, find, believe, feel, suppose等；用作真正賓語(yǔ)的可以是動(dòng)等；用作真正賓語(yǔ)的可以是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞詞不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式和從句。形式和從句。 如：如：We found it difficult to get along with him.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)與他相處很難。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)與他相處很難。We thought it wrong wasting our time.我們認(rèn)為浪費(fèi)我們的時(shí)間是不對(duì)的。我們認(rèn)為浪費(fèi)我們的時(shí)間是不對(duì)的。He found it

18、strange that no one else had arrived.他發(fā)現(xiàn)奇怪的是沒(méi)有其他人來(lái)。他發(fā)現(xiàn)奇怪的是沒(méi)有其他人來(lái)。9. forecast( fore-構(gòu)成名詞和動(dòng)詞“預(yù)先”，cast “描述” forename名字 foresee 預(yù)見(jiàn) foretell預(yù)言 forewarn 預(yù)先告誡 )【語(yǔ)境展示【語(yǔ)境展示】1) Experts are forecasting a fall in unemployment. 專家預(yù)測(cè)失業(yè)人數(shù)將下降。專家預(yù)測(cè)失業(yè)人數(shù)將下降。2) The report forecasts that prices will rise by 3% next mont

19、h. 報(bào)告預(yù)測(cè)下月物價(jià)將上漲報(bào)告預(yù)測(cè)下月物價(jià)將上漲3%。3) He is forecasting what the weather will be like tomorrow. 他在預(yù)測(cè)明天會(huì)是什么天氣。他在預(yù)測(cè)明天會(huì)是什么天氣。4) The weather forecast says it will be fine tomorrow. 天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)明天將是晴天。天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)明天將是晴天?！究偨Y(jié)歸納【總結(jié)歸納】forecast vt. 預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)測(cè), 預(yù)報(bào)，后可以跟名詞或從句。預(yù)報(bào)，后可以跟名詞或從句。n. 預(yù)報(bào)預(yù)報(bào), 預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)測(cè), 預(yù)料預(yù)料注意注意：forecast的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞有的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分

20、詞有兩種形式，即兩種形式，即forecast, forecast和和forecasted, forecasted。10. When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. adviseadvise用作動(dòng)詞，表示用作動(dòng)詞，表示“勸告；建議；通知?jiǎng)窀?；建議；通知”，常，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)： 建議做某事：建議做某事：advise doing sth.advise doing sth. 建議某人做某事：建議某人做某事：advise sb.to do sth.advise sb.

21、to do sth. 建議（某人）別做某事：建議（某人）別做某事： advise (sb.) against sth.advise (sb.) against sth. advice (sb.)against doing sth. advice (sb.)against doing sth. advise sb.not to do sth. advise sb.not to do sth. advise + that advise + that從句從句 從句要采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句要采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“should + should + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形” 或或“動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”* preven

22、tfrom doing 阻止、防止阻止、防止干干 大雨使他們不能按時(shí)到達(dá)那里。大雨使他們不能按時(shí)到達(dá)那里。 The heavy rain prevented them from getting there on time.* prevent(from) doing = stop (from) doing/keepfrom doing 疾病使他無(wú)法上學(xué)。疾病使他無(wú)法上學(xué)。 His illness kept him from going to school. Sorry to keep you waiting so long.11、to prevent it coming nearer,. 為阻止沙漠的逼近為阻止沙漠的逼近.課文短語(yǔ)翻譯課文短語(yǔ)翻譯一個(gè)接一個(gè)的一個(gè)接一個(gè)的突然遭遇突然遭遇照料照料, 照看照看建議某人干某事建議某人干某事幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)的結(jié)果的結(jié)果one after another be caught in look after advise sb. to do sth as a result of for centuries 蘇