lecture 6 長(zhǎng)句的翻譯

1、第六章第六章 長(zhǎng)句的翻譯長(zhǎng)句的翻譯 o 英語(yǔ)中后置定語(yǔ)、各種短語(yǔ)和復(fù)雜包孕結(jié)構(gòu)英語(yǔ)中后置定語(yǔ)、各種短語(yǔ)和復(fù)雜包孕結(jié)構(gòu)（complex embedding）較多，往往）較多，往往形成長(zhǎng)句結(jié)構(gòu)，一句話可以表達(dá)多層意思；形成長(zhǎng)句結(jié)構(gòu)，一句話可以表達(dá)多層意思；漢語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)是短句多，多層意思往往通過(guò)多個(gè)漢語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)是短句多，多層意思往往通過(guò)多個(gè)短句來(lái)表達(dá)。因此在英譯漢時(shí)有必要采用拆短句來(lái)表達(dá)。因此在英譯漢時(shí)有必要采用拆句譯法。句譯法。 使用長(zhǎng)句結(jié)構(gòu)是英語(yǔ)科技文章的使用長(zhǎng)句結(jié)構(gòu)是英語(yǔ)科技文章的特點(diǎn)之一，掌握長(zhǎng)句翻譯技巧對(duì)科技翻譯尤特點(diǎn)之一，掌握長(zhǎng)句翻譯技巧對(duì)科技翻譯尤為重要。為重要。一、長(zhǎng)句翻譯的步驟（一、長(zhǎng)句翻

2、譯的步驟（process）1.理解理解 （comprehension）o (1) Find out the trunk through condensing the whole sentence.o (2) Be sure of the main and subordinate clauses, modifiers and the elements they modify.o (3) Sort out the arrangement of ideas, judging the train of logical thinking.（二）表達(dá)（二）表達(dá) (expression)o (4) Disc

3、riminate the meaning of words.o (5) Arrange the sentence in conformity with Chinese syntax.o (6) Polish words and phrases, having every word carefully weighed in consideration of the style of the original.二、二、 長(zhǎng)句翻譯技巧（長(zhǎng)句翻譯技巧（techniques）o 1. 包含包含 (embedding)o 將定語(yǔ)前置，保留原有的長(zhǎng)句將定語(yǔ)前置，保留原有的長(zhǎng)句“復(fù)雜復(fù)雜”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)。漢語(yǔ)具有一

4、定的彈性和包容性，所以并非。漢語(yǔ)具有一定的彈性和包容性，所以并非一概不能使用長(zhǎng)句。但這種翻譯技巧不宜多一概不能使用長(zhǎng)句。但這種翻譯技巧不宜多用。用。1) This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party.Winston S Churchill 這不是一場(chǎng)階級(jí)之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)這不是一場(chǎng)階級(jí)之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),而是一場(chǎng)而是一場(chǎng)不分種族、不分種族、不分信仰、不分黨派

5、、整個(gè)大英帝國(guó)及英聯(lián)邦全不分信仰、不分黨派、整個(gè)大英帝國(guó)及英聯(lián)邦全體成員國(guó)無(wú)不參加的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)體成員國(guó)無(wú)不參加的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。o 丘吉爾丘吉爾2. 切分法切分法 （cutting）通過(guò)化整為零，將長(zhǎng)句譯成幾個(gè)獨(dú)立的短句，通過(guò)化整為零，將長(zhǎng)句譯成幾個(gè)獨(dú)立的短句，但要注意保持語(yǔ)義的連貫。但要注意保持語(yǔ)義的連貫。1) The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads, which include the weights of all the parts of the structure, and live loads, which

6、are due to the weights of people, movable equipment, etc. 一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)物承受的荷載分為靜載與活載兩類。靜一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)物承受的荷載分為靜載與活載兩類。靜載包括該結(jié)構(gòu)物本部分的重量?；钶d則是由于載包括該結(jié)構(gòu)物本部分的重量。活載則是由于人及可移動(dòng)設(shè)備等的重量而引起的荷載。人及可移動(dòng)設(shè)備等的重量而引起的荷載。o 2) In any case, when jeans were ready for a risorgimento in the 1960s, they already carried an enormous mythic significanc

7、e. To a generation that believed a massive military-industrial complex was brutalizing the American dream, jean symbolized a return to the friendlier, simpler values of the frontier, where each man had control over his own life, and where people cooperated to surviveo 總之，當(dāng)牛仔褲在六十年代將成為勢(shì)不可擋總之，當(dāng)牛仔褲在六十年代

8、將成為勢(shì)不可擋的風(fēng)尚之時(shí)，具有一種神話般的巨大意義。的風(fēng)尚之時(shí)，具有一種神話般的巨大意義。在六十年代的青年看來(lái)，軍工聯(lián)合企業(yè)的興在六十年代的青年看來(lái)，軍工聯(lián)合企業(yè)的興盛，摧毀了美國(guó)的夢(mèng)想，而牛仔褲則是回到盛，摧毀了美國(guó)的夢(mèng)想，而牛仔褲則是回到西部開(kāi)拓時(shí)期那種淳樸友善的價(jià)值觀念的象西部開(kāi)拓時(shí)期那種淳樸友善的價(jià)值觀念的象征；那時(shí)，人人都能主宰自己的命運(yùn)，并為征；那時(shí)，人人都能主宰自己的命運(yùn)，并為生存而風(fēng)雨同舟生存而風(fēng)雨同舟3. 變序法（變序法（reversing) o 譯者可以打亂原句的語(yǔ)序，兼顧原文的邏輯譯者可以打亂原句的語(yǔ)序，兼顧原文的邏輯和漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，層層展開(kāi)，突出重點(diǎn)。和漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣

9、，層層展開(kāi)，突出重點(diǎn)。1）The reason that a neutral body is attracted by a charged body is that, although the neutral body is neutral within itself, it is not neutral with respect to the charged body, and the two bodies act as if oppositely charged when brought near each other. 雖然中性物體本身是不帶電的，但對(duì)于帶電體來(lái)說(shuō)，它雖然中性物體本身是不

10、帶電的，但對(duì)于帶電體來(lái)說(shuō)，它并非中性；當(dāng)這兩個(gè)物體彼此接近時(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生極并非中性；當(dāng)這兩個(gè)物體彼此接近時(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生極性相反的電荷的作用。這就是中性物體被帶電體吸性相反的電荷的作用。這就是中性物體被帶電體吸引的原因。引的原因。o 2) I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a total stranger with the announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky, till ano

11、ther boat came in to take me to the port for which I was bound.o 我要去見(jiàn)一個(gè)素不相識(shí)的陌生人，向他宣布我得我要去見(jiàn)一個(gè)素不相識(shí)的陌生人，向他宣布我得住在他家，吃他的，喝他的，一直等到下一班船住在他家，吃他的，喝他的，一直等到下一班船到來(lái)把我?guī)У轿乙サ母劭跒橹?，一想到這兒，到來(lái)把我?guī)У轿乙サ母劭跒橹梗幌氲竭@兒，我真有點(diǎn)不好意思了。我真有點(diǎn)不好意思了。o 3) Such is the human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to s

12、acrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.o 許多人常常寧愿犧牲比較高的工資以換取成許多人常常寧愿犧牲比較高的工資以換取成為白領(lǐng)工人的社會(huì)地位，這在西方倒是人之為白領(lǐng)工人的社會(huì)地位，這在西方倒是人之常情。常情。o 4)They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle power jobs that previous generati

13、ons used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.o 對(duì)于以往的幾代人來(lái)說(shuō)對(duì)于以往的幾代人來(lái)說(shuō), 舊式的體力勞動(dòng)是一舊式的體力勞動(dòng)是一種用以擺脫貧困的手段種用以擺脫貧困的手段,而技術(shù)的進(jìn)步則摧毀了而技術(shù)的進(jìn)步則摧毀了窮人賴以為生的體力勞動(dòng)。因此，首先體驗(yàn)到窮人賴以為生的體力勞動(dòng)。因此，首先體驗(yàn)到技術(shù)進(jìn)步之害的是窮人。技術(shù)進(jìn)步之害的是窮人。o 5) The construction of such a satellite is now believed to be quite realizable, its realization bei

14、ng supported with all the achievements of contemporary science, which have brought into being not only materials capable of withstanding severe stresses involved and high temperatures developed, but new technological processes as well. o 當(dāng)代科學(xué)的一切成就不僅提供了能夠承受高當(dāng)代科學(xué)的一切成就不僅提供了能夠承受高溫高壓的材料，而且也提供了新的工藝流程溫高壓的材

15、料，而且也提供了新的工藝流程。依靠這些成就，我們相信完全可以制造出。依靠這些成就，我們相信完全可以制造出這樣的衛(wèi)星。這樣的衛(wèi)星。o 6) The great difficulty of introducing radically new computer architectures which requires customers to rewrite most of their software excluded the possibility for these techniques to find their way to the commercial marketplace.o 全新的

16、計(jì)算機(jī)體系結(jié)構(gòu)要求用戶改寫(xiě)其大部分軟件全新的計(jì)算機(jī)體系結(jié)構(gòu)要求用戶改寫(xiě)其大部分軟件，因此難以付諸實(shí)施，從而使得這些技術(shù)不可能進(jìn)，因此難以付諸實(shí)施，從而使得這些技術(shù)不可能進(jìn)入商品市場(chǎng)（從而排除了這些技術(shù)進(jìn)入商品市場(chǎng)的入商品市場(chǎng)（從而排除了這些技術(shù)進(jìn)入商品市場(chǎng)的可能性）?？赡苄裕?。英譯漢練習(xí)英譯漢練習(xí)o 1)This election which has led to your being chosen to preside over this assembly a very wise choice indeedis a tribute to your great country, which h

17、as contributed to the development of the history of free nations a tradition of peace that serves as an example for the legal community that we constitute, a country which has always commanded respect and admiration from all corners of the world.這次選舉你為本屆大會(huì)的主席，實(shí)為極為明這次選舉你為本屆大會(huì)的主席，實(shí)為極為明智的抉擇，是對(duì)你的偉大國(guó)家的敬意

18、。貴國(guó)智的抉擇，是對(duì)你的偉大國(guó)家的敬意。貴國(guó)對(duì)自由國(guó)家的歷史發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)了一種和平對(duì)自由國(guó)家的歷史發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)了一種和平傳統(tǒng)，為我們構(gòu)建法治社會(huì)樹(shù)立了榜樣。全傳統(tǒng)，為我們構(gòu)建法治社會(huì)樹(shù)立了榜樣。全世界一貫對(duì)貴國(guó)表示尊重和和敬佩。世界一貫對(duì)貴國(guó)表示尊重和和敬佩。討論：討論：a. 你你您；您；b. 貴國(guó)一直深受世界各國(guó)的尊重和貴國(guó)一直深受世界各國(guó)的尊重和敬佩敬佩o 2. If she had lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring whi

19、ch has so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a comely and a faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.。o If she had lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of

20、face and form, the apple-blossom coloring which has so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago,o 26年前，她那藍(lán)眼年前，她那藍(lán)眼睛、花兒般的魅力，睛、花兒般的魅力，臉蛋兒和身段的那種臉蛋兒和身段的那種玉潔冰清的秀氣，還玉潔冰清的秀氣，還有那蘋(píng)果花似的臉色有那蘋(píng)果花似的臉色，曾經(jīng)讓阿修斯特一，曾經(jīng)讓阿修斯特一見(jiàn)傾心。這些雖已成見(jiàn)傾心。這些雖已成了往事，了往事，o she was still at forty-three a comely and a faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness. 然而，然而，43歲的她