英語中動(dòng)詞不定式的用法

1、高中英語同步輔導(dǎo)Book2A Unit1動(dòng)詞不定式的用法By Edison1. 動(dòng)詞不定式的用法1.作主語2.作賓語3.作定語4.作表語5.作賓補(bǔ)6.作狀語動(dòng)詞不定式2.動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)3. 鞏固練習(xí)1. 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。How to get enough money is still a question.To make a plan for our study is very important. 1. 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語有時(shí)候?yàn)榱吮３志渥悠胶?，常用it作形式主語，放到句首，而將作真實(shí)主語的動(dòng)詞不定式放

2、到句末。It will take a whole day to get there by car.It is important to make a plan for our study.It is impossible for me to finish the work in a week.2. 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語常用于下列及物動(dòng)詞后：want, agree, decide, manage, wish, hope, ask, like, love , choose, promise, continue, plan, learn, expect, offer, prepare,

3、refuse, pretend, attempt, intend, threaten, seek, hesitate, long, desire, fail等等。He promised to come but he hasnt turn up yet.The boys are longing to watch the World Cup.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語應(yīng)注意的問題1.有些動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語意義截然不同try, go on, stop, mean, regret, remember, forget等go on to do sth.繼續(xù)做另一件事go on doing sth.接著

4、做同一件事After a short rest, they went on doing the work.After finishing the homework, the students went out to play football.regret to do sth.遺憾地做某事regret doing sth.后悔作了某事I regret to say that you havent passed the exam. I regret having told him about it動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語應(yīng)注意的問題2. 如果不定式作賓語而后面又有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語，這時(shí)要用it作形式賓語而

5、把這個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式放到補(bǔ)語后。I feel it my duty to help you.I once thought it impossible for us to finish the job in such a limited time.3.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，它與所修飾的名詞或代詞可能是主謂關(guān)系，也可能是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。He was the last one to leave school yesterday.We have much homework to do everyday.4.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語動(dòng)詞不定式常放在系動(dòng)詞（be動(dòng)詞）后作表語

6、，有時(shí)也放在其他少數(shù)連系動(dòng)詞如：remain, seem, sound等后。當(dāng)表語是動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，作主語的謂語動(dòng)詞也只能是動(dòng)詞不定式，即主語和表語結(jié)構(gòu)要一致或?qū)ΨQ。His plan is to spend a few days in the countryside.He appears to have caught cold.To see is to believe當(dāng)表語是動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，作主語的謂語動(dòng)詞也只能是動(dòng)詞不定式，即主語和表語結(jié)構(gòu)要一致或?qū)ΨQ。當(dāng)主語部分有動(dòng)詞實(shí)義do的某個(gè)形式時(shí)，做表語的動(dòng)詞不定式可以省略to。The only thing we can do is wait till

7、 he comes back. We can do nothing but wait.5.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)常要求跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：（1）可接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask, get, allow, forbid, prefer, force, inspire, advise, cause, tell, order, warn, teach, permit, wish, invite, encourage等Youd better get Tom to do it.She doesnt allow me to use her computer.The teacher told hi

8、m not to be late again.He invited us to attend his birthday party.（2）可跟省to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：在部分感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后，如：see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, feel, make, let, have注：help后可跟省to或帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。The teacher had us recite the text every day.I was let to do the experiment alone.Was he noticed to le

9、ave the house?動(dòng)詞不定式在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中用省to的形式作賓補(bǔ)，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中，要用帶to的形式作主語補(bǔ)語。（3）有的動(dòng)詞后可以跟to be形式作賓補(bǔ)，而不是to do作賓補(bǔ)。如：think, consider, suppose, believe, imagine, find, prove等6.動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，通常表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、程度等。I got up early in order to /so as to catch the first bus.(作目的狀語）To learn English well, you sh

10、ould practise it whenever possible. (作目的狀語）He wept to hear the news.(作原因狀語）I am glad to see you here.(作原因狀語）He hurried to the post office, only to find it closed.(結(jié)果狀語）The boy is too young to dress himself.（同上）當(dāng)tooto結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式前有形容詞nervous, pleased, willing, happy, delighted, glad等時(shí)，to后面譯作肯定。They are to

11、o nervous to leave.當(dāng)too前有only時(shí)，only too to譯作肯定。 I am only too pleased to help you.當(dāng)不定式前有表否定意義的詞時(shí)，譯作肯定。We are never too old to learn.動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)1. 動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式（to do）用于表示不定時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作與句子謂語動(dòng)詞幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。saw her enter the room.I have some important news to tell you.2. 動(dòng)詞不定式的進(jìn)行式動(dòng)詞不定式的進(jìn)行式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，和句子謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。H

12、e pretended to be reading when his mother came into his room.They are said to be building another bridge across the river3. 動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作前。I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.I happened to have read the book before.鞏固練習(xí)1. Several of these washes and dryers are out of or

13、der and_.A.need to be repairingB. repairing is required of themC. require that they be repaired.D. need to be repaired.解析：and并列謂語動(dòng)詞， need to be repaired相當(dāng)于need repairing.D2. I wish you had brought your family with you. Ill get them _ next time. A. coming B. to come C. come D. have comeB解析：使役動(dòng)詞get后跟帶

14、to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，let，make, have后跟省to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。3. We climbed to the top of the tower _a better view of the area.A. getting B. got C. having got D. to getD解析：動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，其余幾個(gè)沒這功能。4. What is the way Smith thought of _ enough money to buy the new house. A. getting B. having got C. being got D. to getD解析：名詞the

15、 way后跟有兩個(gè)定語，一個(gè)是定語從句Smith thought of， 一個(gè)是動(dòng)詞不定式to get enough money to buy the new house.5. The young assistant was noticed _ the bank alone last night. A. entering B. enter C. to enter D. enteredC解析：感官動(dòng)詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞和省to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。不定式表示全過程，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行。在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作主語補(bǔ)語。6. Wang Dong wanted to surf the Internet, but his father told him _. A. not to do B. not do it C. do not to D. not toD解析：tell sb. (not) to do sth. 為了避免重復(fù)，后面省略了surf the Internet.7. The party was successful, but we thought it a pity not _ you. A. invite B. to invite C. inviting