Unit 1(Automobile Structure)

1、Unit 1Automobile StructureContentsI. Pre-questionsII. Text ExplanationIII. Exercises Types of Modern Automobiles 1）cars 2）passenger cars 3）trucks 4）tractors and vehicle combination 5）special type vehicle 6）Self-dumping car 7）farm vehicle 8) off-road vehicleI. Pre-questionsSpecial vehicle carTractor

2、Truck Passenger Cars 2、with respect to engine arrangement and driving type engine arrangement and driving typediagramfront engine 、 front-wheel drive front engine 、 rear-wheel driveRear engine、 rear-wheel driveI.Pre-questions Do you know who built the first car in the world and when? Karl Benz In 18

3、86I. Pre-questions How many main parts does the automobile consist of? 1-engine2-chassis 3-body4-electrical systemI. Pre-questions Which is called the “ heart” of automobile? An engine that is used to supply power for an automobile What is the chassis composed of? driving system, running gear, steer

4、ing system and brake system. I. Pre-questionsDriving system Brake systemSteering systemrunning gearI. Pre-questions What is the electrical system composed of? The electric system includes the battery, generator, starting system, ignition system, lighting system, horn system, radio and other devices.

5、I. Pre-questions What are the functions of the four systems? Driving system works by transmitting engine power to the driving wheels. Suspension systems function is to increase strength and durability of components and to meet customers requirements for riding comfort and driving safety. Steering sy

6、stem is used to control the driving direction of an automobile. Brake system is used to retard the motion of the vehicle. I.Pre-questions In other words, any automobile is composed of the sections such as engine, chassis, body and electric system. In other words 換句話說換句話說 be composed of 由由.組成組成 譯文：譯文

7、：換句話說，任何一輛汽車都是由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、換句話說，任何一輛汽車都是由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、底盤、車身和電器設(shè)備組成的。底盤、車身和電器設(shè)備組成的。 II. Text Explanation In other words In other words, they remain relatively constant or static. 換句話說，它們相對(duì)的穩(wěn)定、靜止。換句話說，它們相對(duì)的穩(wěn)定、靜止。 In other words, we have adhered to scientific socialism. 也就是說，我們堅(jiān)持了科學(xué)社會(huì)主義。也就是說，我們堅(jiān)持了科學(xué)社會(huì)主義。 be composed of

8、 Navy must be composed of surface ship unit and submarine unit. 海軍一定是由水面艦艇部隊(duì)和潛艇部隊(duì)組成。海軍一定是由水面艦艇部隊(duì)和潛艇部隊(duì)組成。II. Text Explanation The internal combustion engine burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion or “explosion” into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.

9、The internal combustion engine 內(nèi)燃機(jī)內(nèi)燃機(jī) Convert .into.使轉(zhuǎn)變使轉(zhuǎn)變, 轉(zhuǎn)換轉(zhuǎn)換. Propel vt.推進(jìn)推進(jìn), 驅(qū)使驅(qū)使 譯文：譯文：內(nèi)燃機(jī)在汽缸內(nèi)燃燒燃料，然后把燃燒或者內(nèi)燃機(jī)在汽缸內(nèi)燃燒燃料，然后把燃燒或者“爆炸爆炸”所產(chǎn)生的膨脹力變成旋轉(zhuǎn)力，用以推動(dòng)車所產(chǎn)生的膨脹力變成旋轉(zhuǎn)力，用以推動(dòng)車輛前進(jìn)。輛前進(jìn)。 II. Text Explanation Convert .into. They converted the garage into a theater. 他們將車庫改成戲院。他們將車庫改成戲院。 convert water into

10、ice. 將水變成冰將水變成冰 converting feet into meters. 將英尺換算成公尺將英尺換算成公尺II. Text ExplanationBrake system is a balanced set of mechanical and hydraulic devices used to retard the motion of the vehicle by means of friction.Hydraulic haidrlik adj. 液壓的液壓的, 水力水力的的Retard ritd vt. 延遲延遲, 使減速使減速,阻礙阻礙Friction frikn n.摩擦

11、摩擦, 摩擦力摩擦力譯文：譯文：制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)是一套平衡的機(jī)械和液壓設(shè)備，制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)是一套平衡的機(jī)械和液壓設(shè)備，它可通過摩擦來阻止車輛的運(yùn)動(dòng)。它可通過摩擦來阻止車輛的運(yùn)動(dòng)。II. Text Explanation by means of 用用.方式（方法），依靠方式（方法），依靠 They succeeded by means of perseverance. 他們依靠堅(jiān)忍不拔而獲得成功。他們依靠堅(jiān)忍不拔而獲得成功。 He always goes to school by means of bike 他總是騎自行車上學(xué)他總是騎自行車上學(xué) II. Text ExplanationII. Text Exp

12、lanationu In 1956, the No. 1 Auto Plant was established in Changchun, and turned out the first batch of liberation automobiles for our country. establish vt.建立建立, 設(shè)立設(shè)立, 確定確定turned out vt. 生產(chǎn)生產(chǎn), 起床起床, 翻出翻出, 制造制造, 關(guān)掉關(guān)掉 譯文：譯文：在在1956年，一汽在長春成立了，并且為我年，一汽在長春成立了，并且為我們國家生產(chǎn)出了第一批解放牌轎車。們國家生產(chǎn)出了第一批解放牌轎車。 turn out

13、 A vast crowd turned out to watch the match. 大群的觀眾到場觀看比賽。大群的觀眾到場觀看比賽。 If the day turns out wet we may have to change our plans. 萬一下雨的話，我們也許得改變計(jì)劃。萬一下雨的話，我們也許得改變計(jì)劃。II. Text Explanation III. ExercisesuTranslate the following expressions into Chinese.chassisdriving systeminternal combustion enginesteeri

14、ng systembraking systemclutchgearboxuniversal jointpropeller shaftgeneratoru底盤底盤u傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)u內(nèi)燃機(jī)內(nèi)燃機(jī)u轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)u制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)u離合器離合器u變速箱變速箱u萬向節(jié)萬向節(jié)u驅(qū)動(dòng)軸驅(qū)動(dòng)軸u發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī) Identify the English names of clutch according to the picture. III. Exercises1-engine; 2-clutch; 3-gearbox; 4-propeller shaft; 5-differential; 6-rear

15、axle The motor vehicle engine is basically a device for converting the internal energy stored in its fuel into mechanical energy. It is classified as an internal combustion engine by virtue of this energy conversion taking place within the engine cylinders . Since the term ”energy” implies the capac

16、ity to perform work, the engine is thus able to propel the vehicle along the road and, within limits, overcome unwanted opposition to its motion arising from rolling friction and air drag. To facilitate this process the engine is combined with a transmission system. III. Exercises I. Translate the f

17、ollowing sentences into Chinese. In effect, the driving system works by transmitting engine power to the driving wheels. 實(shí)際上，傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的作用是將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力傳遞實(shí)際上，傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的作用是將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力傳遞到驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪。到驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪。 The electric system supplies lighting and driving power for the automobile. 電氣系統(tǒng)可為汽車提供照明和驅(qū)動(dòng)的電力。電氣系統(tǒng)可為汽車提供照明和驅(qū)動(dòng)的電力。 The body

18、styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. 車身的式樣為汽車提供了誘人的，多彩的，現(xiàn)代車身的式樣為汽車提供了誘人的，多彩的，現(xiàn)代的外觀形象。的外觀形象。 III. Exercises汽車主要由四個(gè)部分組成，他們是：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、汽車主要由四個(gè)部分組成，他們是：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、底盤、車身和電氣設(shè)備。底盤、車身和電氣設(shè)備。An automobile is generally composed of four sections such as engine,chassis, body and electrical system.傳動(dòng)系由離合器、變速箱、傳動(dòng)軸、后橋、傳動(dòng)系由離合器、變速箱、傳動(dòng)軸、后橋、差速器、從動(dòng)輪組成。差速器、從動(dòng)輪組成。The transmission system consists of clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle