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1、會計學(xué)1第一頁,共82頁。They are born naturally and identical in sex and appearance.第1頁/共82頁第二頁,共82頁。The new plants that grow from the runners are exact copies of the original plant.第2頁/共82頁第三頁,共82頁。一株草莓一株草莓(comi)依靠它沿地依靠它沿地“爬走爬走”的匍匐莖的匍匐莖,一年內(nèi)就能長出數(shù)百株草莓一年內(nèi)就能長出數(shù)百株草莓(comi)苗。苗。第3頁/共82頁第四頁,共82頁。富貴竹插枝富貴竹插枝(ch zh)即活即活T

2、he gardener should cut the plant, then the cutting produce another new plant.第4頁/共82頁第五頁,共82頁。第5頁/共82頁第六頁,共82頁。第6頁/共82頁第七頁,共82頁。2002年年5月月中旬成功地中旬成功地繁殖繁殖(fnzh)了一只了一只胚胎細(xì)胞胚胎細(xì)胞克隆兔??寺⊥?。第7頁/共82頁第八頁,共82頁。第8頁/共82頁第九頁,共82頁。2002年年4月月16日美日美國第一國第一(dy)頭克頭克隆牛隆?!鞍装住碑a(chǎn)下產(chǎn)下牛犢。牛犢。第9頁/共82頁第十頁,共82頁。第10頁/共82頁第十一頁,共82頁。Pr

3、e-reading 第11頁/共82頁第十二頁,共82頁。A clone is an animal or a plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another animal or plant and is exactly the same as it.第12頁/共82頁第十三頁,共82頁。2. How is a clone produced?1)The cloning of plants is simple and relatively easy. It can be done by taking cuttin

4、gs (man-made cloning) or letting the plant produce its own runners (natural cloning). 2)The cloning of animals is more complicated. It was not achieved until 1996 and is fully explained in the first reading.第13頁/共82頁第十四頁,共82頁。第14頁/共82頁第十五頁,共82頁。?Medical cloning can help cure serious illnesses that r

5、uin ones quality of life (such as Parkinsons disease or Alzheimers disease). It can help infertile people have babies.第15頁/共82頁第十六頁,共82頁。 People may want to clone themselves so they can live forever. People may want to clone dead children. People may want to clone their favourite pets.第16頁/共82頁第十七頁,

6、共82頁。1. What is the main topic? _ A. Cloning. B. Dolly the sheep . C. It will lead us to some places.2. What is the writing style? _ A. Expositive (說明性的說明性的). B. Descriptive. C. Argumentative (議論性的議論性的).A A 第17頁/共82頁第十八頁,共82頁。Learning tips: The passage is written in the expositive style. That is to

7、say the text is in the third person and in factual and formal language. It gives different points of view and does not try to persuade the reader to make up his/her own mind.第18頁/共82頁第十九頁,共82頁。B 第19頁/共82頁第二十頁,共82頁。C 第20頁/共82頁第二十一頁,共82頁。D 第21頁/共82頁第二十二頁,共82頁。A 第22頁/共82頁第二十三頁,共82頁。A 第23頁/共82頁第二十四頁,共82

8、頁。B 第24頁/共82頁第二十五頁,共82頁。9. The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep because _. A. it provides the egg cell B. it gives birth to the lamb C. it provides the nucleus D. it is a female sheep10. The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived _ years. A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12C D 第25頁/共82頁第二十

9、六頁,共82頁。D 第26頁/共82頁第二十七頁,共82頁。12. Which of the following is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text? _A. Evil leaders may want to clone themselves.B. Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals.C. There are moral objections to cl

10、oning human beings.D. Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.D 第27頁/共82頁第二十八頁,共82頁。13. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that _. A. the normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species. B. Dollys serious disease and final death distur

11、bed the whole world. C. Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists. D. there were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning.D 第28頁/共82頁第二十九頁,共82頁。Careful reading The main idea of each paragraph.1. Cloning is _ _ 2. Cloning has _ uses.3. The

12、 _ of Dolly.4. The _ of clonging in society.5. The _towards cloning.a way of making an exact copy of another animal and blemstwo majoreffectattitudes第29頁/共82頁第三十頁,共82頁。It happens both in _ and in _. They can be cloned by _ and _.plantsanimalsthemselveshumansNatural cloneMan-made clonePara 1

13、: The definition of cloning第30頁/共82頁第三十一頁,共82頁。1. How many major uses do cloning have? Firstly, commercial Secondly, research2. How many female sheep participate in the cloning of a new sheep?3. When was the cloning of Dolly the sheep born?3Para 2: The major uses and procedures of cloning1996第31頁/共8

14、2頁第三十二頁,共82頁。About Dolly the sheepEncouraging news: Dolly developed _. Disturbing news:normally Dolly lived for six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original one. Para 3: The problems of Dolly第32頁/共82頁第三十三頁,共82頁。Para 4: The impact of DollyB 第33頁/共82頁第三十四頁,共82頁。Para 5: Peoples rea

15、ction to cloningMany governments forbade research into human beings.T T F 第34頁/共82頁第三十五頁,共82頁。第35頁/共82頁第三十六頁,共82頁。意大利狂人意大利狂人(kungrn)醫(yī)生醫(yī)生:安蒂諾里安蒂諾里冒死冒死(mo s)也要克也要克隆人的科學(xué)家隆人的科學(xué)家:布瓦布瓦瑟利耶瑟利耶第36頁/共82頁第三十七頁,共82頁。Comprehending 1. What are the two major uses of cloning? The first use is to produce commercial

16、quantities of plants. The second is to research on new plants species and do medical research on animals.第37頁/共82頁第三十八頁,共82頁。2. Why is it easier to make commercial plant clones than animal clones? Cloning plants is straightforward, but the cloning of animals is very complicated.第38頁/共82頁第三十九頁,共82頁。3

17、. What was the first clone from an adult animal? At what age did this clone die? 4. Why is cloning controversial in some countries? The first clone from an adult animal was Dolly the sheep. She died in 2003 at the age of 6 and a half.Cloning is controversial in some countries for moral and religious

18、 reasons.第39頁/共82頁第四十頁,共82頁。Problems or dangers of cloningAdvantages of cloningAnimals may develop the illnesses of older animals.2 Fill in the chart.Medical cloning could produce cures for serious illnesses in humans. 第40頁/共82頁第四十一頁,共82頁。Animal clones may die younger than the donor animalsEvil lead

19、er may want to clone themselves.There are moral objections to cloning human beings.Cloning plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale.Cloning plants can be useful for research on new plant species.Cloning can help save endangered animals.第41頁/共82頁第四十二頁,共82頁。 I think the writer is _ becaus

20、e_ _ impartialhe/she does not state any personal opinion about cloning. 第42頁/共82頁第四十三頁,共82頁。第43頁/共82頁第四十四頁,共82頁。As a coin has two sides, everything has two aspects. First, if the cloning is used in a correct way it can bring many conveniences to us. Such as: curing serious illnesses and being used t

21、o produce commercial quantities of plants. On the other hand, if the cloning is used in an evil way it can cause much trouble: such as moral questions.第44頁/共82頁第四十五頁,共82頁。Practice activity: Debate Are you in favor of cloning or against cloning? What is your point of view on it?第45頁/共82頁第四十六頁,共82頁。1.

22、 This happens in plants when gardeners take when twins identical in sex and 1) “when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones, when twins identical in是兩個時間狀語從句。是兩個時間狀語從句。when 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中從句的動作可以與引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中從句的動作可以與主句主句(zh j)的動作同時發(fā)生,也可以先于主句的動作同時發(fā)生,也可以先于主句(zh j)的動作。的動作。Dont be afraid

23、of asking for help _ it is needed. (03, 全國全國)A. unless B. since C. although D. whenD 第46頁/共82頁第四十七頁,共82頁。2) happen vi. occur by chance; take place (偶然地偶然地)發(fā)生發(fā)生; 出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn) happen to do happen to sb. It happened that happening n. 事件事件; 偶然發(fā)生的事偶然發(fā)生的事 (常用復(fù)數(shù)常用復(fù)數(shù))辨析辨析: happen, occur, take place與與come about四詞都有四

24、詞都有“發(fā)生發(fā)生”之意之意, 但有區(qū)別。但有區(qū)別。happen 是一般用語是一般用語, 詞義較廣詞義較廣, 強調(diào)事情強調(diào)事情 發(fā)生的偶然性發(fā)生的偶然性;occur 用法較正式用法較正式, 既可以指自然發(fā)生既可以指自然發(fā)生, 也也 可以指有意可以指有意(yuy)安排。安排。碰碰巧巧(pngqio)(某人某人)發(fā)生發(fā)生(fshng)什么什么事了事了碰巧碰巧第47頁/共82頁第四十八頁,共82頁。occurtake placecome abouthappenUse the above words to fill in the blanks.take place 一般指有計劃一般指有計劃, 按事先安排

25、的按事先安排的 進行的含義。進行的含義。come about 往往注重事情發(fā)生的原因往往注重事情發(fā)生的原因(yunyn), 常常 與與how 連用。連用。以上四組詞均為不及物動詞以上四組詞均為不及物動詞, 無被動語態(tài)。無被動語態(tài)。第48頁/共82頁第四十九頁,共82頁。identity n c/u 身份,本身,本體 1)The police are trying to discover the of the killer. 2) a false identity/ID card 3) She went through an identity crsis in her teens. 自我認(rèn)同(r

26、n tn)的危機 c 相同,一致,統(tǒng)一性 (with) 1)an identity of interests 2) Fans have a close identity with their team. identify vt 確認(rèn),鑒定(身份(shn fen),性質(zhì)) 1)The police identified the body as a suspected drug dealer. 2)He refused to identified himself. 3)Please identify your own suitcase before it was put on the plane.

27、identificationidentical第49頁/共82頁第五十頁,共82頁。identify with sb(和某人有一樣的情感) 和某人產(chǎn)生 共鳴(gngmng);同情,諒解 1)I like the book because I could identify with some of the characters.identify sb with sth =consider sb to be. The public identify him with the tough guy.identify sth with sth=consider sth to be. You should

28、 not identify happiness with wealthidentify sb/sth as.=show sb to be Sometimes the clothes people wear identify them as what class of persons.be identified with identify yourself with同情,支持第50頁/共82頁第五十一頁,共82頁。2.Cloning plants is straightforward. straightforward adj. 簡單的簡單的, 易懂的,易懂的, 坦誠坦誠(tn chn)的的, 坦

29、率的坦率的straightforwardly adv. 率直地率直地, 坦誠坦誠(tn chn)地地straightforwardness n. 率直率直1)Jack is rough, but always straightforward. 2)Installing the program is relatively straightforward.3)She admired his straightforwardness.第51頁/共82頁第五十二頁,共82頁。3. It is a difficult task to undertake.undertake vt. (undertook;

30、undertaken) 著手做著手做, 從事從事, 進行進行; 擔(dān)任擔(dān)任(dnrn), 承擔(dān)承擔(dān), 答應(yīng)答應(yīng), 同意。同意。The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course. 當(dāng)然當(dāng)然, 這個過程很難實施。這個過程很難實施。The scientist undertakes the experiment.科學(xué)家從事這項實驗??茖W(xué)家從事這項實驗。I can undertake the responsibility for the changes.我愿意承擔(dān)這些變革的責(zé)任。我愿意承擔(dān)這些變革的責(zé)任。第52頁/共82頁第五十三頁,共82頁。完成下列句

31、子。完成下列句子。1) The lawyer _ a new case. 那個律師接了一個新的案子。那個律師接了一個新的案子。2) He will _ _ _ next month (去旅行去旅行).3) He _ _ _ _. (承擔(dān)承擔(dān)(chngdn)一項新任務(wù)一項新任務(wù))undertookundertook a new taskundertake a journey第53頁/共82頁第五十四頁,共82頁。4. pay off (事業(yè)、計劃等事業(yè)、計劃等) 成功成功; 付清薪水并付清薪水并 解雇解雇; 償還償還(債務(wù)等債務(wù)等)。 At last the determination and

32、patience of scientists paid off 最終科學(xué)家們的決心最終科學(xué)家們的決心(juxn)和耐心得到了回報和耐心得到了回報 He paid off the crew of the ship. 他付清全體船員的工資并將他們解雇。他付清全體船員的工資并將他們解雇。 In the end he paid off all his debts. 最終他還清了所有的債務(wù)。最終他還清了所有的債務(wù)。 pay back 報答報答; 報復(fù)報復(fù)第54頁/共82頁第五十五頁,共82頁。offtobackoff第55頁/共82頁第五十六頁,共82頁。1) contain v. 包含包含(bohn)

33、, 含有含有2) 2) needed to produce a new sheep 為過去分詞為過去分詞3) 短語作后置定語短語作后置定語, 修飾其前面的名詞修飾其前面的名詞 genes, 4) 構(gòu)成動賓搭配關(guān)系。構(gòu)成動賓搭配關(guān)系。5. The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep. 這個這個(zh ge)細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞核含有生產(chǎn)一只新的綿羊的細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞核含有生產(chǎn)一只新的綿羊的 必需的基因。必需的基因。第56頁/共82頁第五十七頁,共82頁。containscontainsincludin

34、g第57頁/共82頁第五十八頁,共82頁。1) using electricity 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語。為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語。2) 聯(lián)手聯(lián)手, 攜手?jǐn)y手 參加活動參加活動 和某人一起和某人一起(yq)做事做事 參軍參軍, 連起來連起來join handsjoin in sth. / doing sth join sb. in sth.join up第58頁/共82頁第五十九頁,共82頁。)辨析辨析(binx): take part in, join, join in 與與 attend第59頁/共82頁第六十頁,共82頁。7. The fact that she seemed to

35、develop normally was very encouraging. 多莉看來是在正常多莉看來是在正常(zhngchng)地成長著地成長著, 這很令人鼓舞。這很令人鼓舞。“that she seemed to develop normally”是同位語是同位語從句。從句。為了保持句子的平衡為了保持句子的平衡, 同位語從句還可以放在動同位語從句還可以放在動詞的后面。詞的后面。如如: Soon word came that we won. 第60頁/共82頁第六十一頁,共82頁。8. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become s

36、eriously ill. 然后傳來了多莉病重然后傳來了多莉病重(bn zhn)的壞消息。的壞消息。本句中本句中, 副詞副詞then放于句首放于句首, 主語是名詞主語是名詞“news”, “that Dolly had become seriously ill”是同位語是同位語從句從句, 句子用了倒裝語序。句子用了倒裝語序。In the dark forests _, some large enough to hold several English towns. (05, 遼寧遼寧)A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakesC. many lakes lie

37、D. many lakes standB 第61頁/共82頁第六十二頁,共82頁。 disturbing adj. The news from the front is very disturbing. 來自前線的消息令人來自前線的消息令人(ln rn)極為不安。極為不安。 disturb vt. 擾亂擾亂, 使不安使不安, 弄亂弄亂; disturbed adj. 被擾亂的被擾亂的, 感到不安的;感到不安的; disturbing adj. 令人令人(ln rn)不安的。不安的。 第62頁/共82頁第六十三頁,共82頁。用用disturb, disturbing, disturbed填空填空

38、(tinkng)。1) Im very _ about Alice.2) Dont _ the papers on my desk.3) This country is in a _ state.4) What _ news it is!5) A light wind _ the surface of the water. disturbeddisturbdisturbingdisturbingdisturbed第63頁/共82頁第六十四頁,共82頁。9.Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illness were mor

39、e appropriate to a much older animal. 克隆科學(xué)家沮喪克隆科學(xué)家沮喪(jsng)地發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉的病更容易發(fā)生在地發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉的病更容易發(fā)生在年老的羊身上年老的羊身上(按理是不應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)生在按理是不應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)生在Dolly身上的身上的)cast down 使沮喪使沮喪(jsng); 毀掉毀掉 (常用于被動語態(tài)或常用于被動語態(tài)或作表語作表語)不要這么沮喪不要這么沮喪(jsng), 打起精神來!打起精神來!Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits.cast away 丟棄丟棄 cast off 放棄放棄; 丟棄丟棄cast o

40、ut 趕走趕走第64頁/共82頁第六十五頁,共82頁。1) 聽到這個聽到這個(zh ge)消息他很沮喪。消息他很沮喪。 _2) 發(fā)現(xiàn)事情的真相使他很沮喪。發(fā)現(xiàn)事情的真相使他很沮喪。 _He was cast down to hear the news.Finding out the truth made him cast down.將下列句子將下列句子(j zi)譯成英語。譯成英語。第65頁/共82頁第六十六頁,共82頁。10. altogether 和和 all together 及及 together1) altogether adv. 總共總共, 完全地完全地, 總之總之, 總而言之總而

41、言之You owe me 68 RMB altogether. Your work is altogether perfect.2) all together 全部在同一全部在同一(tngy)地方或同一地方或同一(tngy)時間時間Can you put your books all together in this box?3) together adv. 在一起在一起, 共同地共同地All his trouble seemed to come together.Hes bad-tempered, selfish and _ an unpopular man.A. therefore B.

42、altogether C. otherwise D. anyhowB 第66頁/共82頁第六十七頁,共82頁。11. On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.另一方面另一方面, 多莉的出現(xiàn)引來了巨大的反對,激發(fā)多莉的出現(xiàn)引來了巨大的反對,激發(fā)了傳媒的熱炒和公眾的想像力。了傳媒的熱炒和公眾的想像力。 object v. & objection n. 反對反對, 不贊成不贊成I fe

43、el a strong objection to getting up early.我極不愿意早起我極不愿意早起(zo qi)。Have you any objection to my opening the window?你反對我打開窗子嗎你反對我打開窗子嗎?第67頁/共82頁第六十八頁,共82頁。object vi.We object to being treated like this. 我們抗議這種待遇。我們抗議這種待遇。I object to the plan. 我反對這項計劃。我反對這項計劃。object vt.I object that he is too young to ta

44、ke that position. 我提出反對意見我提出反對意見: 他太年輕不適合那個職位他太年輕不適合那個職位(zhwi)。object to (doing ) sth.object + that 從句從句objection 是名詞是名詞, 常與常與have, take, feel 等連用等連用have / take / feel objection to (doing )sth.第68頁/共82頁第六十九頁,共82頁。即時即時(jsh)練習(xí)練習(xí): 句型轉(zhuǎn)換句型轉(zhuǎn)換 Have you any objection to my opening the window? = Would you _

45、_ my opening the window?(2) take objection to smoking. = I _ _ smoking.(3) “But he is too young,” she argued. = She _ that he was too young.object toobject toobjected第69頁/共82頁第七十頁,共82頁。12. It suddenly opened everyones eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness, and even to prod

46、uce human beings. 突然每個人都看到了利用突然每個人都看到了利用(lyng)克隆技術(shù)治愈重病克隆技術(shù)治愈重病, 甚至克隆出人的可能性。甚至克隆出人的可能性。第70頁/共82頁第七十一頁,共82頁。At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. (07, 全國全國(qun u)II)A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and

47、close C 解析解析 答案答案C。題意為。題意為: 開始上課時開始上課時, 開關(guān)課桌的聲音開關(guān)課桌的聲音在教室在教室(jiosh)外都能夠聽到。外都能夠聽到。第71頁/共82頁第七十二頁,共82頁。13. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.attain v

48、t. 獲得獲得(尤其指經(jīng)過努力尤其指經(jīng)過努力); 達到達到(年齡年齡, 水平水平(shupng), 狀況等狀況等) He attianed success through hard work. He attained the age of 25 before graduating. 第72頁/共82頁第七十三頁,共82頁。第73頁/共82頁第七十四頁,共82頁。14. Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human clothing. 政府開始感到不安政府開始感到不安, 有許多政府禁止對克隆的研究。有許多政府禁止對

49、克隆的研究。forbid vt. (forbade; forbidden)禁止禁止, 不許不許, 妨礙妨礙, 阻止阻止 Smoking should be forbidden in public places.公共場所應(yīng)禁止吸煙。公共場所應(yīng)禁止吸煙。Her father forbid her to go out alone.她父親不許她單獨外出。她父親不許她單獨外出。I forbid you (from)entering my study.我不許你進入我不許你進入(jnr)我的書房。我的書房。第74頁/共82頁第七十五頁,共82頁。forbid sb. to do / forbid sb. f

50、rom doing sth. 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事forbid sth. 禁止某事禁止某事與與forbid 結(jié)構(gòu)相同結(jié)構(gòu)相同(xin tn)的詞有:的詞有:permit sb to do / permit doing sth 允許某人做某事允許某人做某事/允許做某事;允許做某事;allow sb. to do / allow doing sth允許某人做某事允許某人做某事/允許做某事;允許做某事;advise sb. to do / advise doing sth. 建議某人做某事建議某人做某事/建議做某事建議做某事第75頁/共82頁第七十六頁,共82頁。1) The school _ _ _ _ _ (禁止學(xué)生吸煙禁止學(xué)生吸煙).2) He is forbidden to _ _ _ (進入進入(jnr)這個房間這個房間).3) There are laws in some countries which forbid advertisements _ at inappropriate times and places.A. being shown B. shown C. show D. to have shown4) At the conference he was forbidden _ the subject

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