季佩玉范燁學術英語綜合實用教案

1、第1頁/共34頁第一頁，共35頁。Unit 9MedicineUnit ContentsUnit objectivesText AText BText CAcademic language and discourseListeningSpeakingWriting第2頁/共34頁第二頁，共35頁。Unit Objectives1. Professional Knowledge Know more about the following medicine-related issues:the driving forces of the constant changes in medicineth

2、e changing doctor-patient relationshipthe new requirements in medical curricular design, and the trend in drug development2. Reading Summarize the main idea of a text and identify essential supporting points. Understand difficult sentences (e.g., sentences with abstract meaning or ambiguous referenc

3、e). Analyze complex or controversial issues critically (e.g., the changing doctor-patient relationship; designing up-to-date medical curricula ). Identify and establish a cause-and-effect relationship as in the case of changes in medicine.Unit 9Medicine第3頁/共34頁第三頁，共35頁。Unit Objectives3. Listening Us

4、e Cornell note-taking system. 4. Speaking Develop a strong conclusion5. Writing Learn to write a reference listUnit 9Medicine第4頁/共34頁第四頁，共35頁。Unit Objectives6. Researching Independently locate and study a variety of resources (articles, books, videos, etc.) to know more about drug research and devel

5、opment.7. Academic language and discourse Acquire some medical terms. Learn how to make a definition. Comprehend stylistic differences between formal and informal English and acquire some formal expressionsUnit 9Medicine第5頁/共34頁第五頁，共35頁。Text A Lead-inDiscuss in some groups the following questions:1.

6、What do you think of the medical profession?2.How has the Internet influenced doctors medical practice?Share your answers with the whole class.Unit 9Medicine第6頁/共34頁第六頁，共35頁。Text A Overview1. Summarize the main ideas of Text A.Among many challenges and questions,doctor-patient relationship will be t

7、he greatest for the physicians.Challenge on the doctors role in certain clinical situationsApproaches to meeting the challengeRegarding medicine as a science of an artChanges need not diminish doctors interactions withpatients, which is the main reason why doctors are privilegedUnit 9Medicine第7頁/共34

8、頁第七頁，共35頁。Text A In-depth analysis1. Contribute as much as possible what you know about the following:alternative medicinedoctor-patient relationshipdesktop medicineUnit 9Medicine第8頁/共34頁第八頁，共35頁。Text A Supplementary information1. Alternative medicineAlternative medicine refers to healing treatments

9、 that are not part of conventional medical education, which includes acupuncture, massage therapy, or herbal medicine. They got the name “alternative” because people used to consider practices like these not to belong to the mainstream. Alternative medicine has been long taught and practiced in East

10、ern countries. In recent years, it gains increasing recognition in Western societies, with hospitals providing alternative treatments, medical schools offering courses in alternative medicine, and patients becoming more receptive to trying alternative techniques.Unit 9Medicine第9頁/共34頁第九頁，共35頁。Text A

11、 Supplementary information2. Doctor-patient relationshipDoctor-patient relationship, also called physician-patient relationship, has been and remains a keystone of medical practice and is essential for the delivery of high-quality health care in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It serves as

12、the medium in which data are gathered, diagnoses and plans are made, compliance is accomplished, and support is provided. The relationship plays a paramount role in maintaining a professional rapport with patients, upholding patients dignity, and respecting their privacy. It also forms one of the fo

13、undations of contemporary medical ethics and is most widely talked about in medical and healthcare communities.Unit 9Medicine第10頁/共34頁第十頁，共35頁。Text A Supplementary information3. Desktop medicineDesktop medicine, an emerging concept in medicine, describes how a desk with a networked computer is trans

14、forming medical science and, in turn, medical practice. Historically, bedside medicine has been used to diagnose and treat diseases, incorporating the standard elements of the history, the chief complaint, the review of systems, the physical exam, and the diagnostic studies. In contrast to tradition

15、al bedside medicine, desktop medicine features researchers discovering risk-factor based diseases and physicians diagnosing and treating patients with these diseases. While bedside medicine focuses on the presence or absence of diseases, desktop medicine concerns the management of the risk of diseas

16、es.Unit 9Medicine第11頁/共34頁第十一頁，共35頁。Text A In-depth analysis2. Discuss changes in medical practice and adaption doctors are warranted to make, integrating Task 1/Critical reading and thinking into the discussion.3. Focus on some of the difficult sentences in Text A by doing Task 2/Critical reading a

17、nd. You will be invited to report your answers to the class.Unit 9Medicine第12頁/共34頁第十二頁，共35頁。Text B Text analysis1. What is “pill burden”?Pill burden refers to the number of tablets, capsules, or other dosage forms that a patient takes on a regular basis. High pill burden is associated with a bunch

18、of problems: 1) a decreased compliance with drug therapy; 2)an increased possibility of adverse medication reactions (side effects) and drug-drug interactions; 3)an increased risk of hospitalization, medication errors;4)increased costs for both the pharmaceuticals themselves and for the treatment of

19、 adverse events; and 5) dissatisfaction for many patients.Unit 9Medicine第13頁/共34頁第十三頁，共35頁。Text B Text analysis2. What is “Fixed-dose combination drugs”?Fixed-dose combination drugs are those containing two or more drugs in fixed proportions in the same formulation. Fixed-dose combinations, with the

20、ir reported advantages to the patients, are becoming increasingly important. General advantages include reduced costs of manufacture, improved patient adherence and decreased costs of distribution. Advantages like increased efficacy and increased safety may be possible with certain cases. Such drugs

21、 are being used in the treatment of various conditions and are specifically useful in the management of HIV, malaria (瘧疾(n ji), tuberculosis (結 核病), diabetes and hypertension, to name a few.Unit 9Medicine第14頁/共34頁第十四頁，共35頁。Text B Text analysis3. What are the problems associated with high pill burden

22、 and benefits brought about by fixed-dose combination drugs？4. Summarize the main idea of the text after a paired discussion of Task 1/Critical reading and thinking.5. Work in groups of 4-5 to work out Task 2/Critical reading and thinking. Report your answers to the class.Unit 9Medicine第15頁/共34頁第十五頁

23、，共35頁。Text B Text analysisTask 1/OverviewSimplification of patient care, particularly the simplified drug regimens, will yield benefits both for the patients and for the drug manufacturers. The increasing burden of chronic diseases may cause the appeal of fixed-dose combination drugs to increase. Su

24、ch products have proved to enhance patients adherence to drug regimens. Besides, those drugs are also appealing to the pharmaceutical industry. Although drug manufacturers are required to go through the regular approval process, it costs less to introduce a fixed-dose combination drug than to bring

25、a new drug to market. Despite their possible disadvantages such as clinicians limited ability to customize dosing regimens, fixed combination drugs will offer a solution to the increasing demand for more medications to control chronic illnesses.Unit 9Medicine第16頁/共34頁第十六頁，共35頁。Text B ResearchingForm

26、 into teams to do the task in Researching/Text B. Within each team, there are:1) FacilitatorThink about the whole group and manage the task and the learning processMake sure everyone feels included and has a job to do before and during the discussion.Preside over the discussion.2) recorderMake notes

27、 of the group discussion.Work with the reporter, who will have to read from the notes.3) reporterSummarize and present the discussion results to the whole class.speak on behalf of the group.Unit 9Medicine第17頁/共34頁第十七頁，共35頁。1. Contribute what you know about the following terms and then give examples

28、as many as possible. Text C Text Analysispublic health veterinary medicine Unit 9Medicine第18頁/共34頁第十八頁，共35頁。Text C Supplementary informationPublic HealthPublic health is concerned with the health of the community as a whole. C. E. A. Winslow, one of the leading figures in the history of public healt

29、h, defined as “the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health and efficincy through organized community efforts ” The mission of public health is to fulfill societys interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy. The United States Public Health Servi

30、ce (USPHS) is a federal health agency that is part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. State and county public health agencies function under the supervision of and with financial support from the Department of Health and Human Services. Unit 9Medicine第19頁/共34頁第十九頁，共35頁。Tex

31、t C Supplementary informationVeterinary medicineVeterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the study, prevention, and treatment of diseases in animals, especially domesticated animals. The scope of veterinary medicine covers all animal species, both domesticated and wild. Besides

32、diagnosing and treating sick and injured animals, veterinarians has the mission of preventing the transmission of animal diseases to people, and advising owners on the proper care of animals. Veterinary school is usually 4 years and requires a prior college degree in the US and Canada.Unit 9Medicine

33、第20頁/共34頁第二十頁，共35頁。2. Do the translation task in Text C. 人、動物和我們的環(huán)境合力產生了一種新動態(tài)，使每個群界的健康相互關聯(lián)，密不可分。這一新動態(tài)帶來的挑戰(zhàn)強度高，意義深刻，前所未有。我們越來越依賴于動物及其產品，就傳染病而言，這種依賴性很可能是影響我們健康和安樂的最嚴峻的危險因素。同時，我們環(huán)境的污染大大降低了環(huán)境的健康和可持續(xù)性。要更好地理解并解決目前由于人、動物和環(huán)境領域的合力所產生的問題，可以(ky)采取一種策略，即“一體化健康”的概念。達到“一體化健康”的目標確實是人類當今所面臨的重要挑戰(zhàn)之一。Text C Text Analy

34、sisUnit 9Medicine第21頁/共34頁第二十一頁，共35頁。Academic language and discourse1. What are medical terms?2. General rules of forming medical terms Medical terms are largely formed from building elements, namely, roots, prefixes, suffixes and existing words. Generally, we recognize seven commonly-used processes

35、 of word-formation in medical language. They are affixation, composition, conversion, blending, backformation, clipping, and acronym.Specialized vocabularyUnit 9Medicine第22頁/共34頁第二十二頁，共35頁。Academic language and discourse2. General rules of forming medical terms Affixation: Affixation refers to forma

36、tion of words by means of affixes (prefix and suffix), such as autograph, asymptomatic, and antineoplastic. Composition: Composition is a word-forming process by joining two or more words. A word made in this way is called compound word, for example, brain death, gray matter, host-specific, deaf-mut

37、e, air-borne, bottle-feed, sleepwalk, and overweight.Specialized vocabularyUnit 9Medicine第23頁/共34頁第二十三頁，共35頁。Academic language and discourse2. General rules of forming medical terms Conversion: Conversion is a word-forming process whereby a word is adapted or converted to a new class without any cha

38、nge of form. A good case in point is stent. It is originally a noun named after English dentist, Charles R. Stent (1845-1901), referring to 1) a device used to support a bodily orifice(孔口(kn ku) or cavity during skin grafting or to i m m o b i l i z e a s k i n g r a f t f o l l o w i n g placement;

39、2) a slender thread, rod, or catheter (導管)inser ted into a tubular structure, such as a blood vessel, to provide support during or after anastomosis(吻合術). It is now converted to verb as in “Medtronic offers both stented and stentless tissue valves.”Specialized vocabularyUnit 9Medicine第24頁/共34頁第二十四頁，

40、共35頁。Academic language and discourse2. General rules of forming medical terms Blending: A blend is a compound word formed by blending parts of two words (or more) such as genome and Medicare.Backformation: It is common to form nouns from existing verbs by adding suffixes such as -or, -er or -ar. For

41、 instance, teacher is made from teach and suffix -er . Back-formation refers to the reversed process. That is, verbs are made from existing nouns by deleting seeming or imagined affix. For example, diagnose came from diagnosis, and ovulate from ovulation.Specialized vocabularyUnit 9Medicine第25頁/共34頁

42、第二十五頁，共35頁。Academic language and discourse2. General rules of forming medical terms Clipping: Clipping, also called shortening, refers to the process whereby a word is shortened by clipping off part of the word without changing its meaning and word class. For example, flu is shortened form of influe

43、nza, specs of spectacles, polio of poliomyelitis, psych of psychology, and quack of quacksalver. Acronym: An acronym is a word coined from the initial letters of a group words in a title or phrase. A large number of acronyms have been created in medical, such as CT (computerized tomography), RBC (re

44、d blood cell), CC (chief complain), BMR (basal metabolic rate), BP (blood pressure), GP (general practitioner), and NP (nurse practitioner).Specialized vocabularyUnit 9Medicine第26頁/共34頁第二十六頁，共35頁。Academic language and discourseSignpost language1. Do Task 2 / Language building-up/Text A.2. Discuss th

45、e ways that a term or concept is defined.Unit 9Medicine第27頁/共34頁第二十七頁，共35頁。Academic language and discourseFormal EnglishDo Task 3 / Language building-up/Text A.Unit 9Medicine第28頁/共34頁第二十八頁，共35頁。Listening1. Explain Cornell Note-taking Form2. Listen to the clip and do Task 1 and check the first three

46、Rs in Cornell note-taking format. 3. Write down the summary of the video in the corresponding space on the form provided.4. Watch the video clip and complete Task 2.Unit 9Medicine第29頁/共34頁第二十九頁，共35頁。Speaking1.Explain the language resources, as provided in the box of Speaking, for developing a strong conc