數(shù)字圖像處理課程設(shè)計(jì)

1、青 島 科 技 大 學(xué)數(shù)字圖像處理課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告基于GUI的數(shù)字圖像處理系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)題 目 _張淑軍*指導(dǎo)教師_*學(xué)生姓名_學(xué)生學(xué)號_*信息工程信息與科學(xué)技術(shù)_院（部）_專業(yè)_班_2014_年 _07_月 _10_日411.目的與要求1.進(jìn)一步鞏固數(shù)字圖像處理中的基本原理與方法，提高分析問題、解決問題的能力。2.熟練掌握一門計(jì)算機(jī)語言，可以進(jìn)行數(shù)字圖像應(yīng)用處理的開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)。3.將實(shí)驗(yàn)1至實(shí)驗(yàn)8所設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)字圖像處理的算法和功能添加到同一個MFC程序中（可以是基于對話框的程序，或者基于單/多文檔的程序），形成一個基于MFC的圖像處理系統(tǒng)，可以增加一些課本上沒有講到的效果，如風(fēng)格化等，開發(fā)的結(jié)果是類似PS的

2、一款軟件。4.要求：用戶可設(shè)置具體參數(shù)，可以通過該平臺展現(xiàn)不同參數(shù)下的實(shí)驗(yàn)效果。2.主要技術(shù)和原理3.總體方案設(shè)計(jì)3.1 開發(fā)環(huán)境和工具PC window7 matlab7.03.2 功能模塊圖軟件的總體設(shè)計(jì)界面布局如上圖所示，兩個窗口分別顯示源圖像和處理后的圖像。為了使界面簡單明了,通過Menu Editor創(chuàng)建如下菜單，通過上圖菜單來控制顯示或隱藏功能按鍵。注：3X3萬能模板為新加內(nèi)容。可實(shí)現(xiàn)各種模板濾波。以下截圖未做更改。3.3設(shè)計(jì)步驟和過程等1. 根據(jù)課設(shè)題目的要求，分析要實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能。設(shè)計(jì)總體的界面。2. 圖像的讀取，保存和重新加載。3.圖像直方圖統(tǒng)計(jì)和直方圖均衡，要求顯示直方圖統(tǒng)計(jì)，

3、比較直方圖均衡后的效果。4.設(shè)計(jì)各種空域?yàn)V波器如：均值濾波，中值濾波，Sobel ，Prewitt等。5.能對圖像加入各種噪聲，并通過幾種濾波算法實(shí)現(xiàn)去噪并顯示結(jié)果。 6.頻域的高斯低通濾波器和高通濾波器。7.實(shí)現(xiàn)圖像翻轉(zhuǎn)的功能。4.實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與分析4.1圖像的讀取和保存。 （1）圖像的讀取 function m_file_open_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to m_file_open (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future versi

4、on of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)filename,pathname=uigetfile(*.jpg;*.bmp;*.tif;*.*,choose the picture);if isequal(filename,0)|isequal(pathname,0) errordlg(error, again); return;else file=pathname,filename; global S global I S=file; I=imread(file); axes(handles.

5、axes1); imshow(I); handles.img=I; guidata(hObject,handles); End程序關(guān)鍵部分： 通過filename,pathname=uigetfile(*.jpg;*.bmp;*.tif;*.*,載入圖像)選擇相應(yīng)路徑打開的圖像；通過file=pathname,filename; x=imread(file); 讀取選中的圖像；最后，通過imshow(x)在顯示區(qū)域上顯示圖像。（2）圖像保存 function m_file_save_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to

6、 m_file_save (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)sfilename ,sfilepath=uiputfile(*.jpg;*.bmp;*.tif;*.*,save the picture,untitled.jpg); if isequal(sfilename,sfilepath,0,0) sfilefullname=sfilepath ,sfile

7、name; imwrite(handles.img,sfilefullname); else msgbox(error,again); End 程序關(guān)鍵部分：通sfilename ,sfilepath=uiputfile(*.jpg;*.bmp;*.tif;*.*,saveThe picture,untitled.jpg)選擇圖像文件保存的路徑與格式；然后，通過sfilefullname=sfilepath ,sfilename;imwrite(handles.img,sfilefullname); 實(shí)現(xiàn)對圖像的保存。4.2 圖像的點(diǎn)操作（1） 直方圖增強(qiáng)對比度 function m_file

8、_zhifangtu_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to m_file_zhifangtu (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) T=getimage; g1=T(:,:,1);g2=T(:,:,2); g3=T(:,:,3); g1=histeq(g1); g1=histeq(g1)

9、; g1=histeq(g1); g(:,:,1)=g1; g(:,:,2)=g2; g(:,:,3)=g3; axes(handles.axes2); imshow(g); handles.img=g; guidata(hObject,handles); 程序關(guān)鍵部分： 把彩色圖像的三個通道分別加以處理 g1=T(:,:,1)，g1=histeq(g1)，然后再把處理后的圖像合并g(:,:,1)=g1。 J=histeq(I,n) 指定均衡化后的灰度級數(shù) n ，缺省值為 64；（2）顯示直方圖 function m_file_xianshizhi_Callback(hObject, even

10、tdata, handles)% hObject handle to m_file_xianshizhi (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global I T=getimage; zf=rgb2gray(T); axes(handles.axes2); %axes imhist(zf) handles.img=I; guidata(hObject,handl

11、es);程序關(guān)鍵部分：首先把彩色圖轉(zhuǎn)化為會灰度圖，然后用imhist()函數(shù)顯示直方圖。imhist(I,n) 其中，n 為指定的灰度級數(shù)目，缺省值為256；imhist(X,map) 就算和顯示索引色圖像 X 的直方圖，map 為調(diào)色板。用stem(x,counts) 同樣可以顯示直方圖。4.3 圖像的模板操作（1） 均值濾波器 function m_file_junyunlubo_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to m_file_junyunlubo (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved

12、- to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) T=getimage; J=imfilter(T,(fspecial(average,3,3); axes(handles.axes2); imshow(J); handles.img=T; guidata(hObject,handles);程序關(guān)鍵部分：此段程序主要調(diào)用這個兩個函數(shù)：（1）B=imfilter(A,h)，將原始圖像 A 按指定的濾波器 h 進(jìn)行濾波增強(qiáng)處理，增強(qiáng)后的圖

13、像 B 與 A 的尺寸和類型相同。（2）H=fspecial(average,n)， 均值濾波器。 （2）二維拉普拉斯運(yùn)算濾波器function m_file_laplacian_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to m_file_laplacian (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

14、 T=getimage; J=imfilter(T,fspecial(laplacian); axes(handles.axes2); imshow(J); handles.img=T; guidata(hObject,handles);程序關(guān)鍵部分：此段程序主要調(diào)用這個兩個函數(shù)：（1）B=imfilter(A,h)，將原始圖像 A 按指定的濾波器 h 進(jìn)行濾波增強(qiáng)處理，增強(qiáng)后的圖像 B 與 A 的尺寸和類型相同。（2）H=fspecial(laplacian,alpha) 近似二維拉普拉斯運(yùn)算濾波器（3）Sobel 水平邊緣增強(qiáng)濾波器function m_file_So_Callback(h

15、Object, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to m_file_So (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) T=getimage; J=imfilter(T,fspecial(sobel); axes(handles.axes2); imshow(J); handles.img=T; guidata(hObject,h

16、andles);程序關(guān)鍵部分：此段程序主要調(diào)用這個兩個函數(shù)：（1）B=imfilter(A,h)，將原始圖像 A 按指定的濾波器 h 進(jìn)行濾波增強(qiáng)處理，增強(qiáng)后的圖像 B 與 A 的尺寸和類型相同。（2）H=fspecial(sobel) Sobel 水平邊緣增強(qiáng)濾波器（4）Prewitt 水平邊緣增強(qiáng)濾波器 function m_file_Pre_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to m_file_Pre (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a futur

17、e version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) T=getimage; J=imfilter(T,fspecial(prewitt); axes(handles.axes2);imshow(J); handles.img=T; guidata(hObject,handles);程序關(guān)鍵部分：此段程序主要調(diào)用這個兩個函數(shù)：（1）B=imfilter(A,h)，將原始圖像 A 按指定的濾波器 h 進(jìn)行濾波增強(qiáng)處理，增強(qiáng)后的圖像 B 與 A 的尺寸和類型相同。（2）H=fspecial(p

18、rewitt)Prewitt 水平邊緣增強(qiáng)濾波器（5）中值濾波器 function m_file_zhongzhi_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to m_file_zhongzhi (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) T=getimage; g1=medfilt2(T(:,:,1)

19、; g2=medfilt2(T(:,:,2); g3=medfilt2(T(:,:,3); g(:,:,1)=g1; g(:,:,2)=g2; g(:,:,3)=g3; axes(handles.axes2); imshow(g); handles.img=T; guidata(hObject,handles); 程序關(guān)鍵部分： 把彩色圖像的三個通道分別加以處理 g1=medfilt2(T(:,:,1)，然后再把處理后的圖像合并g(:,:,1)=g1。medfilt2（）中值濾波器4.4添加噪聲（1） 椒鹽噪聲 function m_file_jiaoyan_Callback(hObject,

20、 eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to m_file_jiaoyan (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global TT=getimage;prompt=椒鹽噪聲參數(shù):; defans=0; p=inputdlg(prompt,input,1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); J=imnoise(T,s

21、alt & pepper,p1); axes(handles.axes1); imshow(J); handles.img=J; guidata(hObject,handles);（2）均勻噪聲 function m_file_junyun_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to m_file_junyun (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles

22、 and user data (see GUIDATA) global T T=getimage; prompt=均勻噪聲1:; defans=0.02; p=inputdlg(prompt,input,1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); J=imnoise(T,speckle,p1); axes(handles.axes1); imshow(J); handles.img=J; guidata(hObject,handles);（3）高斯噪聲 function m_file_gaosi_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObje

23、ct handle to m_file_gaosi (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) global T T=getimage; prompt=輸入高斯噪聲1:,輸入高斯噪聲2; defans=0,0.02; p=inputdlg(prompt,input,1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); p2=str2num(p2); J=imnoise

24、(T,gaussian,p1,p2); axes(handles.axes1); imshow(J); handles.img=J; guidata(hObject,handles); 程序關(guān)鍵部分：加入噪聲。通過imnoise(I,type,parameters)來加入各種噪聲。imnoise(I,type) 返回對圖像 I 添加典型噪聲后的有噪圖像 J ，參數(shù) type 和 parameter 用于確定噪聲的類型和相應(yīng)的參數(shù)。4.5圖像的頻域操作（1） 巴特沃斯低通濾波器 function m_file_ditong_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles

25、)% hObject handle to m_file_ditong (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) T=getimage; prompt=低通濾波器截止頻率:; defans=0.2; p=inputdlg(prompt,input,1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); m n=size(T); for i=1:3 A=T(:,:,i);

26、 for j=1:m B=A(j,:); C=double(B); M,N=butter(8,0.1); D=filter(M,N,C); A(j,:)=D; end T(:,:,i)=A; end axes(handles.axes2); imshow(T); handles.img=T; guidata(hObject,handles);（2） 巴特沃斯高通濾波器 function m_file_gaotong_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to m_file_gaotong (see GCBO)% eventd

27、ata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)T=getimage;prompt=高通濾波器截止頻率:;defans=0.05;p=inputdlg(prompt,input,1,defans);p1=str2num(p1);m n=size(T);for i=1:3A=T(:,:,i); for j=1:mB=A(j,:);C=double(B);M,N=butter(8,0.1,high);D=filt

28、er(M,N,C);A(j,:)=D;endT(:,:,i)=A;end axes(handles.axes2); imshow(T); handles.img=T; guidata(hObject,handles); 程序關(guān)鍵部分：把彩色圖像的三個通道分別處理在合并。利用系統(tǒng)提供的巴特沃斯濾波器M,N=butter(n,wn,high/low),n為濾波器的階數(shù)，wn為截止頻率，high/low：高通/低通。D=filter(M,N,C)濾波。對于 D=filter(M,N,C) 使用矩陣MN 中的二維 FIR 濾波器對數(shù)據(jù)C 進(jìn)行濾波。4.6 圖像變形 （1） 水平翻轉(zhuǎn) function

29、m_file_zuoyou_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to m_file_zuoyou (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) global T T=getimage; g1=T(:,:,1); g2=T(:,:,2); g3=(T(:,:,3); g1=fliplr(g1); g2

30、=fliplr(g2); g3=fliplr(g3); g(:,:,1)=g1; g(:,:,2)=g2; g(:,:,3)=g3; axes(handles.axes2); imshow(g) ; （2）上下翻轉(zhuǎn) function m_file_shangxia_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to m_file_shangxia (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB %handles structu

31、re with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global TT=getimage; g1=T(:,:,1);g2=T(:,:,2);g3=T(:,:,3);g1=flipud(g1);g2=flipud(g2);g3=flipud(g3);g(:,:,1)=g1;g(:,:,2)=g2;g(:,:,3)=g3;axes(handles.axes2);imshow(g) ; 程序關(guān)鍵部分：上下翻轉(zhuǎn)與水平翻轉(zhuǎn)類似，上下翻轉(zhuǎn)函數(shù)flipud()，水平翻轉(zhuǎn)函數(shù) fliplr()把彩色圖像的三個通道分別處理在合并。（3）任意角度旋轉(zhuǎn) function m_fil

32、e_fanzhuan_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to m_file_fanzhuan (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage;prompt=xuanzhauanjiaodu:;defans=0;p=input

33、dlg(prompt,input,1,defans);p1=str2num(p1);f=imrotate(T,p1,bilinear,crop);imshow(f);handles.img=f;guidata(hObject,handles); 程序關(guān)鍵部分：f=imrotate(T,p1,bilinear,crop)實(shí)現(xiàn)任意角翻轉(zhuǎn)。p1輸入的旋轉(zhuǎn)角度，bilinear： 雙線性插值（Bilinear interpolation），crop： 通過對旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖像進(jìn)行裁剪， 保持旋轉(zhuǎn)后輸出圖像B的尺寸和輸入圖像A的尺寸一樣。 4.7 圖像灰度化 function m_file_huidutu_C

34、allback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to m_file_huidutu (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global IJ=rgb2gray(I);axes(handles.axes2); imshow(J); handles.img=J;guidata(hObject,handles);

35、 程序關(guān)鍵部分：J=rgb2gray(I)將彩色圖I轉(zhuǎn)化為灰度圖J。5.總結(jié)與體會通過為期一周的數(shù)字圖像課程設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐，使我對圖像的處理有了進(jìn)一步的了解和認(rèn)識。 當(dāng)我第一次拿到此次的課題時，感到有些無所適從。雖然，曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過數(shù)字圖像處理的課程，但由于對圖像處理的學(xué)習(xí)更多的只是停留在理論上的學(xué)習(xí)，在課時內(nèi)的試驗(yàn)也只是簡單的基礎(chǔ)性試驗(yàn)， 所以圖像處理的綜合運(yùn)用不是很熟練。雖然對課題感到很懵懂，但在我翻閱有關(guān)書籍和上網(wǎng)學(xué)習(xí)后，我開始找到了解決問題的路徑。我選擇用matlab的GUI程序設(shè)計(jì)一個簡單實(shí)用的圖像處理程序。重點(diǎn)是句柄的使用、GUI的使用以及matlab中相關(guān)圖像處理函數(shù)使用。 為此，在實(shí)踐正

36、式開始前，我利用課余時間，專門借閱了利用matlab進(jìn)行圖像處理的相關(guān)教程，通過索引網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的相關(guān)資料，為課設(shè)做了較為充分的準(zhǔn)備。在參考了相關(guān)材料及源程序，我對自己要做的課設(shè)內(nèi)容有了進(jìn)一步的了解，并對數(shù)字圖像處理的使用有了更深的體會。當(dāng)然，在課設(shè)的進(jìn)行過程中，我還是遇到了不少問題。例如，起初由于我對句柄使用以及一些函數(shù)使用的不恰當(dāng)，使得在對圖像文件的保存上就遇到了問題，不過最后我通過反復(fù)調(diào)試把問題解決了。 但是，總體來說，此次的課程設(shè)計(jì)，還是較為滿意的。它不但使我去鞏固課上所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)理論知識，還提高了我對matlab的實(shí)際操作運(yùn)用，使得理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合，為進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)字圖像處理打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)；同

37、時，在實(shí)踐的工程中，也讓我體會到一種努力付出并得到回報(bào)的滿足感覺。 參考文獻(xiàn)1 唐向宏、岳恒立、鄭雪峰等，MATLAB及在電子信息課程中的應(yīng)用，2009，電子工業(yè)出版社2 章毓晉，圖像處理和分析教程，2009，人民郵電出版社function varargout = tuxiang(varargin)% TUXIANG M-file for tuxiang.fig% TUXIANG, by itself, creates a new TUXIANG or raises the existing% singleton*.% H = TUXIANG returns the handle to a n

38、ew TUXIANG or the handle to% the existing singleton*.% TUXIANG(CALLBACK,hObject,eventData,handles,.) calls the local% function named CALLBACK in TUXIANG.M with the given input arguments.% TUXIANG(Property,Value,.) creates a new TUXIANG or raises the% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, prop

39、erty value pairs are% applied to the GUI before tuxiang_OpeningFunction gets called. An% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application% stop. All inputs are passed to tuxiang_OpeningFcn via varargin.% *See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu. Choose GUI allows only one% instanc

40、e to run (singleton).% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES% Copyright 2002-2003 The MathWorks, Inc.% Edit the above text to modify the response to help tuxiang% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 14-Jul-2014 10:39:26% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDITgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct(gui_Name, mf

41、ilename, . gui_Singleton, gui_Singleton, . gui_OpeningFcn, tuxiang_OpeningFcn, . gui_OutputFcn, tuxiang_OutputFcn, . gui_LayoutFcn, , . gui_Callback, );if nargin & ischar(varargin1) gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin1);endif nargout varargout1:nargout = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin:);else

42、 gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin:);end% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT% - Executes just before tuxiang is made visible.function tuxiang_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be def

43、ined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% varargin command line arguments to tuxiang (see VARARGIN)% Choose default command line output for tuxianghandles.output = hObject;% Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles);% UIWAIT makes tuxiang

44、 wait for user response (see UIRESUME)% uiwait(handles.figure1);% - Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.function varargout = tuxiang_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);% hObject handle to figure% eventdata r

45、eserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout1 = handles.output;% - Executes on button press in pushbutton1.function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObje

46、ct handle to edit1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hints: get(hObject,String) returns contents of edit1 as text% str2double(get(hObject,String) returns contents of edit1 as a double% - Executes

47、during object creation, after setting all properties.function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called% Hint: edit controls

48、 usually have a white background on Windows.% See ISPC and COMPUTER.if ispc set(hObject,BackgroundColor,white);else set(hObject,BackgroundColor,get(0,defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor);endfunction edit2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to

49、be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hints: get(hObject,String) returns contents of edit2 as text% str2double(get(hObject,String) returns contents of edit2 as a double% - Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.fu

50、nction edit2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.% See ISPC and COMPUTER.if ispc set(hObject,BackgroundColor,white);else set(hObject,Backgro