英譯漢謂語(yǔ)確定

1、句子翻譯之謂語(yǔ)確定句子翻譯之謂語(yǔ)確定英語(yǔ)句子謂語(yǔ)只有英語(yǔ)句子謂語(yǔ)只有動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組才能充當(dāng)才能充當(dāng)She was smiling.He likes translation.They have become health-conscious.John is at home.We gave him advice.We consider that plan wonderful.He has put the salt on the table.The children might have been playing in the garden.I agree with you on th

2、at point.In the valley we came across a group of Mexicans.英漢謂語(yǔ)之比較英漢謂語(yǔ)之比較漢語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)也是句子中的重要成分，但漢語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)也是句子中的重要成分，但漢語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)除了用動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，還可以用形容詞除了用動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，還可以用形容詞、名詞或其他名詞或其他詞語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。詞語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。他買了一本書(shū)。他買了一本書(shū)。他是江蘇人。他是江蘇人。小王今年小王今年29歲。歲。南京的秋天很美。南京的秋天很美。我的老師今天不在學(xué)校。我的老師今天不在學(xué)校。在英語(yǔ)句子中，作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞對(duì)句子其他成分的形在英語(yǔ)句子中，作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞對(duì)句子其他成分的形式和句子結(jié)構(gòu)有很大影響

3、。謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，在式和句子結(jié)構(gòu)有很大影響。謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，在人稱和數(shù)人稱和數(shù)上必須和主語(yǔ)一致。上必須和主語(yǔ)一致。He has put the salt( them) on the table.漢語(yǔ)句子中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)只要求在語(yǔ)義上一致，而無(wú)漢語(yǔ)句子中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)只要求在語(yǔ)義上一致，而無(wú)須在形式上對(duì)應(yīng)。漢語(yǔ)句子中謂語(yǔ)不受主語(yǔ)支配，須在形式上對(duì)應(yīng)。漢語(yǔ)句子中謂語(yǔ)不受主語(yǔ)支配，沒(méi)有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)變化。沒(méi)有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)變化。我常我常去去北京。北京。I often go to Beijing.他常他常去去上海。上海。He often goes to Shanghai.他昨天他昨天去去了常州。了常州。He

4、went to Changzhou yesterday.從這三個(gè)例子看出，漢語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)無(wú)形態(tài)變化，而英從這三個(gè)例子看出，漢語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)無(wú)形態(tài)變化，而英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)有變化。語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)有變化。 v英譯時(shí)謂語(yǔ)的確定英譯時(shí)謂語(yǔ)的確定1 謂語(yǔ)確定應(yīng)充分謂語(yǔ)確定應(yīng)充分、貼切傳達(dá)原意；貼切傳達(dá)原意；中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)將融入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)大潮。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)將融入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)大潮。The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy.The economy of China will converge with that of the world.中央政府不干預(yù)香港特

5、別行政區(qū)的事務(wù)。中央政府不干預(yù)香港特別行政區(qū)的事務(wù)。The central government has refrained from intervening in the affairs of the HKSAR.The central government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.這些時(shí)裝模特逐漸鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái)，有了自信。這些時(shí)裝模特逐漸鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái)，有了自信。These fashion models gradually calmed down, restored self-confidence.Gradually, thes

6、e fashion models calmed down and regained self-confidence.這座旅館能接待這座旅館能接待300多個(gè)旅客。多個(gè)旅客。This hotel can contain over three hundred passengers.This hotel can accommodate over three hundred guests.2 漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)變化，時(shí)態(tài)概念通過(guò)詞匯手段來(lái)漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)變化，時(shí)態(tài)概念通過(guò)詞匯手段來(lái)表達(dá)，英譯時(shí)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)要與原文一致表達(dá)，英譯時(shí)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)要與原文一致:新的景點(diǎn)不斷出現(xiàn)，觀光人數(shù)不斷增加，地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)新的景點(diǎn)不斷出現(xiàn)，觀

7、光人數(shù)不斷增加，地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)也有了也有了很大發(fā)展。很大發(fā)展。窗戶玻璃打破窗戶玻璃打破了了。在教室里，有人問(wèn)在教室里，有人問(wèn)了了老師許多問(wèn)題。老師許多問(wèn)題。今年今年要要多考幾個(gè)資格證。多考幾個(gè)資格證。據(jù)說(shuō)，他已經(jīng)去了日本。據(jù)說(shuō)，他已經(jīng)去了日本。It is said that he has gone to Japan.已經(jīng)達(dá)成了多項(xiàng)協(xié)議。已經(jīng)達(dá)成了多項(xiàng)協(xié)議。A lot of agreements have been reached.今年要出臺(tái)多項(xiàng)新政策。今年要出臺(tái)多項(xiàng)新政策。Many new policies will be formulated this year.同學(xué)們選他做代表，他很高興。同學(xué)們

8、選他做代表，他很高興。His classmates elected him representative, so he was very glad.這位駕駛員開(kāi)車時(shí)心不在焉，幾乎引起一場(chǎng)車禍。這位駕駛員開(kāi)車時(shí)心不在焉，幾乎引起一場(chǎng)車禍。The drivers absent-mindedness during his driving nearly caused a traffic accident.他從未料到問(wèn)題會(huì)這么復(fù)雜。他從未料到問(wèn)題會(huì)這么復(fù)雜。He has never expected that the problem is so complicated.3 用系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語(yǔ)用系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂

9、語(yǔ),連系動(dòng)詞之后須帶主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞之后須帶主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（Subject complement)這些椅子舒適大方，攜帶方便。這些椅子舒適大方，攜帶方便。These chairs are comfortable and convenient to carry.她變得如此溫柔和體貼。她變得如此溫柔和體貼。she becomes so gentle and considerate.在陌生的環(huán)境里她感到很不自在。在陌生的環(huán)境里她感到很不自在。she didnt feel completely at ease in the strange surroundings.我們的國(guó)防變得越來(lái)越鞏固和強(qiáng)大。我們的國(guó)防

10、變得越來(lái)越鞏固和強(qiáng)大。Our national defense becomes more and more consolidatory and powerful.他在會(huì)上說(shuō)的話非常正確，非常有說(shuō)服力。他在會(huì)上說(shuō)的話非常正確，非常有說(shuō)服力。What he said at the meeting is very right and persuasive.他們的言語(yǔ)和行動(dòng)充滿了信心和自豪。他們的言語(yǔ)和行動(dòng)充滿了信心和自豪。They are confident and proud in their speeches and actions.4 謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上必

11、須保持一致:當(dāng)前，我國(guó)的職業(yè)教育和成人教育正在加快發(fā)展。當(dāng)前，我國(guó)的職業(yè)教育和成人教育正在加快發(fā)展。Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on energetically in our country.五十英里對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是很長(zhǎng)一段路程。五十英里對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是很長(zhǎng)一段路程。Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.5 如果在一個(gè)句子中有幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞，就確定一個(gè)動(dòng)詞如果在一個(gè)句子中有幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞，就確定一個(gè)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，其他動(dòng)詞可譯作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞短作謂語(yǔ)，其他動(dòng)詞可譯作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)

12、語(yǔ):他告訴我在各種情況下都要保持冷靜。他告訴我在各種情況下都要保持冷靜。He told me to keep calm under all circumstances.女主人端著幾杯葡萄酒走了進(jìn)來(lái)。女主人端著幾杯葡萄酒走了進(jìn)來(lái)。The hostess came in with several glasses of wine.南寧市政府招商代表團(tuán)吸引了許多東南亞客商來(lái)南南寧市政府招商代表團(tuán)吸引了許多東南亞客商來(lái)南寧洽談項(xiàng)目。寧洽談項(xiàng)目。The delegation of inviting investment of Nanning City has attracted many business

13、men from Southeast Asia to Nanning to hold talks on different projects.上海采取了一系列優(yōu)惠政策吸引外資。上海采取了一系列優(yōu)惠政策吸引外資。A series of preferential policies have been adopted in Shanghai to attract foreign capital.6 如果不知道原文動(dòng)作發(fā)出者是誰(shuí)，或原文主語(yǔ)為如果不知道原文動(dòng)作發(fā)出者是誰(shuí)，或原文主語(yǔ)為人們、大家等，或句中含有據(jù)說(shuō)、據(jù)傳等提法時(shí)，人們、大家等，或句中含有據(jù)說(shuō)、據(jù)傳等提法時(shí)，譯文中謂語(yǔ)常用被動(dòng)譯文中謂語(yǔ)常用

14、被動(dòng):新改建的城中公園建了許多草坪。新改建的城中公園建了許多草坪。Plenty of lawns were built in the gardens of the new-renovated citys centers.大家知道鹽對(duì)金屬有很強(qiáng)的腐蝕作用。大家知道鹽對(duì)金屬有很強(qiáng)的腐蝕作用。Salt is known to have a strong corroding effect on metals.應(yīng)該教育孩子講實(shí)話。應(yīng)該教育孩子講實(shí)話。Children should be taught to tell the truth.幾年前發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆新彗星。幾年前發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆新彗星。A new comet was