人教版高中英語必修2語法被動語態(tài)

1、 GrammarThe passive voiceBook 2語態(tài)語態(tài)(voice)是個語法范疇，它是一種動詞形是個語法范疇，它是一種動詞形式，表示動詞的主語與該動詞所表示的動作之式，表示動詞的主語與該動詞所表示的動作之間的主動和被動關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語是動作的執(zhí)行者間的主動和被動關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，動詞用主動語態(tài)（時，動詞用主動語態(tài)（Active Voice）；如果）；如果主語是動作的承受者，動詞便用被動語態(tài)主語是動作的承受者，動詞便用被動語態(tài)（Passive Voice）。）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我們打掃了教室。昨天我們打掃了教室。

2、The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我們打掃了。昨天教室被我們打掃了。一、被動語態(tài)的定義：We speak English.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語English is spoken by us.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。當(dāng)主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，原來的賓語變成了主語，原來的主語變成了介詞by 的賓語。主動句與被動句的結(jié)構(gòu)雖然不同，但動作的執(zhí)行者和承受者的關(guān)系并沒有改變。二、被動語態(tài)的一般結(jié)構(gòu)：即：be+ done (+ by)在被動句中有時用在被動句中

3、有時用by- 詞組，有時不用。一般詞組，有時不用。一般來說，當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者為誰不甚清楚，不甚重來說，當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者為誰不甚清楚，不甚重要或難以說出時，通常不用要或難以說出時，通常不用by。但有時為了強。但有時為了強調(diào)動作執(zhí)行者或者由于上下和結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要則調(diào)動作執(zhí)行者或者由于上下和結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要則必須使用必須使用 by 詞組。例如：詞組。例如：Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 哈姆雷特哈姆雷特是莎士比亞寫的。是莎士比亞寫的。The task has been finished. 任務(wù)已經(jīng)完成了。任務(wù)已經(jīng)完成了。結(jié)構(gòu)： be+ done (+ by)The str

4、ucture of the simple future voicebe going to do sth.be about to do sth.shall/will do sth.be to do sth. GrammarThe usage of the future passive voice 將來時的被動語態(tài)將來時的被動語態(tài)1.We will discuss the problem at the meeting.The problem will be discussed at the meeting.2.I will finish my homework in ten minutes.My.

5、 Homework will be finished in ten minutes.3.They will invite us to the party.We will/shall be invited to the party.將來時的被動語態(tài)的基本形式：將來時的被動語態(tài)的基本形式：主語主語+will/shall be doneShall 用于第一人稱，用于第一人稱，will用于各種人稱用于各種人稱They will have a show tomorrow. A show will be had (by them) tomorrow.A talk will be given(by him)

6、 soon.He will give a talk soon.Have a try!Turn the following sentences into the future passive voice.一般將來時的其他常見的被動語態(tài)形式一般將來時的其他常見的被動語態(tài)形式1be going to do sth. be going to be done常用來表示按計劃或安排將來要發(fā)生的常用來表示按計劃或安排將來要發(fā)生的被動動作。被動動作。The old library is going to be pulled down soon.E.g.:那座舊的圖書館很快要被拆除了。那座舊的圖書館很快要被拆除

7、了。E.g.:他的新書下個月就要出版了。他的新書下個月就要出版了。His new book is going to be published next month.be to do sth. be to be doneYour homework is to be handed in tomorrow.E.g.:你們的家庭作業(yè)明天必須要交上來。你們的家庭作業(yè)明天必須要交上來。E.g.:這個任務(wù)要在這個任務(wù)要在10分鐘之內(nèi)完成。分鐘之內(nèi)完成。The task is to be finished in ten minutes.be about to do sth. be about to be do

8、ne The wall is about to be painted by the worker.E.g.:工人將要去粉刷那堵墻。工人將要去粉刷那堵墻。 Obama has become the first African-American president in the United States of America.The Present Perfect TenseSentence structure:主語主語+have/has done現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去, ,并持續(xù)并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或者是過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響到現(xiàn)在或者是過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響. .經(jīng)

9、常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語經(jīng)常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語: recently, up to now, since then, so far, already, just, yet 等等.How many Harry Porter books has J.K.Rowling written?She has written seven Harry Porter books .Seven Harry Porter books have been written by J.K.Rowling.The Present Perfect Passive VoiceSentence structure: sub

10、ject + have/has +been+ doneIn what cases do we use the passive voice?1.不知道或沒有必要說明的動作的執(zhí)行者不知道或沒有必要說明的動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。是誰。2.強調(diào)動作的承受者，而不是發(fā)出者。強調(diào)動作的承受者，而不是發(fā)出者。Change the following sentences into active or passive voice.1. Liu Xiang has ever broken the world record.The world record has ever been broken by Liu Xian

11、g.2. The floor has been cleaned by my mother.My mother has cleaned the floor.電影電影畫皮畫皮2是由陳是由陳嘉上最近導(dǎo)演的。嘉上最近導(dǎo)演的。Painted Skin has recently been directed by Chen Jiashang。The Present Progressive Passive Voice 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài) The present progressive passive voice 1) 表示表示“某人某人/事此時此刻正在事此時此刻正在被被”, 主語是動作的

12、承受者。主語是動作的承受者。 2) 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)形式：現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)形式： am / is / arebeing過去分詞。過去分詞。 它的否定形式是把它的否定形式是把not放在第一個放在第一個助動詞之后助動詞之后,即即am/is/arenotbeing過去分詞。過去分詞。 疑問形式是把第一個助動詞放到句疑問形式是把第一個助動詞放到句首，句末改為問號，即首，句末改為問號，即Am/Is/Are主語主語being過去分詞？過去分詞？ “三變?nèi)儭?原句主語變?yōu)樵渲髡Z變?yōu)閎y短語短語,賓語賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z變?yōu)橹髡Z,謂語由主動變?yōu)楸粍樱恢^語由主動變?yōu)楸粍樱?“三不變?nèi)蛔儭?原句意思不變原句

13、意思不變, 原句時原句時態(tài)不變態(tài)不變, 原句主謂賓以外成分不變。原句主謂賓以外成分不變。 They are building nine parks. Nine parks are being built. How many parks are being built? 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài):現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)基本用法：基本用法： 表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的被動動作。表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的被動動作。e.g.Mary is being interviewed now.My car is being repaired now. Whats the matter?2. 表現(xiàn)階

14、段正在進行的被動動作。表現(xiàn)階段正在進行的被動動作。The disease is being studied at present by scientists. The life of the panda is being studied at present . 現(xiàn)在正在研究熊現(xiàn)在正在研究熊貓的生活環(huán)境。貓的生活環(huán)境。Practice 1. I dont suppose the police know who did it. Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _now. A. has being questioned

15、 B. is questioning C. has questioned D. is being questioned語法填空語法填空 1.Its said(據(jù)說) that the long bridge_（build）in two months 2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now 3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_（not find）so far 5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down will be builtis being discussedisspokenhasnt been foundwere cutError correcting I have a lot of homework to be done tonight Is your history te