高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法講義15if的隱含和省略以及與butfor相關(guān)虛擬語(yǔ)氣知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)/復(fù)習(xí)講義虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)講義15【精講版全國(guó)通用】if的隱含和省略以及與but for相關(guān)虛擬語(yǔ)氣知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)虛擬條件句中if的隱含或省略語(yǔ)言是靈活多變的，表達(dá)是豐富多彩的。有的時(shí)候虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表現(xiàn)形式也顯得非常靈活，比如就說(shuō)其中的虛擬條件吧它有時(shí)會(huì)以if從句來(lái)表示，但有時(shí)會(huì)用某種短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示，比如不定式短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)等等。1. if的隱含I should be happy to go with you.如果能與你一起去，我將很高興。句中的不定式短語(yǔ)to go with you就是表示虛擬條件的，它相當(dāng)于if I could go with you。這句話(huà)的言外之意是：

2、可惜我不一定有機(jī)會(huì)同你一起去。To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination.你學(xué)習(xí)更用功些，你早就考及格了。句中的不定式短語(yǔ)to have studied harder也是表示虛擬條件的，它相當(dāng)于if you had studied harder。句子的言外之意是：可惜你當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有更用功我，所以你就沒(méi)有考及格。Failing this time, what would you do？假若這次失敗，那你怎么辦？句中的分詞短語(yǔ)failing this time表示虛擬條件，相當(dāng)于if you failed this tim

3、e。其言外之意是：盡管失敗的可能性很小，但還是有可能會(huì)失敗，假若失敗了，那怎么辦？Without your help, we couldnt have succeeded.如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們就不會(huì)取得成功。句中的介詞短語(yǔ)without your help表示虛擬條件，相當(dāng)于if you hadnt given us help。其言外之意是：好在你幫助了我們，所以我們?nèi)〉昧顺晒Α didnt know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldnt have believed him.我不知道他是個(gè)騙子，不然我也不會(huì)相信他了。句中的or else隱含著一個(gè)虛擬

4、條件，它相當(dāng)于if I had known he was a cheat。句子的言外之意是：當(dāng)是我竟然相信了他。2. if的省略在虛擬條件句中，有時(shí)可將引民虛擬條件句的連詞if省略，但此時(shí)應(yīng)用倒裝句型，即將從句中的were, should, had等提到句首。如：如果她在這里，她也同意的。If he were here, she would agree too.Were she here, she would agree too.假若明天下雨，我們只好推遲這場(chǎng)比賽。If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.S

5、hould it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.要是我們當(dāng)時(shí)早點(diǎn)找到他的話(huà)，我們就可以救活他。If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.Had we found him earlier we could have saved his life.注意，如果條件從句的謂語(yǔ)為否定式，其中的否定詞not應(yīng)置于主語(yǔ)之后，而不能與were, should, had等縮略成Werent, Shouldnt, Hadnt而置于句首。我如不是警告了你，你就可能喪命了。正

6、：If I hadnt warned you, you could have been killed.正：Had I not warned you, you could have been killed.誤：Hadnt I warned you, you could have been killed.另外，有時(shí)省略if后提前到句首的had可能不是助動(dòng)詞，而是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。如：Had I time, I would go with you.假如我有時(shí)間，我就同你們一起去。句中的had不是構(gòu)成過(guò)去完成時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞，而是表示“有”，如果不省略if，其完整形式為：If I had time, I would

7、 go with you. 表示“若不是”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型英語(yǔ)中有幾個(gè)表示“若不是”“要不是”的固定表達(dá)，它們總是用于引出虛擬條件，句子謂語(yǔ)總是用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這幾個(gè)句型是：1. but for它的意思是“要不是有”“若不是因?yàn)椤?，?xí)慣上與虛擬語(yǔ)氣連用。如：The car broke down. But for that we would have been in time.汽車(chē)出毛病了。要不是那個(gè)我們會(huì)及時(shí)趕到的。But for the storm, I would have been home before eight.要不是因?yàn)檫@場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴，我早在8點(diǎn)鐘以前就回到家里了。2. if it were

8、 not for主要用于談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在的情況，意思也是“要不是有”“若不是因?yàn)椤?，相?yīng)的主句總是用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：If it werent for your help, I would still be homeless.若非你的幫助，我仍會(huì)無(wú)家可歸。If it were not for your quick play, our team would not win.若沒(méi)有你敏捷的技巧，我們球隊(duì)是不會(huì)贏的。3. if it had not been for主要用于談?wù)撨^(guò)去的情況，意思也是“要不是有”“若不是因?yàn)椤保鄳?yīng)的主句總是用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：You wouldnt have seen her if

9、it hadnt been for him.如果不是因?yàn)樗?，你就不?huì)見(jiàn)到她了。If it hadnt been for the doctors care, I wouldnt have recovered so soon.要不是醫(yī)生的照顧，我不會(huì)痊愈得這么快。說(shuō)明：介詞without有時(shí)也可表示虛擬條件，意為“若不是”“要不是”，與but for用法相同。如：Without =But for your help, I would have failed.要不是有你的幫助，我就會(huì)失敗了。但是，without也可以不表示條件，只表示“沒(méi)有”的意思。如：Without a word he left

10、the room.沒(méi)有說(shuō)一句話(huà)他離開(kāi)了房間。but for一定要與虛擬語(yǔ)氣連用嗎假若but for表示if it were not for或if it had not been for這樣的意思（即表示“若不是”“要不是”），它一定要與虛擬語(yǔ)氣連用。如：But for his pension, he would starve.要不是他有養(yǎng)老金，他就挨餓了。But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.要不是碰到暴雨，我們還會(huì)早些到。But for your help we couldnthave succeeded in the exper

11、iment.如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是不會(huì)成功的。如果but for不是表示if it were not for或if it had not been for這樣的意思，而是構(gòu)成not forbut for這樣的搭配，或其中的but只是一個(gè)普通的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，其后的for也只是一個(gè)普通的介詞，此時(shí)顯然不必與虛擬語(yǔ)氣連用。如：Im not afraid for me, but for the baby.我不是為我擔(dān)心，而是為寶寶擔(dān)心。We dont usually accept checks, but for you well make an exception.我們通常接受支票，但對(duì)你我們可以破例。The sale was supposed to last for a week