商務(wù)函電翻譯

1、第五章涉外商務(wù)信函的翻譯知識(shí)目標(biāo)：1. 了解商務(wù)信函的構(gòu)成要素。 2. 認(rèn)知商務(wù)信函的語言特點(diǎn)及翻譯技巧。 3. 熟知商務(wù)英語的特點(diǎn)及翻譯原則。能力目標(biāo)：1. 能夠借助相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行商務(wù)信函的互譯。 2. 能夠根據(jù)相關(guān)要求撰寫中英文商務(wù)信函。 Business Correspondences 返回返回1.商務(wù)信函(business correspondence) Business correspondence is the letter Business correspondence is the letter which is used for delivering information w

2、hich is used for delivering information and handle business affairsand handle business affairs，contacting contacting with each other in daily communication. with each other in daily communication. The often-used business correspondence The often-used business correspondence mainly include negotiatio

3、n letter, inquiry mainly include negotiation letter, inquiry letter, counter offer, request letter letter, counter offer, request letter inform letter and contact rm letter and contact letter. 商務(wù)函電是指在日常的商務(wù)往來中用以傳遞信息、處商務(wù)函電是指在日常的商務(wù)往來中用以傳遞信息、處理商務(wù)事宜以及聯(lián)絡(luò)和溝通關(guān)系的信函、電訊文書。常理商務(wù)事宜以及聯(lián)絡(luò)和溝通關(guān)系的信函、電訊文書。常用的

4、商務(wù)信函主要有商洽函、詢問函、答復(fù)函、請(qǐng)求函、用的商務(wù)信函主要有商洽函、詢問函、答復(fù)函、請(qǐng)求函、告知函和聯(lián)系函等。告知函和聯(lián)系函等。商務(wù)信函內(nèi)容商務(wù)信函涉及商務(wù)活動(dòng)的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，貫穿商務(wù)活動(dòng)的始終，內(nèi)容廣商務(wù)信函涉及商務(wù)活動(dòng)的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，貫穿商務(wù)活動(dòng)的始終，內(nèi)容廣泛。通常包括：泛。通常包括：establish business relationship establish business relationship 建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系inquiry inquiry 詢盤詢盤offer offer 發(fā)盤發(fā)盤counter-offer counter-offer 還盤還盤AcceptanceAc

5、ceptance 受盤受盤placing order placing order 訂立合同訂立合同insurance insurance 保險(xiǎn)保險(xiǎn)shipment shipment 裝運(yùn)裝運(yùn)claim claim 索賠索賠 1.信頭信頭 The heading （letterhead）2.編號(hào)（寫信人的名字縮寫）和日編號(hào)（寫信人的名字縮寫）和日期期 reference （The sender name） and the date 3、封內(nèi)地址、封內(nèi)地址 The inside address4、事由、事由 The subject heading5、稱呼、稱呼 The salutation6、開頭

6、語、開頭語 The open sentences7、正文、正文 The body of the letter 8、結(jié)束語、結(jié)束語The close sentences 9、結(jié)尾敬語、結(jié)尾敬語 The complimentary close10、簽名、簽名 The signature 1、收信人的郵箱、收信人的郵箱 2、發(fā)信人的郵箱、發(fā)信人的郵箱 3、寫信日期、寫信日期 4、時(shí)間、時(shí)間 5、主題、主題 6、稱呼、稱呼 7、正文、正文 8、結(jié)尾敬語、結(jié)尾敬語 9、簽名、簽名 10、聯(lián)系方法、聯(lián)系方法縮寫名、附件及分送標(biāo)志部分縮寫名、附件及分送標(biāo)志部分 （IEC: initials, enclosu

7、res and IEC: initials, enclosures and carbon copies blockcarbon copies block） 附言附言 (postscript)(postscript) Sincerely, Sincerely, Jane A Jane A McMurreyMcMurrey Jane A Jane A McMurreyMcMurrey, P.E., P.E. HVAC Consultant, Inc. HVAC Consultant, Inc. JAM/JAM/dmcdmc Encl.: invoice for consulting service

8、s Encl.: invoice for consulting services 2 2 涉外商務(wù)信函語篇風(fēng)格的特點(diǎn)，也稱涉外商務(wù)信函語篇風(fēng)格的特點(diǎn)，也稱7C7C原原則則 2 21 1 完整完整 (completeness)(completeness) 2 22 2 簡潔簡潔 (conciseness)(conciseness) 2 23 3 具體具體 (concreteness)(concreteness) 2 24 4 正確正確 (correctness)(correctness) 2 25 5 清晰清晰 (clarity)(clarity) 2 26 6 體諒體諒 (considerat

9、ion)(consideration) 2 27 7 禮貌禮貌 (courtesy)(courtesy)2 21 1 完整完整 (completeness)(completeness) Cellulose Tape 1/2x 3yds,Cellulose Tape 1/2x 3yds, with plastic dispenser 700 doz./ with plastic dispenser 700 doz./ditto-but 1/2“ x 5 yds,1,000doz.” ditto-but 1/2“ x 5 yds,1,000doz.” 這是出口商接到的一份定單中有關(guān)這是出口商接到的

10、一份定單中有關(guān)商品品名，規(guī)格和數(shù)量的內(nèi)容。商品品名，規(guī)格和數(shù)量的內(nèi)容。中文意思是：中文意思是： “纖素帶（幅）寬半英寸，長碼，帶塑料包裝容器纖素帶（幅）寬半英寸，長碼，帶塑料包裝容器0 0打打； 同上，但（幅）寬寬半英寸，長碼，打。同上，但（幅）寬寬半英寸，長碼，打?！?問題問題是后半句不清楚。是后半句不清楚。 “ditto”“ditto”在這里表示前面提到的商品在這里表示前面提到的商品名稱纖維素帶，但不能包括名稱纖維素帶，但不能包括“帶塑料包裝容器帶塑料包裝容器”，因此，因此，幅寬半英寸長碼的纖維素帶是否有塑料包裝容器沒有說幅寬半英寸長碼的纖維素帶是否有塑料包裝容器沒有說清楚，不完整。清楚，

11、不完整。所以最好改成：所以最好改成： Cellulose Tape 1/2x 3yds, with plastic dispenser Cellulose Tape 1/2x 3yds, with plastic dispenser 700 doz. 700 doz. Cellulose Tape 1/2 x 5yds Cellulose Tape 1/2 x 5yds，with plastic dispenser with plastic dispenser 1000 doz.“ 1000 doz.“ 這樣既完整，又清楚明確，不引起誤解。這樣既完整，又清楚明確，不引起誤解。2 22 2 簡潔

12、簡潔 (conciseness)(conciseness) 簡潔簡潔 是有客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。雖然西方國家是有客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。雖然西方國家的作者之間在怎樣用詞才算的作者之間在怎樣用詞才算 簡潔簡潔 方面還方面還是有爭論的，不過他們的一些看法還是有是有爭論的，不過他們的一些看法還是有一定參考價(jià)值的。一定參考價(jià)值的。 怎樣才能使商業(yè)書信怎樣才能使商業(yè)書信 簡潔簡潔 ？ 西方國西方國家作者有很多建議，先介紹如下：家作者有很多建議，先介紹如下： egeg 2; 2;（一）（一） Avoid Commercial jargonAvoid Commercial jargonEgEg 1 1： Wordy:Wordy:

13、 We wish to acknowledge We wish to acknowledge receipt of your letter of November receipt of your letter of November 14 with the check for Stg.10 14 with the check for Stg.10 enclosed and wish to thank you for enclosed and wish to thank you for samesameConcise:Concise: We appreciate your letter We a

14、ppreciate your letter of November 14 and the check for of November 14 and the check for Stg. 10 you sent with it. Stg. 10 you sent with it. EgEg 2 2 ： Wordy: Wordy: We take liberty to approach you We take liberty to approach you with the request that you would be kind with the request that you would

15、 be kind enough to introduce to us some exporters enough to introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your cities. Would of cotton textiles in your cities. Would you please introduce to us some exporters you please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city? of cotton

16、textiles in your city? Concise: Concise: Please introduce to us some Please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your exporters of cotton textiles in your city. city. （二）（二） 長話短說，避免羅嗦長話短說，避免羅嗦 EgEg： Please see that an enquiry is conducted to Please see that an enquiry is conducted to

17、 determine the reason.determine the reason. Please find out the reason. Please find out the reason. We express our regret at being unable to We express our regret at being unable to fulfill your order on this occasion. fulfill your order on this occasion. We are sorry we cannot meet your present We

18、are sorry we cannot meet your present order. order. 要使用簡潔的語言，有可能的話，要使用簡潔的語言，有可能的話， 盡量盡量使用單詞來代替某些矯揉做作的短語。使用單詞來代替某些矯揉做作的短語。 刪去不必要的形容詞，如下列句子中的形刪去不必要的形容詞，如下列句子中的形容詞或副詞刪去后并不影響句子的原意：容詞或副詞刪去后并不影響句子的原意： The proposal is under (active) The proposal is under (active) consideration. consideration. The answer is

19、 (definitely) correct. The answer is (definitely) correct. I would (rather) think the fare is I would (rather) think the fare is too high. too high. The (true) facts are as stated . The (true) facts are as stated .（三）三） 要注意每句句子的長短要注意每句句子的長短 例如：例如： “We would like to know whether you would “We would l

20、ike to know whether you would allow us to extend the time of shipment allow us to extend the time of shipment for twenty days, and if you would be so for twenty days, and if you would be so kind as to allow us to do so, kindly give kind as to allow us to do so, kindly give us your reply by cable wit

21、hout delay.” us your reply by cable without delay.” 這句話過分這句話過分“客氣客氣”，使句子過長而不清楚。內(nèi)，使句子過長而不清楚。內(nèi)容要求對(duì)方同意延期交貨容要求對(duì)方同意延期交貨2020天，一般情況下，應(yīng)天，一般情況下，應(yīng)盡可能提出延期到那一天的具體日期。盡可能提出延期到那一天的具體日期。（三）三） 要注意每句句子的長短要注意每句句子的長短 例如：例如： “We would like to know whether you would “We would like to know whether you would allow us to ex

22、tend the time of shipment allow us to extend the time of shipment for twenty days, and if you would be so for twenty days, and if you would be so kind as to allow us to do so, kindly give kind as to allow us to do so, kindly give us your reply by cable without delay.” us your reply by cable without

23、delay.” 這句話可壓縮為：這句話可壓縮為： Please reply by telegram immediately if Please reply by telegram immediately if you will allow us to delay the shipment you will allow us to delay the shipment until April 21.until April 21. 2 23 3 具體具體 (concreteness) (concreteness) 2 24 4 正確正確 (correctness)(correctness)商業(yè)書信

24、必須寫得正確，因?yàn)樗婕暗劫I賣商業(yè)書信必須寫得正確，因?yàn)樗婕暗劫I賣雙方的權(quán)利，義務(wù)，厲害關(guān)系，是各種商業(yè)雙方的權(quán)利，義務(wù)，厲害關(guān)系，是各種商業(yè)單據(jù)（如合同）的根據(jù)。單據(jù)（如合同）的根據(jù)。 廣義的說，商業(yè)廣義的說，商業(yè)書信的正確性表現(xiàn)在：書信的正確性表現(xiàn)在：（一）（一） 運(yùn)用正確的語言水平運(yùn)用正確的語言水平 （二）（二） 敘述得正確敘述得正確 （三）（三） 數(shù)字要正確數(shù)字要正確 （四）（四） 正確理解和運(yùn)用商業(yè)術(shù)語正確理解和運(yùn)用商業(yè)術(shù)語 （五）（五） 合適的寫作技巧或方法，以及正確合適的寫作技巧或方法，以及正確運(yùn)用其他的六個(gè)運(yùn)用其他的六個(gè) 。 （一）（一） 運(yùn)用正確的語言水平運(yùn)用正確的語言水平

25、（二（二 ）敘述得正確）敘述得正確敘述得正確敘述得正確： 商業(yè)書信的內(nèi)容要敘述得正確，既不要商業(yè)書信的內(nèi)容要敘述得正確，既不要說得不夠說得不夠(Understatement)(Understatement)，更不要說得過頭，更不要說得過頭(Overstatement)(Overstatement)。 EgEg 1 1 This stove is absolutely the best (or: the This stove is absolutely the best (or: the very best) on the market. very best) on the market. (

26、(這種爐子是市場上絕對(duì)最好的爐子。這種爐子是市場上絕對(duì)最好的爐子。) ) 這句話是用來介紹商品的，但沒有具體介紹商品的性這句話是用來介紹商品的，但沒有具體介紹商品的性能，而是抽象地?cái)喽ㄟ@種爐子是能，而是抽象地?cái)喽ㄟ@種爐子是“市場上最好的市場上最好的”。這樣介紹商品，不但不能達(dá)到推銷的目的，反而使人對(duì)這樣介紹商品，不但不能達(dá)到推銷的目的，反而使人對(duì)寫信人有寫信人有“賣狗皮膏藥賣狗皮膏藥”的感覺。的感覺。 改寫改寫 Our model A195 is designed on Our model A195 is designed on modern lines, without any increa

27、se in modern lines, without any increase in fuel consumption, 25% more heat than fuel consumption, 25% more heat than the older models. So you will agree the older models. So you will agree that it is the outstanding stove for that it is the outstanding stove for economy of fuel. economy of fuel. (

28、(我們的型爐子是按近代樣式設(shè)我們的型爐子是按近代樣式設(shè)計(jì)的，在不增加燃料消耗的情況下，比其他計(jì)的，在不增加燃料消耗的情況下，比其他各種舊式爐子溫度高。所以，你會(huì)同各種舊式爐子溫度高。所以，你會(huì)同意，這是優(yōu)良的節(jié)約燃料的爐子。意，這是優(yōu)良的節(jié)約燃料的爐子。) ) （三） 數(shù)字要正確 做對(duì)外貿(mào)易離不開數(shù)字。對(duì)商業(yè)書信中的數(shù)字的正確性要特別加做對(duì)外貿(mào)易離不開數(shù)字。對(duì)商業(yè)書信中的數(shù)字的正確性要特別加以注意，有時(shí)以注意，有時(shí)“失之毫厘，差之千里失之毫厘，差之千里”。甚至引起不同的理解。甚至引起不同的理解。 （a a）“以上以上”，“以下以下”，“以前以前”，“以后以后”，“從從到到”等的表達(dá)法等的表達(dá)法

29、 $2 or (and) $2 or (and) above(overabove(over) ) 二美元和二美元以上二美元和二美元以上60dozen or (and) up (upward, upwards)60dozen or (and) up (upward, upwards)6060打和打和6060打打以上以上2% or (and) more2% or (and) more 2%2%和和2%2%以上以上an order for 50 gross or upwardan order for 50 gross or upward5050羅或羅或5050羅羅以上的定單以上的定單an order

30、 for not less than 50 grossan order for not less than 50 gross不少于不少于5050羅羅的定單的定單5% up to 10% inclusive5% up to 10% inclusive 5%5%到到10%10%over 5% up to 10% inclusiveover 5% up to 10% inclusive5%5%以上到以上到10%10%（三） 數(shù)字要正確 （b b）from and including from and including today(thistoday(this date) date)從今日起（包括今

31、日）從今日起（包括今日）on and from Nov. 10;on and from Nov. 10; 從從1111月月1010日起日起on and after Nov.10;on and after Nov.10; （包括（包括1111月月1010日）日）as from Nov.10 as from Nov.10 從毀約之日起從毀約之日起as from the date of the breachas from the date of the breach（包括毀約之日）（包括毀約之日）up to $40 inclusive; up to $40 inclusive; 到到4040美元美元

32、up to the maximum of $40up to the maximum of $40（包括（包括4040美元）止美元）止up to and including Nov.20up to and including Nov.20到到1111月月2020日止日止（包括（包括1111月月2020日）日）as from the 1st to the 15th of March inclusive;as from the 1st to the 15th of March inclusive;從從3 3月月1 1日到日到1515日日from the 1st to 15th of March bo

33、th inclusivefrom the 1st to 15th of March both inclusive（包括（包括1 1日和日和1515日）日）during the period beginning on during the period beginning on 從從3 3月月1 1日起到日起到3 3月月3030日止日止March 1 and ending on March 30,March 1 and ending on March 30,這一期間（包括頭尾兩天）這一期間（包括頭尾兩天）both dates inclusive.both dates inclusive.（四）四

34、） 正確理解和運(yùn)用商業(yè)術(shù)語正確理解和運(yùn)用商業(yè)術(shù)語理解和運(yùn)用商業(yè)術(shù)語理解和運(yùn)用商業(yè)術(shù)語 ：一般常用的商業(yè)用語用字簡潔，意義明確一般常用的商業(yè)用語用字簡潔，意義明確，使用得好，工作進(jìn)行得順利，使用得不，使用得好，工作進(jìn)行得順利，使用得不好，就會(huì)引起混亂，誤解，甚至產(chǎn)生不必好，就會(huì)引起混亂，誤解，甚至產(chǎn)生不必要的糾紛要的糾紛. .如：如：You ask very short delivery for your You ask very short delivery for your order.order.寫信的人原意是說寫信的人原意是說“你們要求趕快交你們你們要求趕快交你們的定貨。的定貨?！?”

35、可是可是short deliveryshort delivery不是快點(diǎn)交貨的意不是快點(diǎn)交貨的意思，而是思，而是“短交短交”的意思，這就用錯(cuò)了的意思，這就用錯(cuò)了商業(yè)術(shù)語。商業(yè)術(shù)語。因此，應(yīng)該說：因此，應(yīng)該說：Your require quick (prompt) Your require quick (prompt) delivery of your order. delivery of your order. （五）正確運(yùn)用其他的六個(gè)（五）正確運(yùn)用其他的六個(gè) 。 2 25 5 清晰清晰 (clarity)(clarity)（一）避免使用可能產(chǎn)生不同理解或意義不明確（一）避免使用可能產(chǎn)生不同理

36、解或意義不明確的詞的詞 EgEg： As to the steamers sailing from As to the steamers sailing from HongkongHongkong to San Francisco, we have bimonthly direct to San Francisco, we have bimonthly direct services. services. ( (從香港到舊金山有直達(dá)船，從香港到舊金山有直達(dá)船，) ) 但是但是bimonthly bimonthly 究究竟是一個(gè)月兩次即半月一次呢，還是兩個(gè)月一次竟是一個(gè)月兩次即半月一次呢，還是兩

37、個(gè)月一次？不明確。？不明確。 因此，最好清楚明白說明因此，最好清楚明白說明 一個(gè)月兩次一個(gè)月兩次 還是還是 兩兩個(gè)月一次個(gè)月一次” ” （a a） We have two direct sailings every We have two direct sailings every month from month from HongkongHongkong to San Francisco. to San Francisco. （每月兩次直達(dá)船）（每月兩次直達(dá)船） （b b） We have semimonthly direct sailing We have semimonthly dir

38、ect sailing from from HongkongHongkong to San Francisco. to San Francisco. （每半月一次直達(dá)船）（每半月一次直達(dá)船） （c c） We have a direct sailing from We have a direct sailing from HongkongHongkong to San Francisco every two to San Francisco every two months. months. （每兩個(gè)月一次直達(dá)船）（每兩個(gè)月一次直達(dá)船） （二）注意修飾詞的位置，有時(shí)修飾詞的（二）注意修飾詞的位

39、置，有時(shí)修飾詞的位置不同，會(huì)導(dǎo)致不同的含意如：位置不同，會(huì)導(dǎo)致不同的含意如： a) Please let us know what you wish a) Please let us know what you wish us to do about this matter as soon as us to do about this matter as soon as possible; possible; b) Please let us know as soon as b) Please let us know as soon as possible what you wish us t

40、o do about possible what you wish us to do about this matter. this matter. （二）注意修飾詞的位置，有時(shí)修飾詞的位置不（二）注意修飾詞的位置，有時(shí)修飾詞的位置不同，會(huì)導(dǎo)致不同的含意如：同，會(huì)導(dǎo)致不同的含意如： a) Please let us know what you wish us to a) Please let us know what you wish us to do about this matter as soon as possible; do about this matter as soon as

41、possible; b) Please let us know as soon as possible b) Please let us know as soon as possible what you wish us to do about this matter. what you wish us to do about this matter. 以上兩句中的以上兩句中的“”“”修飾的內(nèi)容不同：修飾的內(nèi)容不同： a) a) 你們要求我們盡快做些什么。你們要求我們盡快做些什么。 b) b) 請(qǐng)盡快告訴我們。請(qǐng)盡快告訴我們。 a) a) 可譯成可譯成“請(qǐng)告知我們要為此盡快做些什請(qǐng)告知我們要為

42、此盡快做些什么么” b) b) 可譯為可譯為“請(qǐng)盡快告知，我們要為此事做請(qǐng)盡快告知，我們要為此事做些什么些什么”。 （三）（三） 注意代名詞，關(guān)系代詞和先行詞的關(guān)系注意代名詞，關(guān)系代詞和先行詞的關(guān)系 按照英語習(xí)慣，句子中的代名詞和關(guān)系代詞一按照英語習(xí)慣，句子中的代名詞和關(guān)系代詞一般是指離得最近的名詞，因此要特別注意，以般是指離得最近的名詞，因此要特別注意，以免引起誤解或不清楚。免引起誤解或不清楚。 例句：例句： They informed Messrs. John & Smith that They informed Messrs. John & Smith that they would r

43、eceive an answer in a few they would receive an answer in a few days. days. They informed Messrs. John & Smith that They informed Messrs. John & Smith that latter would receive an answer in a few latter would receive an answer in a few days. days. ( (四四) )注意前后一致和緊湊，連貫注意前后一致和緊湊，連貫 Being a certified p

44、ublic accountant, Being a certified public accountant, I am sure you can help us. I am sure you can help us. Being a certified public accountant, Being a certified public accountant, you can surely help us. you can surely help us. OrOr：As you are a certified public As you are a certified public acco

45、untant, I am sure you can help accountant, I am sure you can help us.us.2 26 6 體諒體諒 (consideration)(consideration)egeg: Your approval and instruction : Your approval and instruction to the Maintenance office to do the to the Maintenance office to do the repairs will be highly appreciated. repairs wi

46、ll be highly appreciated. 敬請(qǐng)惠準(zhǔn)，撥交維修部門進(jìn)行修理。敬請(qǐng)惠準(zhǔn)，撥交維修部門進(jìn)行修理。 （以陳述句和（以陳述句和“您為重您為重”your attitudeyour attitude的視角表示請(qǐng)求）的視角表示請(qǐng)求）2 27 7 禮貌禮貌 (courtesy)(courtesy)COURTESYCOURTESY譯成譯成“禮貌禮貌”。但是根據(jù)西方國家函電書籍作。但是根據(jù)西方國家函電書籍作者普遍的看法，所謂者普遍的看法，所謂COURTESYCOURTESY是是“客氣而又體諒人客氣而又體諒人”的的意思。這樣的形式很多，現(xiàn)在提供一些常見的供參考：意思。這樣的形式很多，現(xiàn)在提供

47、一些常見的供參考： （一）（一） 把命令變成請(qǐng)求的常用形式：把命令變成請(qǐng)求的常用形式： Please, Will Please, Will youyou., Will you please., Will you please.,.,如：如： a) Will you give us more detailed information a) Will you give us more detailed information on your requirement?on your requirement? b) Will you please (kindly) let us hear from b

48、) Will you please (kindly) let us hear from you on these two points?you on these two points? （二）（二） 虛擬式（虛擬式（Past Subjunctive FromPast Subjunctive From）如：）如： a) Would you compare our sample with the a) Would you compare our sample with the goods of other firms?goods of other firms? b) We would ask you to ship the goods by b) We would ask you to ship the goods by the first available vessel. the first available vessel. c) We wish you would let us have your c) We wish you would let us have your reply soon.reply soon. d) This would seem to confirm our d) This would seem to