高考英語二輪專題語法復(fù)習(xí)語法系列虛擬語氣

1、虛擬語氣(SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD)一、三種語氣簡介語氣(Mood)是表示講話人對說話內(nèi)容的看法的一種語法范疇。英語中有三種語氣：陳述語氣(IndicativeMood)、祈使語氣(Imperative Mood) 和虛擬語氣(Subjunctive Mood)。1.陳述語氣表示謂語動詞所表達的動作或狀態(tài)是符合客觀現(xiàn)實的，也就是說把動作或狀態(tài)當(dāng)作事實表達出來，或提出一種看法。例如：The windows look out onto thelake.這些窗戶面向湖泊。The yellow leaves are whirling in the autumn wind.秋風(fēng)中黃葉紛飛。You

2、 told me you loved me one morning in May.5月的一個清晨，你對我說你愛我。Its probably goingtosnowtomorrow.明天可能要下雪了。The moon is peeping through the window at the sleepless girl.明月皎潔透窗入，照見長夜不眠人。2.祈使語氣表示號召、命令、請求、勸告、警告、禁止等。例如：Let us help you.我們來幫助你吧。Do drop in to see us.務(wù)必來坐坐。Keep off the grass.勿踏草地。Never trouble troub

3、le unlesstrouble troubles you.勿惹麻煩，除非麻煩惹你。3.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣把動作當(dāng)作一種只存在于講話人想象中的“假設(shè)”或“推測”，而不是當(dāng)作客觀現(xiàn)實中的真實事件。它表達的是懷疑、憂慮、推測、假設(shè)、想象或祝愿等。例如：I wish I were a white cloud.但愿我是一片云。Mother told me to put on my sweater lest I should catch cold.母親要我穿上毛衣，以免著涼。A judicious man wouldnt do likethat.一個明智的人是不會那樣做的。Not to be moved

4、by the sight would require a heart of stone.除非鐵石心腸，誰都會被那情景所感動。If it hadnt been raining,I would have gone to Chesters Restaurant asusual.要不是下雨，我本來會像平常一樣，去切斯特飯店的。二、虛擬語氣在條件句中的運用英語中的條件句一般分為兩種：真實條件句(Real Conditionals)和非真實條件句 (UnrealConditionals)，虛擬語氣用在非真實條件句中。非真實條件句包括虛擬條件句、推測條件句和錯綜時間條件句等。1.虛擬條件句虛擬條件句可分為兩

5、類：一類是敘述與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，一類是敘述與過去事實相反的情況；另外還有一類用于推測將來的情況，也稱作推測條件句，構(gòu)成列表如下：條件從句 結(jié)果主句A式:If /we/you/he/she/it/they+動與現(xiàn)在 詞過去式（be動詞的過去式用 /we/you/he/she/it/they事實相反 would+動詞原形B式：could+動詞原形與過去 A式:If 1/we/you/he/she/it/theybad+過去分詞 /we/you/he/she/it/they事實相反B式：could have+過去分詞 would +have +過去分詞A式，一般過去式與將來時間相反B式：were

6、+不定式C式：should+動詞原形 would/should+動詞原形D式：could+動詞原形主句中的would有時可換用should,could或might。1 與現(xiàn)在事實相反He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室內(nèi)就不會覺得冷了。I am sorry I am very busy just now.If I had time,I would certainly go to the movies with you.我很抱歉，現(xiàn)在很忙。如果有時間，我肯定陪你去看電影了。If they treated me as a slave, I

7、 had to resign.要是他們把我當(dāng)作奴隸對待，我就要辭職。If I knew the answer to all your questions,I would be a genius.我要是能回答你所有問題的話，我就是天才了。It would be convenient if we could will ourselves across lands andoceans.如果我們能隨意讓自己跨越大地海洋，那可就方便了。If wishes were horses, beggars might ride.如果幻想能成為馬匹，叫花子們都有了坐騎。If its and ans were pot

8、s and pans, thered beno workfortinkershand.任你想得溜溜圓，水中撈月空喜歡。If you could bear the loneliness. you might succeed.如果你耐得住寂寞，你會成功的。2 與過去事實相反If we hadnt made adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.如果我們不做充分的準(zhǔn)備，會議是不會開得這么成功的。The flood might have caused great damage to the peopl

9、e if we hadnt built so many reservoirs.倘若我們沒有修建這么多的水庫，洪水就會使人民遭受巨大損失了。We wouldnt have cooked it if we could have eaten it raw.如果我們能生吃的話，我們就不會煮了。3推測將來If he were here this evening, we would play cards.如果他今晚在這里的話，我們就玩牌。If she were to marry Jack, she would be happy.如果嫁給杰克，她會幸福的。If I were to do the work,

10、I should do it in a different way.要是我做這項工作，我會以不同的方式去做。If it should rain again,what else could I do?要是再下雨的話，我還能做什么呢？If she should know it,she would tell me.如果她知道那件事，她會告訴我的。(ButI doubt)If he should have enough money, he would buy it.要是他有足夠的錢的話，他會買下它的。(ButIdoubt)Though he were to beg on his knees,I sho

11、uld still refuse.即使他跪下來求我，我也不會答應(yīng)他的。If it were to be warm enough, we could go into the hills tomorrow.假如天氣暖和的話，我們明天就到山里去。If it snowed(非真實條件常用形式) tomorrow,I should/would stay at home.如果明天下雨，我就待在家里。If it were to snow(可能性較小)tomorrow,I should/would stay athome.如果明天下雨，我就待在家里。If it should snow (可能性較大)tomor

12、row, I should/would stay athome.如果明天下雨，我就待在家里?！咎崾尽吭谔摂M條件句中，當(dāng)主語是第一人稱(I)或第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時，通常用were，也可用was，但在正式場合要用were，在IfI were you中要用were；省略if句子倒裝時，只能用were；were的否定式可用were not或werent。例如：If I were you, I would go withhim.如果我是你，我就同他一起去。If Peter were/was here, he would scold you.如果彼得在這里，他會責(zé)罵你的。Were I

13、to do it, I would do it in a different way.要是讓我做這件事，我會用不同的方式做。虛擬條件句中的謂語可用進行時，表示“如果正在”等，主句中的謂語仍用would(或might，should，could)，并可根據(jù)情況選用時態(tài)。例如：If we werent living in the twenty- first century,people would think you were a sorcerer.要不是生活在21世紀(jì)的話，人們會認(rèn)為你是個男巫的。If human beings were not killing each other, we cou

14、ld be living a happy life.要是人類不自相殘殺的話，我們就會過上幸福生活。If you hadnt been studying so hard, you might have failed theexam.要是你不一直刻苦學(xué)習(xí)的話，你就可能會考試通不過。條件句通常放在主句前，但也可以放在主句后，有時也可放在句中。例如：你要是愿意同我結(jié)婚的話，所有的財產(chǎn)都是你的。If you would marry me, all the property would be yours.All the property would be yours if you would marry

15、me.All the property, if you would marry me, would be yours.要是醫(yī)生沒有及時給他動手術(shù)的話，杰克就沒命了。If the doctors hadnt operated on him timely, Jack would have died. Jack would have died if the doctors hadnt operatedonhimtimely.Jack, if the doctors hadnt operated on him timely, would have died.條件句中有were, had, should

16、,could時，可以省略if，而把were，had， should, could放在主語前，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，這種用法主要用于書面語中。例如：Were it necessary, I mightresign.如果需要的話，我可以辭職。Should I have time, I would call on her.我要是有時間就去看她。Shouldyou meet Mary, you would not be able to recognize her.要是你見到瑪麗的話，你也會認(rèn)不出她了。Had you informed me earlier,I wouldnt have signed the co

17、ntract.要是你早些告訴我的話，我是不會簽?zāi)欠莺贤?。Were they to get married, they would be happy.要是他們結(jié)婚的話，他們會幸福的。Were he living happily,I would be very much astonished.要是他生活幸福的話，我會大為吃驚的。Had the forest still kept its gloom, it would have been bright in Hesters eyes.如果森林昏暗依舊的話，但在海絲特的眼里，仍是光明一片。Should I ever be in London,I s

18、hould go to see your aunt.如果我有一天來到倫敦，我將會去看望你姑母。Should she not come,we should do it by ourselves.如果她不來，我們就自己做。Even were I careful as you are,I should not be able to avoid allmisspellings.即使我像你那樣細心，我也不能避免所有的拼寫錯誤。Were the sky to fall, we should catch larks.天塌下來，正好抓云雀。虛擬語氣中的主句通常是陳述句，但也可以是疑問句、感嘆句或祈使句。例如：

19、If she had everything,would she be happy?如果她什么都有，她會幸福嗎？(疑問句)If he had married Alice, how happy he would have been!他要是娶了艾麗斯的話，他該是多么幸福??！(感嘆句)If you were man enough, dont give up.如果你是個男子漢的話，就不要放棄。(祈使句)If you should need help,please tell me.如果你需要幫助，就請告訴我。(祈使句)“could have+過去分詞”也可用于虛擬條件句中，這時的could是情態(tài)動詞，表示

20、“能夠”，相當(dāng)于hadbeen able to.。例如：If I could have earned enough money,I should have travelled over the world.要是我掙的錢足夠多的話，我就會周游世界了。If you could have prevented mistakes,you might have been moresuccessful.如果你能避免錯誤的話，你會更加成功的?！咎崾尽吭谕粋€句子中，不能一部分表示真實條件，另一部分表示非真實條件，不然就會破壞句子的一致性。例如：如果他在這里，他就不會讓事情這樣了結(jié)。If he is here,

21、 he would not let the matter end this way.If he were here,he would not let the matter end this way.V如果我有那本書，我就會借給你。If I had the book,I will lend it to you.XIf I had the book,I should lend it to you.如果她來，就會告訴你。If she comes, she would tell you.If she comes, she will tell you. v2虛擬條件從句中不用would。例如：要是他昨天

22、來的話，我會告訴他的。If he would have come yesterday, I should have told him.If he had come yesterday, I should have told him.但如果表示有某種愿望，條件從句也可用would，相當(dāng)于be willingto，常表示說話人不相信主語有這種愿望。例如：If she would do it for me, I should be very much obliged.要是她愿意為我做那件事，我將非常感激。(But I know she will not be willing to do it for

23、 me.)If he would lend me the money, I would buy a car.要是他愿意借錢給我，我就買一輛車。(But I know he will not be willing to)If you would, you could.要是你愿意的話，你能夠。2.錯綜時間條件句在錯綜時間條件句中，虛擬條件從句和主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，因此，主句和從句的謂語動詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣形式。例如：Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not b

24、e wet now.如果我早上出門時帶了傘，現(xiàn)在就不會淋濕了。(過去現(xiàn)在)If you had spoken to him last time you saw him,you would know what to do now.如果你上次看到他時跟他說一下，現(xiàn)在就知道怎么做了。(過去現(xiàn)在)If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night.如果我是你，我就不會錯過昨晚那部電影。(現(xiàn)在過去)If the criminal were honest,he would have made a clean breast of the whol

25、e thing long ago.要是這個罪犯(一貫)老實的話，他(過去)早該徹底交代他的罪行了。(現(xiàn)在過去)If the ship had left at noon it would be passing through the canalnow.船要是在中午起航的話，此刻該通過這條運河了。(過去現(xiàn)在進行)If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour.要是他們一大早就離開家的話，再過半個小時就該到了。(過去將來)If you hesitated this moment, you might

26、suffer in future.如果你此刻猶豫不決的話，你以后會吃苦頭的。(現(xiàn)在將來)If Mary should arrive today, she must have started three days ago.如果瑪麗今天到達的話，那她一定在三天前就動身了。(將來過去)If I were rich, I would have bought the villa last year.要是我有錢，我去年會買那幢別墅的。If they had not been working hard in the past few months, the crops would not be growin

27、g so wellnow.要不是他們過去幾個月中的辛勤耕作，莊稼現(xiàn)在不會長得這么好。If my grandmother were alive, she would be 100 next year.要是我祖母現(xiàn)在還健在的話，她明年就100歲了?！咎崾尽咳绻麠l件句作賓語從句，其動詞形式不受主句謂語動詞的影響。例如：I often tell her that if she had made another try, she might have been successful.我經(jīng)常同她說，要是她再試一次的話，她可能會成功了。(過去)I will tell her that if she woul

28、d/ were to make another try, she might be successful.我將告訴她，如果她再試一次的話，她可能會成功的。(將來)I have told her that if she made another try, she might be successful.我對她說過，要是她再試一次的話，她可能會成功的。(現(xiàn)在)3.A wise man wouldnthave done that無“條件”的虛擬語氣句子這里的所謂無“條件”，指的是句子表層沒有通常使用的if或I wish等引起的表示條件的句子，但其深層結(jié)構(gòu)或是上下文中還是有條件的。這種條件可以用介詞、

29、形容詞、名詞、代詞、連詞、動詞、分詞、不定式、定語從句或上下文等表示出來，用的是跳層或間接的方式。表示無“條件”的詞有with, without, or, but, otherwise, even, but for, in case of,what if(如果將如何)等。這種句子往往是有主句而無從句。例如：But for your help we couldnt have succeeded.要不是你的幫助，我們是不會成功的。They wouldnt have reached the agreement so easily without that common ground.沒有共同立場，他

30、們是不會那么容易達成協(xié)議的。上面兩句中的but for和without可以用If it were not for來代替。She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.她感到不舒服，不然她不會那么早離開會場的。(連詞，=or, or else)She said she would have come to the party, only she had an urgent matter to attend to. (連詞)Under such circumstances I wo

31、uld probably have done the same.在這樣的情況下，我也可能做出同樣的事情來。(介詞短語)I would do so in your place.假如我處于你的位置，我會那樣做的。(介詞短語)With better equipment, we could have done it better.(介詞短語)What would he not give for it?要是能得到它，他什么不愿意給？(=ifhe could get it)(介詞短語)Doing your best,you would be scolded all the same.你即使好好干也總是受到

32、責(zé)備。(介詞短語，=If you did your best)More measures would have been taken to get better results.要取得更好的結(jié)果，就要采取更多的措施。(不定式短語，=if they had wanted to get better results)Given more time, we would do it better.再給些時間，我們會做得更好。(分詞短語)Left to himself, he would get lost in the woods.不管他的話，他會在森林里迷路。(分詞短語，=if he were lef

33、t to himself)Cooked a little longer, the meat would be more delicious.再多燒一會兒，肉會更香。(分詞短語)A gentleman wouldnt have saidso.一位紳士是不會那樣說話的。(名詞，=if he had been a gentleman) Your refusal would make himsad.你的拒絕會使他悲傷的。(名詞，=if you should refuse)With all the world to rule, he would not be content.即使全世界都歸他統(tǒng)治，他也不

34、會滿足。I wouldnt be deceived so easily.我是不會這么輕易受騙的。(代詞，=if I were you)The least error would spoil the secret plan.即便最小的差錯都會毀掉這個秘密計劃。A nation, which often got into political troubles, would never makeprogress.一個經(jīng)常陷于政治斗爭的國家很難取得進步。(定語從句，=if it often got into political troubles)What would people say about

35、him,whose wife should take bribes?要是他的妻子接受賄賂的話，人們會怎樣說他呢？(定語從句)A man would be blind not to see that difficulty.連那個困難都看不見的人一定是瞎了眼。(不定式短語)To talk with him, you would know he is a frank man.同他談話，你就會知道他是個坦率的人。(不定式短語)To have studied harder, you would have passed the exam.學(xué)習(xí)更刻苦些的話，你本來會通過考試的。(不定式完成式，=If you

36、 had.)Failing this, what would youdo?要是這個做不成，你要怎么辦？(分詞短語，=If you failed this.)The same thing, happening in war time, would amount to disaster.同樣的事情要是發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時就會導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難。(分詞短語)On being shown this book,no one would believe that it was written by a ten-year girl.看到這本書，誰都不會相信是一個10歲的女孩寫的。(介詞+動名詞)A man who stoppe

37、d working would amount to nothing.一個不做事的人將會一事無成。(定語從句)He would be a foolish man who should venture that.冒險做那個的人會是個傻子。(定語從句)Give him an inch and he would want a foot.他得寸進尺。(祈使句)In the absence of the keeper,the house would have been burned down.要是看守不在的話，這房子就會被燒毀。(介詞短語)It would be wrong not to take thi

38、s matter into consideration.不考慮這件事將是錯誤的。(=If you did not take.)A true friend wouldnt have doneso.真正的朋友是不會那樣做的。(=If he had been.)A judicious man would not have committed suicide.明智的人是不會自殺的。(=If he had been.)They would have paid attention to a nice girl.要是一個漂亮女孩，他們會注意的。(=If she had been.) Not to be mo

39、ved by it would require a heart of stone.對此無動于衷會是鐵石心腸。Anyone seeing themtogether might think that they are twin sisters.任何看見她們在一起的人都會認(rèn)為她們是孿生姐妹。Ordinarily, he would have flown into rage.通常情況下，他會大發(fā)雷霆的。Whipping would be too good for the wicked man.鞭打?qū)τ谝粋€惡人可就太便宜了。Any man who should do that would be laug

40、hed at.誰那樣做都會受人嘲笑。Dont bother to read all those papers.It would take too long.不要費事看那些文件了，那會太花時間。(=If you read all those papers.)Only for your help, I should have failed.要不是你幫忙，我早就失敗了。But for hope, life would beshort.如果沒有希望，人生苦短。A day without hope would be unimaginably pale.沒有盼頭的日子是蒼白不可想象的。I would ha

41、ve gone, only youobjected.要不是你反對，我早就去了。The white fog floated around them.High in the sky, it would have been a cloud.白蒙蒙的水霧在他們身邊飄繞。如果是在天上，這就是云。To have told him the fact would have given me away.如果把真相告訴他，當(dāng)時就會把我斷送了。It might have happened on another occasion.再有這種情況，事情也許會發(fā)生了。An earlier launch of the lif

42、eboats might have averted the tragedy.假如早一些把救生艇放下去，可能就避免這場悲劇了。He would have done anything to make amends.若能彌補過錯，他是什么都愿意做的。The dish would have been better with a bit less salt.少放些鹽，這菜會更可口的。I didnt press the point asit would have been useless.我沒堅持這一點，堅持大概也無用。Myself, I wouldnt do such athing.我自己是不會做這種事

43、的。I might seethe managerpersonally.It would be better.我可以親自見一下經(jīng)理，這樣會好一些。I would have come earlier, but the car broke down on the way.我本可來得更早的，但車子在路上拋錨了。Neglecting thiswould causetrouble.忽略這一點就會造成麻煩。比較：要不是她的指導(dǎo)，我們會失敗的。But for her guidance, we shouldfail.(同現(xiàn)在事實相反)But for her guidance, we should have fa

44、iled.(同過去事實相反)4.含蓄條件句有些句子中，沒有任何表示虛擬語氣的詞、短語或從句，但仍要用虛擬語氣。這時，要么是省略了表示虛擬語氣的部分，要么隱含在上下文中，稱為含蓄條件句(ImpliedConditionals)。參照上文。例如：I would do anything for her.我什么都會為她做的。(ifI could)You might have failed.你本來會失敗的。(if you made less efforts)She should have died.她本來會喪命的。(if she had taken that bus)Even stones would

45、shed tears.即便石頭也會落淚的。(to hear the sadstory)It would do you no good.它對你沒有好處。(if you should give up the job)She mighthave refused toanswer.她可能會拒絕回答的。(ifyou had asked her)We could have won the battle.我們本可以贏得這場戰(zhàn)斗的。(but we were impatient)We would have made a lot ofmoney.我們本可以賺很多錢的。(butwe gave up halfway)

46、Such mistakes could have beenavoided.這樣的錯誤本可以避免的。(if one had been more careful)She would have acted as you did.她本會如你那樣行事的。(if she were you)Heaven would cryattheirsufferings.老天爺也會為他們的苦難哭泣。(if it were able to see their sufferings)【提示】but/except+表示條件的結(jié)構(gòu)：would+動詞原形+but/except+現(xiàn)在時陳述句(陳述語氣)表示同現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)wou

47、ld have+過去分詞+but/except+過去時陳述句(陳述語氣)表示同過去事實相反的假設(shè)I would have gone with her but I was too busy.要不是太忙，我會同她一起去的。I would go but its too far.我想去的，只是路太遠了。比較下面兩句：She would have come to see you but she was ill that day.She would have come to see you but that she was ill that day.要是那天她沒生病，她就來看你了。第一句中的but是并列連

48、詞，引導(dǎo)的是并列句，but意為“但是”；第二句中的but是介詞，意為“除去”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。but既可以表示虛擬條件，也可以表示真實條件，但but that通常只表示虛擬條件。例如：It never rains but it pours.不雨則已，一雨傾盆。She would have bought the book but that she had no money then.要不是當(dāng)時沒有錢，她會買下那本書的。but that結(jié)構(gòu)可以放在句首，并可轉(zhuǎn)換為“butfor+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，而but則不可。例如：But that I saw it,I couldnt have believed

49、it.要不是親眼所見，我是不會相信的。But that it snowed heavily, they could have arrived there earlier.要不是下大雪，他們本可以早些到那里的。(=But for the heavy snow)三、虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運用1.動詞wish后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用were或動詞的過去式；與過去事實相反，用“had+過去分詞”或“would/ could+have+過去分詞”；表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，用“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”。例如：I wish she were/

50、was here.她在這兒就好了。I wishthe moon were/was shining at the moment.但愿此刻有月亮。I wish you would go with ustomorrow.但愿你明天跟我們一塊去。I wish she had taken my advice.那時她要是聽我的話就好了。Sophia wished she hadnt done it.索菲婭希望她沒做那件事。(后悔做了)I wish that I had never seen her.但愿我從未見過她。(后悔見了)I wish you wouldnt beSOnervous.我希望你不要那么

51、緊張。He wished she might do better next time.他希望她下次能做得更好。I wish very much you could manage to come over.我非常希望你能設(shè)法來一下。I wish we werent going now.我們現(xiàn)在要是不走該多好呀！I wish it be done immediately.我希望這事立即完成。(wish后有時可用be型虛擬語氣)Laterthat night, whenthe temperature dropped below freezing, I wished that I had made m

52、yself a fire.那天深夜，氣溫降到零度冰點以下，我希望生了火有多好啊?！咎崾尽勘容^下面幾個表示未實現(xiàn)的愿望的句子：I should like to have taken hisadvice.我現(xiàn)在真希望(那時)采納了他的建議。I should have liked to take hisadvice.我本希望采納他的建議的。I should have liked to have taken his advice.(意同上面第二句，但結(jié)構(gòu)笨重)2.if only和would that后用虛擬語氣謂語動詞用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望，用過去完成時表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望，常譯為“要是

53、就好了，但愿”。例如：If only she had known where to find you.她要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。If only I could speak several foreign languages！我要是能講幾種外語就好了！If only you would be as you used to be！你要是還像你過去那樣，該有多好??！Would that I could fly.但愿我能飛翔。If only he were/was morecautious.他要是更謹(jǐn)慎些就好了。Would that I were young again.但愿青春重在。Would

54、that we had seen her before she died.她去世之前我們能見她一面該多好。Would (that) I had never seenit!但愿我根本沒看見！Would that I were with her now.要是我現(xiàn)在同她在一起就好了。Would (that) it wereotherwise！多么希望情況不是這樣??！would that實際上是I/We would的簡化，I would相當(dāng)于I wish。例如：I would I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.但愿我是一只鳥，在天空中自由地飛翔

55、。We would that we hadseen through him earlier.要是我們早些識破他就好了?！咎崾尽縊 that, Would to God, I would to Heaven, O would, God grant, God send等意為would that。例如：O that she were with me now!但愿她現(xiàn)在和我在一起！O that money grew on the trees.錢長在樹上就好了。Would to God she would returnsafely!但愿她平安歸來！Would (to God)(that) I had n

56、ot made the mistake！多么希望我沒有犯那個錯誤??！My heart, would(to) Godthat she were mine!我的心啊，祈求上帝，但愿她成為我的愛侶！2O that結(jié)構(gòu)用虛擬語氣可表示驚訝或憤怒。例如：O that she should have failed!她竟然會失??！should可以表示驚訝、難以相信或不應(yīng)該之事。參閱有關(guān)章節(jié)。例如：Why should he publish such anovel?他為何會出版這種小說？(驚訝)Who should have thought of such an end！誰會想到這樣的結(jié)局！Who shoul

57、d have broken the glass but himself?不是他自己還有誰會把玻璃打碎呢？(不應(yīng)該)Who should have thoughtto meet you here！誰會想到在這里碰到你！Who are you that you should have despised the teacher?你是何許人也，竟敢輕視教師？What has captivated her mind that she should have said that? 什么使她鬼迷心竅，竟說出那種話來？ifonly引起的句子在個別情況下也有用陳述語氣的。例如：If only he arrive

58、s in time! 他要是能準(zhǔn)時到就好啦！If only he will listen to her.他要是能聽進她的話就好了。3.虛擬語氣用在suggest，order，demand等后的賓語從句中propose commandrequest desire insistrequiredecide promise arguearrange move consentdetermine preferrecommend advise intendbegurge instruct advocatepersuaderesolve決意 maintain主張deserve值得提及 decree裁決vote

59、投票決定 dictate命令agree決定 pray懇求legislate立法 sentence判決object反對 ask要求expect希望 direct命令appoint命令 provide規(guī)定specify指定 persist堅持permit允許 petition請愿stipulate規(guī)定這類意念動詞、祈使動詞或態(tài)度動詞后的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用動詞原形或“should+動詞原形”。例如：He determined that she(should) go at once.他決定她馬上就去。I prefer that such comments should cease.我希望

60、這種評論能夠中止。They intended that the news (should) be suppressed.他們想封鎖消息。She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.她堅持要預(yù)訂座位。They requested that he (should) sing a song.他們要求他唱支歌。He advised that the doctor (should)be sent for.他建議派人請醫(yī)生。The committee decided that no one should be admitted wit