Winter swimming PPT 冬泳

1、Winter swimmingWinter swimmingFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia(Redirected from Ice swimming)See also: Polar bear plungeWinter swimming is the activity of swimming during the winter season, typically in outdoor locations (open water swimming) or in unheated pools or lidos. In colder countries it

2、 may be synonymous with ice swimming, when the water is frozen over（結(jié)滿了冰）. This requires either breaking the ice or entering where a spring prevents the formation of ice. It may also be simulated by a pool of water at 0C, the temperature at which water freezes. The International Ice Swimming Associa

3、tion requires that the water is colder than 5C for ice swimming competitions1、lidos: lid 】a public outdoor swimming pool or part of a beach used by the public for swimming, water sports, etc海濱浴場(chǎng).2、synonymous：snnms having the same, or nearly the same, meaning 同義的； (with sth) so closely connected with

4、 sth that the two things appear to 等同于的3 formation:f(r)me()n the action of forming sth; the process of being formed組成；冬泳是冬季游泳期間的活動(dòng)，通常在室外地點(diǎn) （開放水域游泳) 或不加熱的泳池或海濱浴場(chǎng)的活動(dòng)。在寒冷的國家當(dāng)水都結(jié)冰的時(shí)候，它可能是冰泳代名詞。這就需要破冰或進(jìn)入一個(gè)有春天可以防止冰的形成的地方。它還可通過一個(gè)池的水在 0 C 的溫度凍結(jié)模擬。國際冰游泳協(xié)會(huì)要求的水是冷比 5 C 的冰泳比賽。In Eastern Europe and Russia winter

5、swimming is part of the celebration of the Epiphany. Competitions for winter swimming also exist. Many winter swimmers swim with standard swimming costumes rather than with wetsuits or other thermal protection. Famous winter swimmers include Henri Kaarma, Ram Barkai, Lynne Cox and Lewis Gordon Pugh.

6、wetsuits： wetsut a suit made of rubber that people wear for water sports such as diving and surfing潛水服Thermal： (r)m()l designed to keep you warm by preventing heat from escaping from the body保暖的；防寒的在東歐和俄羅斯的冬天游泳是慶祝主顯節(jié)的一部分。冬季游泳比賽也存在。許多冬泳者游泳用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)游泳服裝而不是潛水服或其他熱保護(hù)。著名冬泳者包括亨利 Kaarma、 Ram Barkai、 Lynne Cox 和路

7、易斯戈登 皮尤Also, many locations in North America and Western Europe hold polar bear plunges（北極熊）（北極熊）, commonly to celebrate New Years Day, although participants are not expected to swim and generally most do not swim.此外，在北美和西歐的許多地點(diǎn)舉行北極熊跳，通常為慶祝新年，雖然與會(huì)者不會(huì)游泳并且一般不游泳。Plunges: plnd賭博；猛沖；冒險(xiǎn)；困難v.使投入；扔進(jìn)；浸入；使陷入M

8、aintaining the hole in the ice（維持冰洞）（維持冰洞）One way that the hole is maintained at regular ice swimming places is with a pump that forces the water to circulate under the hole, preventing ice from forming. Small ice-holes can also be kept open by keeping a lid over the hole to prevent ice forming.一個(gè)方法

9、是被維持定期冰泳的這個(gè)洞是用一個(gè)泵將水循環(huán)下壓，防止結(jié)冰。小冰孔也可以通過在蓋子上打開一個(gè)孔保持開放，來阻止結(jié)冰。Circulate: s(r)kjlet 1（液體或氣體）環(huán)流，循環(huán)when a liquid, gas, or aircirculates oris circulated , it moves continuously around a place or system2 傳播；流傳；散布if a story, an idea, information, etc.circulates or if youcirculate it, it spreads or it is passed

10、 from one person to anotherMost ice swimming places also use a specific heated carpet going from the locker rooms to the ice-hole， both to make walking to the hole more pleasant and for safety as otherwise the water dripping from returning swimmers would freeze and create a dangerously slippery surf

11、ace to walk on.大多數(shù)冰泳的地方就是從更衣室到冰洞也使用特定的加熱“地毯”，同時(shí)當(dāng)走向這個(gè)洞時(shí)，會(huì)更令人愉快并且安全返回，因?yàn)槠渌擞斡痉祷睾笮凶邥r(shí)會(huì)有滴水將凍結(jié)在地面上，造成危險(xiǎn)光滑的表面。 slippery : slpri滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不穩(wěn)、難以行走）的difficult to hold or to stand or move on, because it is smooth, wet or polishedSpecific： spsfk 1明確的；具體的detailed and exact。 2 特定的connected with one particular th

12、ing National traditionsNorthern EuropeIn Finland, Northern Russia, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia the ice swimming tradition has been connected with the sauna tradition. Unlike dousing, it is not seen as an ascetic or religious ritual, but a way to cool off rapidly after stay

13、ing in a sauna and as a stress relief.在芬蘭、 俄羅斯北部、 挪威、 瑞典、 丹麥、 愛沙尼亞、 立陶宛和拉脫維亞已連接冰泳傳統(tǒng)和桑拿傳統(tǒng)，不像水潑，它不被視為一個(gè)苦行者或宗教儀式，但視為使迅速冷靜下來享受桑拿和作為緩解壓力的方式。Dousing： das v.把浸入(水中） ritual： rtul程序；儀規(guī)；禮節(jié)；（尤指）宗教儀式a series of actions that are always performed in the same way, especially as part of a religious ceremony ascetic

14、 :setk過清苦生活的；（尤指）苦行的；禁欲的Ice swimming (avantouinti) on its own is especially popular in Estonia and Finland. There is an Avantouinti Society, and swimming holes are also maintained by other groups such as the Finnish skiing association (Suomen Latu). The Finnish Sauna Society maintains an avanto for

15、sauna goers.在愛沙尼亞和芬蘭的冰泳 (avantouinti) 在其自身上是特別受歡迎。有一個(gè) 冰泳的社會(huì)，和游泳洞也由其他群體維持，例如芬蘭滑雪協(xié)會(huì) (Suomen Latu)。芬蘭桑拿協(xié)會(huì)為桑拿?？途S持一個(gè)冰洞。Maintained：menten 是maintain的過去分詞維持；保持to make sth continue at the same level, standard, etc.Goers: or 常去的人a person who regularly goes to the place or event mentionedThere are lots of plac

16、es where you can swim without sauna in Finland during winter. Helsinki has several places for avantouinti, with dressing-rooms and sometimes with saunas. There is also a number of ice swimming and winter sauna locations around Tampere.在芬蘭的冬季有很多地方你可以在沒有桑拿的地方游泳。赫爾辛基有幾個(gè)冬泳的地方，更衣室與有時(shí)與桑拿浴室連接。在坦佩雷附近也有一些冰泳和

17、冬天桑拿地點(diǎn)。Western EuropeUnited KingdomFamous locations include the Serpentine Lake in Hyde Park, London, and Highgate Ponds in Hampstead. The largest fresh water pool in the UK is the Tooting Bec Lido in South West London which is home to the South London Swimming Club. The pool is 100yards in length,

18、i.e. nearly twice as long as an Olympic pool. As the winter approaches and the water temperature drops then swimmers stay in for less and less time, swimming just one or two widths rather than several lengths. Races take place all year including on Christmas Day and New Years Day.Length：美:le 長；長度the

19、 size or measurement of sth from one end to the otherTemperature：美:temp()rtr 溫度；氣溫the measurement in degrees of how hot or cold a thing or place is著名地點(diǎn)包括蛇紋石湖在海德公園、 倫敦和在漢普斯特德的海格特池塘。在英國最大的淡水游泳池是在南倫敦西部的Tooting Bec Lido，是倫敦游泳俱樂部的家園。該池是 100 碼的長度，將近兩倍于奧林匹克游泳池。作為冬季辦法和水溫度下降然后游泳停留越來越少的時(shí)間，游泳只是一個(gè)或兩個(gè)寬度，而不是幾個(gè)長度。

20、競(jìng)賽在全年舉行包括關(guān)于圣誕節(jié)和元旦。Belgium（比利時(shí)）（比利時(shí)）There are some clubs where people swim all year in a pool, a lake, or a river. Locations are Bruges, Boom, Dendermonde, Wachtebeek, Theux and Huy. The most famous race is across the Meuse river each last Sunday of February since 1963.有一些俱樂部就是人們常年在池、 湖泊或河流中游泳。地點(diǎn)是布魯日

21、、 Boom、 Dendermonde、 Wachtebeek、 Theux 和嘉輝。最著名的比賽是在默茲河持續(xù)到自 1963 年以來 2 月的最后一個(gè)星期日。ChinaThere are reportedly 141 winter swimming organizations across China with a membership of more than 200,000. The younger swimmers are under ten years of age and the older ones in their 80s. In Beijing, there are the

22、winter swimming places such as Shichahai(什剎海),Yu Yuantan(玉淵潭) and Xihu swimming pool in Qinghua University,etc. In Harbin, northern China, many ice swim in the Songhua River. Also Jinan is a place of annual winter swimming festival. The big event is swimming across Lake Daming about 300meters. In Ta

23、iyuan, where air temperature often goes below -10C in winter, hundreds of men and women ice swim each day in the Fen River.有據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)有141冬泳組織遍及中國有20多萬會(huì)員。年輕的游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員有十歲的，也有 80 多歲的老先生。在北京，冬泳的地方比如什剎海、玉淵潭和在清華大學(xué)西湖游泳池等場(chǎng)所。在哈爾濱，中國北方，很多在松花江水中的游泳。此外，濟(jì)南是每年冬天游泳節(jié)的一個(gè)地方。大事件是跨約300米的大明湖游泳。在太原，哪里的空氣溫度往往低于-10 C 冬天去，每一天都有數(shù)以百計(jì)的男

24、子和婦女在芬河里游泳。Eastern Europe and RussiaAn ice hole is cut in the form of a cross in Russia to celebrate the Epiphany（主顯節(jié)）.In Russia and other Eastern European countries where Eastern Orthodox Christianity is the prevalent religion ice swimming is connected with the celebration of the Epiphany. The Epip

25、hany is observed on 19 January according to the Julian calendar of the Russian Church Orthodox . The day marks the baptism of Jesus in the River Jordan. To celebrate this, holes are cut in the ice on rivers, lakes or other bodies of water, usually in the form of a Christian or Orthodox cross. Around

26、 midnight, believers submerge themselves three times in the water to honor the Holy Trinity, after a priest says a prayer.在俄羅斯和其他東歐國家東部正統(tǒng)基督教在那里盛行的宗教冰泳，被連接與主顯節(jié)的慶?；顒?dòng)。主顯節(jié)是1月19日根據(jù)俄羅斯東正教的朱利安日歷觀察到。一天，標(biāo)志著耶穌在約旦河的洗禮。為慶祝這，冰洞被切斷在河流、 湖泊或其他機(jī)構(gòu)的水，通常以基督徒或東正教的形式。午夜左右，信徒淹沒自己三次水來紀(jì)念三位一體，之后一個(gè)牧師說，禱告Christianity: 美:krstin

27、ti n. u基督教Baptism: 美:bptzm （基督教的）洗禮，浸禮Submerge：美:sbmr(r)d （使）潛入水中，沒入水中，浸沒，淹沒to go under the surface of water or liquid; to put sth or make sth go under the surface of water or liquidHonor：美:nr 對(duì).表示敬意;紀(jì)念to have or show great respect and admiration for somebody or somethingPriest：美:prist 司祭，神父，司鐸a per

28、son who is qualified to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and Orthodox ChurchesIce swimming on the Epiphany is relatively new. It was practiced by only a few before the October Revolution of 1917 and occurred even less frequently in the time of the Soviet Union,

29、 when Christians were persecuted. However, the ritual became very popular in the 1990s since the Dissolution of the Soviet Union. In Moscow alone, 30,000 believers swam in ice holes in 37 fonts during the Epiphany of 2010. There is a popular belief that the practice erases a persons sins, but this i

30、s not endorsed by the Russian Orthodox Church. The ritual is also performed in Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.冰泳在主顯節(jié)是相對(duì)較新。這是在1917 年十月革命前僅有少數(shù)的實(shí)踐，甚至在前蘇聯(lián)時(shí)期幾乎沒有發(fā)生，基督徒被迫害的時(shí)候。然而，自蘇聯(lián)解體以來這個(gè)儀式成為了 20 世紀(jì) 90 年代非常受歡迎的。僅在莫斯科，在2010年的主顯節(jié)期間30,000 信徒在 37 洗禮盤的冰洞里游泳。這里有受歡迎的一個(gè)信仰是冰泳可以擦去一個(gè)人的過錯(cuò)，但這不被俄羅斯東正教會(huì)贊同。儀

31、式還在白俄羅斯、 烏克蘭、 哈薩克斯坦和吉爾吉斯斯坦舉行。Persecuted: persecte的過去分詞 美:prskjut sb (for sth)（因種族、宗教或政治信仰）迫害，殘害，壓迫to treat sb in a cruel and unfair way, especially because of their race, religion or political beliefsSins: 美:sinz 罪，罪惡，罪過（對(duì)神的違犯或?qū)ψ诮探渎?、道德?guī)范的違犯）an offence against God or against a religious or moral lawE

32、ndorsed：endorsed是endorse的過去式 美:ndrs 贊同，支持，認(rèn)可to say publicly that you support a person, statement or course of actionRitual：美:rtul 程序；儀規(guī)；禮節(jié)；（尤指）宗教儀式a series of actions that are always performed in the same way, especially as part of a religious ceremonyIce swimming is also practiced during the entire

33、 winter by Walrus Clubs, whose members are called walruses (Russian: , morzhi).In other Eastern European countries such as Bulgaria and Romania, the Epiphany is celebrated on 6 January. There it is tradition for Orthodox priests to cast wooden crosses in the water, which are then retrieved by the be

34、lievers. It is popularly believed that the person who finds the cross is freed from evil spirits. Other countries where this is done include Serbia and Montenegro. 在整個(gè)冬季冰泳在海象俱樂部被實(shí)行，其成員稱為海象也練 (俄羅斯： ，morzhi）。在其他東歐國家，如保加利亞和羅馬尼亞，主顯節(jié)于 1 月 6 日慶祝。它是傳統(tǒng)為東正教教士投木制十字架在水中，然后通過信徒來找回。人們普遍地相信找回十字架的人會(huì)脫離了邪惡的靈魂。這是其他國家

35、包括塞爾維亞和黑山也這樣做。Walruses：walruses是walrus的復(fù)數(shù) 美:wlrs 海象Retrieved：retrieved是retrieve的過去式 美:rtriv sth (from sb/sth)取回；索回to bring or get sth back, especially from a place where it should not beEvil：美:iv()l 惡毒的；邪惡的enjoying harming others; morally bad and cruelNorth AmericaProfessor Sugarman, the human polar

36、 bear, circa 1900.The members of Canadian and American polar bear clubs go outdoor bathing or swimming in the middle of winter. In some areas it is unusual or ceremonial enough to attract press coverage. Polar bear plunges are conducted as fund-raisers for charity, notably the Special Olympics. Cosm

37、o Kramer briefly joins a New York polar bears club in the sitcom Seinfeld.在冬季的中旬，加拿大和美國北極熊俱樂部的成員去戶外沐浴或游泳。在一些地區(qū)是不尋?；蚨Y儀足夠的來吸引新聞報(bào)道。極地熊暴跌是作為募捐的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，尤其是特奧會(huì)。Cosmo Kramer在情景喜劇宋飛中簡(jiǎn)單地加入一個(gè)紐約北極熊俱樂部中.Circa：美:srk 大約aboutCoverage：美:kv()rd 新聞報(bào)道the reporting of news and sport in newspapers and on the radio and tele

38、visionConducted：conducted是conduct的過去式美:kndkt 組織；安排；實(shí)施；執(zhí)行to organize and/or do a particular activityNotably: 美:notbli 尤其；特別used for giving a good or the most important example of sthSitcom: 美:stkm cu情景喜劇a regular programme on television that shows the same characters in different amusing situationsTh

39、e Russian immigrant professor Louis Sugarman of Little Falls, NY was the first American to become a famous ice swimmer in the 1890s. He attracted worldwide attention for his daily plunge in the Mohawk River, even when the thermostat hit 23 below zero, earning him the nickname the human polar bear. T

40、he oldest ice swimming club in the United States is the Coney Island Polar Bear Club of Coney Island, New York, founded in 1903 by Bernarr MacFadden. The club organizes an annual polar plunge on New Years Day as well as regular swims in the Atlantic Ocean every Sunday from November to April. 俄羅斯移民小瀑

41、布那的教授路易斯蘇格曼，在19 世紀(jì) 90 年代NY成為一個(gè)著名的冰泳者的第一個(gè)美國人。在莫霍克河他吸引了全世界的關(guān)注，甚至當(dāng)恒溫器的溫度由23下降到低于零時(shí)，他獲得了人類的北極熊的昵稱。在美國最古老的冰泳俱樂部是紐約，康尼島的康尼島北極熊俱樂部，由 Bernarr MacFadden 創(chuàng)立于 1903 年。在元旦俱樂部每年舉辦極地跳水，以及從 11 月至 4 月的每周日在大西洋定期游泳。Immigrant：美:mrnt （外來）移民；外僑a person who has come to live permanently in a country that is not their ownTh

42、ermostat：美:rmstt 溫度自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)器；恒溫器a device that measures and controls the temperature of a machine or room, by switching the heating or cooling system on and off as necessaryPlunge：美:plnd 使突然前沖（或下落）to move or make sb/sth move suddenly forwards and/or downwardsChicago has recently thrown its hat in the lak

43、e for these types of events throughout the winter season. One of the largest being the Lakeview Polar Bear Clubs annual Celebration of Shrinkage in late January.整個(gè)冬天季節(jié)時(shí)，芝加哥最近已在為這些類型的事件扔它的帽子。其中最大的是湖景北極熊俱樂部，它每年慶?；顒?dòng)在 1 月下旬。Health risksWinter swimming can be dangerous to people who are not used to swimm

44、ing in very cold water. After submersion in cold water the cold shock response will occur, causing an uncontrollable gasp for air. This is followed by hyperventilation, a longer period of more rapid breathing. The gasp for air can cause a person to ingest water, which leads to drowning. As blood in

45、the limbs is cooled and returns to the heart, this can cause fibrillation and consequently cardiac arrest. 冬泳對(duì)那些不經(jīng)常在冷水里游泳的人而言是危險(xiǎn)的。之后會(huì)出現(xiàn)在冰冷的水休克反應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致空氣無法控制。其次是換氣過度，導(dǎo)致呼吸更加急促。喘息的空氣可能會(huì)使一個(gè)人要攝取水，導(dǎo)致溺水。隨著血液在四肢中的冷卻，并返回到心臟，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致顫動(dòng)，因此心臟驟停Sumbersion: 美:sbmr()n 同“submergence” 淹沒；浸沒；溺水Hyperventilation: 美hapvntlen

46、 【醫(yī)】換氣過度Ingest: 美:ndest 攝入；食入；咽下to take food, drugs, etc. into your body, usually by swallowingDrowning: drowning是drown的現(xiàn)在分詞 美dran 淹死，溺死to die because you have been underwater too long and you cannot breathe; to kill sb in this wayLimbs: limbs是limb的復(fù)數(shù)美:lm 肢；臂；腿；翼；翅膀an arm or a leg; a similar part of

47、 an animal, such as a wingCardiac: 美:krdik 心臟的；心臟病的connected with the heart or heart diseaseThe cold shock response and cardiac arrest are the most common causes of death related to cold water immersion. 冷休克反應(yīng)和心臟驟停是冷水死亡的最常見的原因。Immersion：美:mr()n (in sth)浸沒；浸the act of putting sb/sth into a liquid so

48、that they or it are completely covered; the state of being completely covered by a liquidRespiratory：美:resp()rtri 呼吸的connected with breathingDiseases: diseases是disease的 美:dziz 復(fù)數(shù)??；疾病an illness affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infectionWinter swimming isnt dangerous for healthy pe

49、rsons, but should be avoided by individuals with heart or respiratory diseases, obesity, high blood pressure and arrhythmia, as well as children and the elderly. Through conditioning, experienced winter swimmers have a greater resistance to effects of the cold shock response. 冬泳不會(huì)危害人的健康，但應(yīng)避免患有心臟或呼吸系

50、統(tǒng)疾病、 肥胖、 血壓高和心律失常的人群，以及兒童和老人。通過調(diào)節(jié)，經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的冬泳者對(duì)冷休克有更大的抵抗力。Arrhythmia：美:rm 【醫(yī)】心律不齊any disturbance in the rhythm of the heartbeat.Obesity: 美:obisti “obeseness”的變體 肥胖very fat or overweight; corpulentHypothermia poses a smaller risk. According to Tucker and Dugas, it takes more than approximately 30 minutes

51、 even in 0C water until the body temperature drops low enough for hypothermia to occur. Many people would probably be able to survive for almost an hour. There is no consensus on these figures however; according to different estimates a person can survive for 45 minutes in 0.3C water, but exhaustion

52、 or unconsciousness is expected to occur within 15 minutes. Consuming alcohol before winter swimming should be avoided because it speeds the onset and progression of hypothermia.體溫過低帶來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較小。塔克和杜加斯，甚至在 0 C 水中它超過大約 30 分鐘直到身體溫度滴下降到足夠低。很多人可能會(huì)無法生存幾乎一個(gè)小時(shí)。在這些數(shù)字上是沒有達(dá)成共識(shí)，根據(jù)對(duì)不同一個(gè)人的估計(jì)可以存活 45 分鐘在 0.3 C 水中，但筋疲力盡或

53、無意識(shí)時(shí)預(yù)計(jì)在 15 分鐘內(nèi)。應(yīng)避免在冬泳前飲用酒精，因?yàn)樗涌旖暫徒档腕w溫。Hypothermia：美:hapormi 體溫過低a medical condition in which the body temperature is much lower than normalConsensus:knsenss (among sb). (about sth). (that)一致的意見；共識(shí)an opinion that all members of a group agree withCare should be taken when winter swimming in swimming

54、 pools and seas near the polar regions. The chlorine added to water in swimming pools and the salt in seawater allow the water to remain liquid at sub-zero temperatures. Swimming in such water is significantly more challenging and dangerous. The experienced winter swimmer Lewis Gordon Pugh swam near

55、 the North Pole in -1.7C water and suffered a frostbite injury in his fingers. It took him four months to regain the sense in his hands. 在游泳池或者極地海洋中冬泳的時(shí)候，應(yīng)特別小心。添加到在泳池中的水和鹽在海水中的氯可以保持液體在零度以下的溫度。這種水中的游泳明顯是更具有挑戰(zhàn)性和更危險(xiǎn)。經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的冬泳者劉易斯 戈登 Pugh 在北極附近-1.7 C 水中游泳，他的手指遭受凍傷。他花了四個(gè)月重新拾回手中的感覺Chlorine：美:klrin 氯；氯氣a chemical element. Chlorine is a poisonous greenish gas with a strong smell.