第二節(jié)氣、血、津液(雙語)

1、氣、血和津液Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine氣第二節(jié)一第二節(jié)一彭丹鳳彭丹鳳Part one qiQIQI（氣）氣） v Concept（概念）v Formation（生成）v Function（功能）v Movement（運(yùn)動）v Types（分類）Concept（概念）v Philosophical concept Philosophical concept：Qi refers to all the tiny substances in existence in the universe which is exercising contin

2、uously and immaterial, it is the same fountainhead in the universe. v 哲學(xué)概念：哲學(xué)概念：指存在與宇宙之中的不斷運(yùn)動且無形指存在與宇宙之中的不斷運(yùn)動且無形可見的極細(xì)微物質(zhì)，是宇宙萬物的共同構(gòu)成本源。可見的極細(xì)微物質(zhì)，是宇宙萬物的共同構(gòu)成本源。Concept（概念）vMedicinal conceptMedicinal concept：Qi refers to the very small substance in existence in the human body which exercises continuously

3、 and be full of energy , it is one of the fundamental substances constituting the human body and maintaining its life activities. v醫(yī)學(xué)概念：醫(yī)學(xué)概念：是人體內(nèi)活力很強(qiáng)、運(yùn)行不息的極精微是人體內(nèi)活力很強(qiáng)、運(yùn)行不息的極精微物質(zhì)，是構(gòu)成人體和維持人體生命活動的基本物質(zhì)物質(zhì)，是構(gòu)成人體和維持人體生命活動的基本物質(zhì)之一。之一。congenital qi（先天之精氣）先天之精氣） fresh air inhaled from the natural world（自然界的清氣）

4、自然界的清氣） cereal essence（水谷之精氣）水谷之精氣） Qi in the human body Formation（生成）kidneyslungspleenFunction（功能）A. Promoting Action of Qi（推動功能）推動功能） Qi, as a sort of refined substance full of vigour, plays a promoting and activating role in the growth and development of the human body, the physiological activiti

5、es of the zang-fu organs and meridians, the production and circulation of blood, as well as the production, distribution and excretion of body fluid.B. Warming Action of Qi（溫煦功能）溫煦功能） Whether mans body temperature is normal or not depends on the warming action of qi. Only through the warming action

6、of qi can all zang-fu organs，meridians and other structures perform their normal functional activities, and can such liquid substances as blood and body fluid circulate normally. FunctionC. Defending Action of Qi （防御功能）防御功能） Qi has defending function to defend the body surface against the exogenous

7、pathogens and to combat with the invaded exogenous pathogens to drive them out of the body. D. Controlling Action of Qi （固攝功能）固攝功能） a: Keeping the blood flowing within the vessels to prevent it from extravasating without reason. b: Controlling and regulating the secretion and excretion of sweat, uri

8、ne, sperm, saliva, gastrointestinal juices, etc , to maintain a relative balance of water metabolism. c: Firming the internal organs in their normal positions without prolapse.FunctionE. Action of Qi Transformation（氣化功能）氣化功能） Qi transformation may be defined as various kinds of changes brought about

9、 by the movement of qi. Concretely speaking, it refers to the respective metabolism of essence, qi, blood and body fluid and their reciprocal transformation. For instance, food is transformed into qi, blood and body fluid; body fluid are converted into sweat and urine by metabolizing, and the residu

10、es of food, after digestion and absorption, are turned into feces to be discharged from the body. All these processes are all the specific manifestations of the action of qi transformation. To put it briefly, qi transformation is actually the process in which the substances in the body are metaboliz

11、ed and intertransformed.Movement（運(yùn)動）運(yùn)動）Concept of Concept of “qi jiqi ji” ： The Movement of Qi is known as The Movement of Qi is known as “qi jiqi ji” 氣機(jī)的概念：氣機(jī)的概念：氣的運(yùn)動稱為氣機(jī)氣的運(yùn)動稱為氣機(jī)B.B. Qi has four basic movement forms:Qi has four basic movement forms: ascending ascending （升）升） descending descending （

12、降）降） exitingexiting （出）（出） entering entering （入）入） The ascending, descending, exiting and entering of qi are mainly embodied in the physiological activities of the zang-fu organs, meridians and other processes of metabolism. Movement（運(yùn)動）運(yùn)動） For example,the lung governs respiration, exhaling pertains

13、 to exiting, inhaling to entering; and dispersing pertains to ascending, lowering to descending. The spleen sends the clear upward and the stomach passes the turbid downward. So all kinds of physiological activities in the human body, essentially, are reflected in the four movements of qi. congenita

14、l qi（先天之精氣）（先天之精氣）primordial qi( 元?dú)庠獨(dú)? pectoral qi (宗氣宗氣) defensive qi(衛(wèi)氣衛(wèi)氣) nutritive qi( 營氣營氣) Qi in the human body Types（分類）fresh air inhaled from the natural world（自然界之清氣）（自然界之清氣）cereal essence（水谷之精氣）（水谷之精氣）primordial qi（元?dú)猓ㄔ獨(dú)猓㊣t is the primary motive force of life activities. Primordial qi der

15、ives from the congenital essence stored in the kidney, and depends on the acquired essence regenerated by the spleen and stomach. B. pectoral qi（宗氣）宗氣） It is accumulated in chest. Pectoral qi performs two main functions. One is traveling through the respiratory tract to promote respiration and the s

16、ufficiency or insufficiency of pectoral qi influences the conditions of the voice、speech or breath and so on. The other is running through the heart-meridians to promote the circulation of qi and blood. Distribution and function（分布與功能）（分布與功能）D. defensive qi（衛(wèi)氣）（衛(wèi)氣）Defensive qi runs outside the blood

17、 vessels. It has the following functions: protecting the body surface against exogenous pathogens, controlling the opening and closing of the pores, adjusting the excretion of sweat, warming and nourishing the zang-fu organs, muscles and the skin with hairs, etc, maintaining a relatively constant bo

18、dy temperature. C. nutritive qi（營氣）（營氣）Nutritive qi is the qi that circulates together with blood in the vessels. It originates from the pure part of cereal essence transformed by the spleen and stomach and bears responsibility for the blood production and the nutrition of the whole body. Distributi

19、on and function（分布與功能）（分布與功能）血第二節(jié)二第二節(jié)二彭丹鳳彭丹鳳Part two bloodBLOODBLOOD（血）血）v Concept （概念）v Formation （生成）v Function（功能）v Movement （運(yùn)動）Concept（概念）red liquid（紅色液體）（紅色液體）circulating in the vessels（循行于脈中）（循行于脈中）blood（血）血）rich in nutrient（富有營養(yǎng)）富有營養(yǎng)）one of the indispensable substances that constitute the hu

20、man body and maintain its life activities.是構(gòu)成人體和維持人體生命活動的基本物質(zhì)之一 血血是循行于脈中的富有營養(yǎng)的紅色液態(tài)樣物質(zhì)，是是循行于脈中的富有營養(yǎng)的紅色液態(tài)樣物質(zhì)，是構(gòu)成和維持人體生命活動的基本物質(zhì)之一構(gòu)成和維持人體生命活動的基本物質(zhì)之一。 Formation（生成）material basis （物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)）（物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)）cereal essence-nutritive qi and body fluid 水谷之精水谷之精營氣和津液營氣和津液 kidney essence腎精腎精 Sketch map of blood formation（血液化

21、生示意圖）foodstuff（飲食水谷）cereal essence（水谷精微）（水谷精微）qi of spleen and stomach（脾胃之氣）nutritive qi（營氣）（營氣） body fluid（津液）津液） kidney essence（腎精）liver（肝）肝）heart-vessel（心脈）blood（血）血）fresh air inhaled from the natural world（自然界清氣）（自然界清氣）lung-qi（肺氣）Kidney-qi（腎氣）marrow（髓）髓）heart-qi（心氣） the kidney stores the kidney

22、stores essence, and essence essence, and essence produces marrow, they all produces marrow, they all promote the function of promote the function of spleen and stomach, and spleen and stomach, and help to the blood help to the blood formation.formation. the liver, besides the liver, besides its func

23、tion of its function of storing blood, storing blood, adjusts the volume adjusts the volume of blood flow and of blood flow and maintain the normal maintain the normal flow of qi and flow of qi and blood. blood. The spleen is viewed The spleen is viewed as the source for the as the source for the pr

24、oduction and production and transformation of qi transformation of qi and blood.and blood. The heart-qi is the The heart-qi is the fundamental motive fundamental motive power to propel blood power to propel blood circulation. The lung circulation. The lung is in charge of qi of is in charge of qi of

25、 the whole body.the whole body.1 1、nourish and moistennourish and moisten（營養(yǎng)和滋潤）營養(yǎng)和滋潤） The blood includes the rich nutrientsThe blood includes the rich nutrients，circulates ceaselessly Like a ring without circulates ceaselessly Like a ring without end to end to nourish and moistennourish and moisten

26、 all the organs all the organs and tissues. In this, normal physiological and tissues. In this, normal physiological activities are maintained.activities are maintained. Function（功能）2 2、material basis of mental activitiesmaterial basis of mental activities （神志活動的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)）神志活動的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)） Blood is also the mat

27、erial basis of Blood is also the material basis of mental activities. Sound mental activity mental activities. Sound mental activity results from normal circulation and a results from normal circulation and a sufficient supply of blood. So any blood sufficient supply of blood. So any blood trouble,

28、whatever the causes maybe, will trouble, whatever the causes maybe, will bring about symptoms of mental activities bring about symptoms of mental activities varying in degrees. varying in degrees. Function（功能） Blood circulates within the vessels, by Blood circulates within the vessels, by which it i

29、s carried to the zang-fu organs which it is carried to the zang-fu organs internally and to the skin, muscles, internally and to the skin, muscles, tendons and bones externally. It circulates tendons and bones externally. It circulates ceaselessly like a ring without end to ceaselessly like a ring w

30、ithout end to nourish and moisten all the organs and nourish and moisten all the organs and tissues.tissues. 血在血管中循行，內(nèi)至臟腑，外達(dá)皮肉筋骨，血在血管中循行，內(nèi)至臟腑，外達(dá)皮肉筋骨，如環(huán)無端，運(yùn)行不息，營養(yǎng)滋潤所有臟腑組織。如環(huán)無端，運(yùn)行不息，營養(yǎng)滋潤所有臟腑組織。 Movement（運(yùn)動）v Heart controlling blood circulation（心主血脈心主血脈）：）： The heart-qi is the fundamental motive power

31、to propel blood circulation. 心氣推動血液在脈中運(yùn)行。 v Convergence of vessels in lung（肺朝百脈）肺朝百脈）： Lung controlling dispersing outward and inwards,adjusting the “qi ji” 肺主宣發(fā)肅降，調(diào)節(jié)氣機(jī)。 v Spleen governing blood( (脾主統(tǒng)血脾主統(tǒng)血):): Keeping blood flowing within the vessels and prevent it from extravasating. 控制血在脈中運(yùn)行，防止血溢脈

32、外。v Liver storing blood( (肝藏血肝藏血):): Adjusting the volume of blood flow and maintaining the normal flow of qi and blood. 調(diào)節(jié)血量，維持血液循環(huán)及流量的平衡。 Movement（運(yùn)動）液津第二節(jié)三第二節(jié)三彭丹鳳彭丹鳳Part three body fluidv concept （概念）v formation distribution and excretion （生成、輸布與排泄） v function（功能）Body fluidBody fluid（津液）津液） Body

33、fluid is called jinye in TCM, including all kinds of fluids in the organs and tissues and their secretions, such as gastricjuice, intestinal juice, nasal discharge, tears, sweat, urine and so on. Just like qi and blood, body fluid is also one of the essential substances constituting the human body a

34、nd maintaining its life.Concept（概念） 體液在中醫(yī)稱為津液，包括存在于臟腑組織和它們之間體液在中醫(yī)稱為津液，包括存在于臟腑組織和它們之間間隙的各種液體如膽汁、腸液、鼻涕、眼淚、汗液、尿液等間隙的各種液體如膽汁、腸液、鼻涕、眼淚、汗液、尿液等等。與氣血一樣，津液也是構(gòu)成人體和維持生命活動的必要等。與氣血一樣，津液也是構(gòu)成人體和維持生命活動的必要物質(zhì)之一。物質(zhì)之一。Body fluid津液津液Jin（津）津） ye （液）液）jin is the fluid which is clear and thin and flows easily. It is distri

35、buted in the skin, muscles and orifices, furthermore, it permeates the blood vessels to keep them moistened. Ye is thick fluid with flowing less easily. It is distributed in the joints, brain, marrow and internal organs to nourish them. Concept（概念）Formation distribution and excretion生成、輸布與排泄 The for

36、mation, distribution and excretion of body fluid are the complex physiological process in which they are accomplished by the joint action of many organs. 津液的生成、輸布和排泄是一個由許多臟腑組織共津液的生成、輸布和排泄是一個由許多臟腑組織共同完成的復(fù)雜過程。同完成的復(fù)雜過程。 Formation distribution and excretion生成、輸布與排泄 Body fluid is formed from food and wat

37、er by digestion and absorption of the stomach, separating the clarity from the turbidity of the small intestine and tramformation of the spleen.（津液由胃中消化吸收、小腸進(jìn)行分清別濁、脾運(yùn)化的水谷中形成。 ） The distribution and excretion of body fluid are accomplished by the joint action of many zang-fu organ, such as the transf

38、orming function of the spleen, the dispersing and descending function of the lung, the steaming and ascending function of the kidney.(津液的分布和排泄由許多臟腑組織共同完成，如脾的運(yùn)化功能、肺的宣發(fā)肅降功能、腎的蒸發(fā)沉降功能。 ) Body fluid takes triple energizer as its passageway for distribution and excretion.(津液以三焦為通道進(jìn)行分布和排泄。)Function（功能）mois

39、tening and nourishing 滋潤和濡養(yǎng)作用滋潤和濡養(yǎng)作用producing blood 化生血液化生血液 adjusting yin and yang of the human body 調(diào)節(jié)人體的陰陽平衡調(diào)節(jié)人體的陰陽平衡 excreting metabolite 排泄代謝產(chǎn)物排泄代謝產(chǎn)物 delivering qi of the whole body運(yùn)載全身之氣運(yùn)載全身之氣氣血津液之間的關(guān)系第二節(jié)四第二節(jié)四彭丹鳳彭丹鳳QI, BLOOD AND BODY FLUID OF MUTUAL CAUSALITY 1、Qi and blood（氣和血）qi is the “comm

40、ander” of blood氣為血之帥氣為血之帥 Qi is the motive power for blood formation, or rather, it produces blood. Blood is formed from nutritive qi and body fluid, both of which come from food and water. All these cannot be separated from the functions of qi. Blood circulation depends on the propelling function o

41、f heart-qi. For another, qi controls blood and keep it flowing in the blood vessels without extravasation. blood is the mother of qi. 血為氣之母血為氣之母 Blood is referred to as the mother of qi because, on the one hand, blood is a carrier of qi; and on the other, blood provides adequate nutrients for qi. Th

42、erefore, it is impossible for qi to exist without itsmother, blood.2、Qi and body fluid（氣和津液） Qi produces body fluid. （氣能生津）氣能生津） The formation, distribution and excretion of body fluid depend upon all the movements of qi and its warming, promoting and controlling functions. The existence of qi in th

43、e body not only depends upon blood, but on body fluid which is formed from food essence by the functions of the stomach and spleen. So, whether body fluid is adequate or inadequate depends upon the conditions of spleen-qi and stomach-qi. 津液的形成、分布和排泄依賴氣的運(yùn)動和溫煦、推動和固攝功能。人體氣的存在不僅依賴血，也依賴脾運(yùn)化的水谷精微所形成的津液。因此，

44、津液的充足與否依賴脾胃之氣的狀態(tài)。 2、Qi and body fluid（氣和津液） Qi promotes the transportation of body fluid. （氣能行津） The movements of qi are the motivity for the transportation, and distribution of body fluid, and the excretion of sweat and urine. Therefore, In case ofdeficiency of qi or dysfunction of qi, disturbance

45、of body fluid in transportation, distribution and excretion will occur. Thereby leading to the stagnation ofbody fluid. 氣的運(yùn)動是津液運(yùn)行分布和汗尿液排泄的原動力。因此氣虛或氣的功能失常，就會發(fā)生津液運(yùn)行、分布和排泄的紊亂，使津液停滯。 C. Qi controls body fluid. （氣能攝津） Qi may control the excretion of body fluid and maintain the balance of the metabolism o

46、f body fluid, In case qi fails to control the excretion of body fluid some of body fluid will run off. 氣可以控制津液的排泄，維持體液代謝平衡。如氣無法控制津液的排泄，便會導(dǎo)致津液的橫溢。 2、Qi and body fluid（氣和津液）D. Body fluid is a carrier of qi.（津能載氣） Qi resides in body fluid, Body fluid serves as a carrier of qi.That is, body fluid carries qi. Qi cannot exist without b