八年級英語（上冊）(外研版)Module7Afamousstory知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、PAGE18 / NUMPAGES18初二英語上冊（外研版）Module 7 A famous story知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)一、重點(diǎn)詞匯原文再現(xiàn) Alice followed it and fell down a hole in the ground. 愛麗絲跟著她，掉進(jìn)地上的一個大洞里?；居梅?1. fall vi. 落下；來臨；減弱（過去式：fell 過去分詞：fallen 現(xiàn)在分詞：falling 三單：falls） Apples fell from the tree. 蘋果從樹上落下。 2.fall做動詞時，還可以是連系動詞，表示“變得”。fall asleep 入睡 I can not f

2、all asleep after drinking coffee this late.現(xiàn)在這么晚了，喝咖啡之后我睡不著。 fall in love with 愛上 Slowly but surely she started to fall in love with him. 雖然過程緩慢，但她無疑開始愛上他了。 3. fall 做名詞，意為：秋天知識拓展-詞義辨析：fall詞組 1. fall down 掉下來，摔倒 Babies often fall down when they learn to walk.嬰兒在學(xué)走路時經(jīng)常摔倒。 2. fall behind 落后 He didnt wa

3、nt to fall behind in his studies. 他不想在學(xué)習(xí)上落后于別人。 3. fall into 落入 The boy fell into water and had to be pulled out at once. 男孩掉入了水中，必須馬上拉上來。原文再現(xiàn) Alice followed it and fell down a hole in the ground. 愛麗絲跟著她，掉進(jìn)地上的一個大洞里。基本用法 follow vt.& vi.跟隨，接著（過去式：followed 過去分詞：followed 現(xiàn)在分詞：following 三單：follows） We fo

4、llowed him up the steps into a large hall. 我們跟著他上樓來到一個很大的大廳。原文再現(xiàn) Alice followed it and fell down a hole in the ground. 愛麗絲跟著她，掉進(jìn)地上的一個大洞里?；居梅?hole n. 洞；孔； 洞穴 Mary burned a hole in her dress. 瑪麗在外衣上燒了一個洞。原文再現(xiàn) Alice followed it and fell down a hole in the ground. 愛麗絲跟著她，掉進(jìn)地上的一個大洞里?；居梅?ground n. 地面；土地

5、；圍 The little donkey rolled on the ground. 小驢在地上打滾。 The children were playing on the ground. 孩子們在地上玩耍。知識拓展-相關(guān)單詞 playground 操場underground 地鐵，地下的原文再現(xiàn) Once or twice she looked into her sisters book. 她偶爾看一眼姐姐的書?；居梅?twice adv. 兩次； 兩倍； 兩遍 I mop the kitchen floor twice a week. 我一星期兩次用拖把拖廚房的地板。 once or twi

6、ce 的意思是“偶爾，一兩次”。I read some books in library once or twice a week. 我一周去一兩次圖書館看書。知識拓展-相關(guān)短語 once/twice/基數(shù)詞+times a day/month/表示頻率 Take this medicine twice a day. 藥一天吃兩次。原文再現(xiàn) Suddenly a white rabbit with pink eyes ran by. 突然一只長著粉紅色眼睛的白兔跑過?；居梅?suddenly adv. 突然地；忽然 Her big eyes suddenly lighted up when

7、she saw them. 她見到他們時，一雙大眼睛突然亮了起來。知識拓展-相關(guān)單詞 sudden adj. 突然的 She turned pale with sudden fear.她突然被嚇得驚恐失色。 all of a sudden =suddenly 突然地 All of a sudden she didnt look sleepy any more. 突然她看上去不再困倦了。原文再現(xiàn) A rabbit with a pocket and a watch? 一只有口袋和手表的兔子？基本用法 pocket n. 口袋 The man stood with his hands in his

8、 pockets. 那個男人雙手插在兜里站著。 He took his flashlight from his jacket pocket and switched it on. 他從夾克口袋里拿出手電筒，打開開關(guān)。知識拓展-相關(guān)短語pocket money 零花錢 We agreed to give her 6 a week pocket money. 我們同意每周給她6英鎊零花錢。原文再現(xiàn) Alice got up and ran across the field after it. 愛麗絲站起來，穿過田野追它?；居梅?filed n. 田野，田地；領(lǐng)域 They went for wa

9、lks together in the fields. 他們一起在田野里漫步。 She has made great achievement in her filed. 她在自己的領(lǐng)域做出了重大進(jìn)步。原文再現(xiàn) Then Alice went down after it, but never thought about how she was going to get out again. 愛麗絲一直追它，但從沒想過她怎樣出來?；居梅?think about 考慮，思考 She thought a lot about how to spend this winter vacation. 她想了

10、很多，該怎么過這個寒假。 We will think about your suggestion. 我們會考慮你的建議。知識拓展-詞義辨析：think詞組think about 考慮，思考，著重于想的過程 think of “想起、記起；有想法、看法；對有意見；考慮” Will you think of me afterIveleft? 我離開后，你還會記著我嗎？原文再現(xiàn) She found that she was falling down a very, very deep hole. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己掉進(jìn)一個非常非常深的洞里。基本用法 deep adj. 深的 Den had dug a de

11、ep hole in thecenterof the garden. 德恩在花園的中央挖了一個深洞。 The water is very deep and mysterious-looking. 水看上去幽深叵測。原文再現(xiàn) While she was falling, she was thinking about her cat, Dinah. 當(dāng)她向下落的時候，她想到了自己的貓黛娜。基本用法 while conj. 在期間，與同時；引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句 We must strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。 While she was listening to t

12、he radio，she fell asleep. 她聽著收音機(jī)睡著了。知識拓展while 的用法還有：1. 做連詞，起讓步狀語從句，意思是“雖然但是.”、“盡管但是”(多放于句首) While he loves his students，he is very strict with them. 雖然他愛他的學(xué)生，可是他對他們很嚴(yán)格。 2. 用作并列連詞用，意思為“而，然而”，表對比。 Some people waste food while others havent enough. 有些人很費(fèi)糧食，然而有些人卻吃不飽。3. 做名詞，意思是：一會兒 I lived for a while i

13、n Florence. 我在佛羅倫薩住過一段時間。出題建議 搜索while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句時，進(jìn)入語法專練模板，選擇主從復(fù)合句下時間狀語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的選用， 題型可選擇：單選、完成句子、翻譯等，同時在關(guān)鍵詞中輸入：while。原文再現(xiàn) Suddenly she landed on some dry leaves. 突然，她落到了一些干樹葉上?；居梅?1. land v. 著陸，降，land on 的意思是“落到上” 例如: The plane landed on the beach because of a thick fog. 由于大霧飛機(jī)降落在海灘上了。 His kite landed

14、 on the playground at last. 他的風(fēng)箏最后落到了操場上。2. land n. 陸地，地面 The river passes through our land. 這條河流經(jīng)我們的國土。原文再現(xiàn) Suddenly she landed on some dry leaves.基本用法 dry adj. 干的，干燥的 The soil is too dry for planting. 土太干了，不能種東西。 After these dry days, everyone hopes for rain. 干燥的天氣之后，人人都希望下雨。二、重點(diǎn)句型基本用法 本句中用到了兩個常用的

15、介詞： 1. by，表示“在附近” Emma was by the door. 艾瑪站在門旁。 Judith was sitting in a rocking-chair by the window. 朱迪絲正坐在窗戶邊的一搖椅里。 2. with，表示“帶有.，擁有”He was in his early forties, tall and blond with bright blue eyes. 他40出頭兒，高高的個子，金黃頭發(fā)，一雙天藍(lán)色眼睛。 A young woman came in with a cup of coffee. 一名年輕女子端著一杯咖啡走進(jìn)來。基本用法 本句中需要注

16、意以下兩點(diǎn)： 1. in a tree指的是：在樹上（不是樹本身長的），跟它相對應(yīng)的是：on the tree指：長在樹上的 Most birds nest in a tree. 多數(shù)鳥在樹上筑巢。 You see the green leaves on the tree. 你在樹上可以看見綠葉。 2. smile at指：朝微笑，對微笑 People smiled at me as I was walking through the crowd. 當(dāng)我穿過人群的時候，人們朝我微笑?；居梅?本句實(shí)際上是一個省略句，應(yīng)該是：I asked you all those questions to

17、see if you remember the story，動詞 不定式表示目的，具體用法可參看Module 6中的Unit 3。 同時在動詞不定式中，包含if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，if做“是否”講，如： I wonder if you could give me some advice on dealing with this problem. 我想你能否就解決這個問題給我一些建議。 I dont know if she will come to the party. 我不知道她是否回來晚會。出題建議搜索引導(dǎo)詞為if的賓語從句時，題型可選擇：單選、完成句子等，同時在關(guān)鍵詞中輸入：if?；居梅?W

18、hatfor? 表示“有什么用，為什么？” What did Tony go with me for? 托尼為什么和我一起去？ What do you buy so much bread for? 你為什么買這么多面包？基本用法 nothing為復(fù)合不定代詞，形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞，須后置。 Did you find anything different between the two bikes? 你有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩輛自行車有什么區(qū)別？ I dont know where Mr. White has gone. Youd better ask someone else. 我不知道懷特先生去哪兒

19、了，你最好問問其他人?；居梅?本句中包含以下兩個知識點(diǎn)： 1. across prep. 穿過；橫穿，橫過 She walked across the floor and lay down on the bed. 她走過地板躺在了床上。 2. run after 追趕；追求；奔逐 If you run after two hares,you will catch neither. 如果你追兩只兔子，你一個也捉不住。諺語，相當(dāng)于中國諺語：“貪多嚼不爛” I heard you were running after Miss Brown. 我聽說你正在追布朗小姐。知識拓展-詞義辨析 1. acr

20、oss/cross 均表示“穿過、橫過”，但across是介詞，cross是動詞。 They live across the Central Plaza. 他們住在中央廣場的對面。 He has crossed the border into another territory. 他已越過邊界進(jìn)入別國的領(lǐng)土。 2. across/through 這些前置詞均有“橫過、穿過”之意。 across指“從的一邊到另一邊”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面穿過。 through側(cè)重從一端穿到另一端，強(qiáng)調(diào)從中間穿過。 Can you swim across the river in ten minutes? 你能10分鐘游過

21、這條河嗎？ Tom and Jack saw a fox when they were walking through the forest.湯姆和杰克穿過深林的時候看到一只狐貍?；居梅?本句中用到了感官動詞see，其后可以接不加to的動詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)。感官動詞的用法如下： 1. 感官動詞包括：see, hear, listen to, watch, notice, look, sound,feel, smell, taste等。 2. 感官動詞look, sound, smell, taste, feel可當(dāng)系動詞，后接形容詞。 He looks angry. 他看起來很生氣。 His e

22、xplanation sounds reasonable. 他的解釋聽起來合理。The cakes smell nice. 蛋糕問著很香。 3. see, hear, listen to, watch, notice等詞，后接賓語，再接省略to的動詞不定式或ing形式。前者表全過程， 后者表正在進(jìn)行。句中有頻率詞時，以上的詞也常跟動詞原形。 see sb do sth 看到某人做了某事 see sb doing sth 看到某人在做某事 hear sb do sth 聽到某人做了某事hear sb doing sth 聽到某人在做某事 以此類推. I heard someone knockin

23、g at the door when I fell asleep. 我入睡時有人正敲門。（強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)時正在敲門） I heard someone knock at the door three times. 我聽到有人敲了3次門。（聽到有人敲門的全過程) I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school.我經(jīng)常看我的同學(xué)放學(xué)后打排球。（此處有頻率詞often）基本用法 本句中采用了“tooto”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“太而不能”。 He is too young to know right from wrong. 他太小，還分不清是非。 The

24、box is too heavy for the boy to carry. 這個箱子太重，這男孩提不起。基本用法 本句中采用了“it is adj. of sb to do sth”的句型，表示“某人做是.的”。 其中的形容詞是對人的描寫。 Its very kind of you to help me. 你幫助我，你真太好了。 Its clever of you to work out the math problem. 你真聰明，解出了這道數(shù)學(xué)題。基本用法 本句話中that是主語，is是謂語動詞，because引導(dǎo)的從句為表語從句，在全句中做表語成分。 That is why hedid

25、ntcome to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會的原因。 It is because you eat too much. 那是因?yàn)槟愠缘锰嗔?。基本用?stop doing 指“停止做某事”，stop to do指“停下來去做某事”。 The two girls stopped talking when they saw me. 那兩個女孩一見到我就停止了講話。 The two girls stopped to talk to me when they saw me. 這兩個女孩一看到我就停下來和我講我?；居梅?or在本句話中表示“否則”。or的用法如下： 1. 用在選擇

26、疑問句中連接被選擇的對象，意為“或者，還是”。 Did you do your homework or watch TV last night? 你昨晚做作業(yè)還是看電視？ 2. 用于否定句中連結(jié)并列成分，表示“和，與”之意。 There isnt any air or water on the moon. 月球上既沒有空氣也沒有水。The baby is too young. He cant speak or walk. 那嬰兒太小，他不會說話，也不會走路。 3. 用于句型“祈使句+or+述句”中，表示在以祈使句為條件下的相反假設(shè)，意為“否則，要不然”。 Work hard, or you w

27、ill fall behind. 你要努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則會落后。 Get up early tomorrow, or you will miss the early train. 你明天要早點(diǎn)起身，要不然就趕不上早班火車了。4. 用于“eitheror”結(jié)構(gòu)中，意為“不是就是”，“要么要么”，連結(jié)的并列成份可在句中作主語、 表語、謂語、賓語等。 Either she or I am right. 不是她對就是我對。 The shoes in the shop were either too big or too small for me. 店里的鞋對我來說不是太大就是太小。基本用法 take th

28、e place of 指“代替” These new facilities will take the place of the old ones. 這些新設(shè)備將代替那些舊的。 Airplanes cannot completely take the place of trains. 飛機(jī)不會完全代替火車?；居梅?這是英語中常出現(xiàn)的一個句式，Ive been to in all my life是省略引導(dǎo)詞that的定語從句，修飾前面的the stupidest tea party，并且定語從句中采用現(xiàn)在完成時。 This is the most exciting movie thatIvee

29、ver seen. 這是我看過的最精彩的電影。 It is the funniest storyIveever heard of. 這是我聽過的最好笑的故事。出題建議 搜索相關(guān)題目時，進(jìn)入語法專練模板，選擇現(xiàn)在完成時的時間標(biāo)志詞，題型可選擇：單選、完成句子、翻譯等，同時在關(guān)鍵詞中輸入：the best（或其他形副的最高級形式）。三、重點(diǎn)語法定義 過去進(jìn)行時，是表示過去某個具體時刻正在進(jìn)行的事情或動作。結(jié)構(gòu) was/were +doing (現(xiàn)在分詞）用法 1. 過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某段時間持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作或者事情。常用的時間狀語this morning, the whole morning, al

30、l day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例如： We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時候我們在看電視。 What was he researching all day last Sunday?上周日他一整天都在研究什么？ My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥騎自行車的時候從車上摔下來，受傷了。 It was raining when

31、 they left the station. 他們離開車站的時候天正在下雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂?shù)臅r候，燦爛。2. 過去進(jìn)行時可以表示在過去某個時間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。時間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示。如： What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday? 昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么？ (介詞短語表示時間點(diǎn)) When I saw him he was decorating his room. 當(dāng)我看見他的時候他正在裝飾房間。 (when從句表

32、示時間點(diǎn)) 3. 在復(fù)合句中，如果主要動作和背景動作都是延續(xù)的或同時發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動詞都可用過去 進(jìn)行時。While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他邊等車邊看報。 (兩個動作都是延續(xù)的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦車時我在做飯。(兩個動作同時進(jìn)行) 4. 表示在過去即將發(fā)生的動作。 She asked him whether he was coming back for supper. 5. 表示過去的反復(fù)性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與副詞alwa

33、ys,constantly,continually,frequently等連用，常常帶 有說話人的某種感情色彩。 His mother was always working like that. 他目前總是那樣工作。 通常不能用于過去進(jìn)行時的動詞主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(擁有), hear, know, like, love,mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如： 我知道答案。 誤：I was

34、 knowing the answer.正：I knew the answer. 我不明白他的意思。 誤：I wasnt understanding him. 正：I didnt understand him.定義 過去進(jìn)行時，是表示過去某個具體時刻正在進(jìn)行的事情或動作。結(jié)構(gòu) was/were +doing (現(xiàn)在分詞）用法： 1. 過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某段時間持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作或者事情。常用的時間狀語this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例如： We

35、 were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時候我們在看電視。 What was he researching all day last Sunday?上周日他一整天都在研究什么？ My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥騎自行車的時候從車上摔下來，受傷了。 It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站的時候天正在下雨。 When I got to the top of

36、the mountain, the sun was shining. 4. 表示在過去即將發(fā)生的動作。She asked him whether he was coming back for supper. 5. 表示過去的反復(fù)性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與副詞always,constantly,continually,frequently等連用，常常帶 有說話人的某種感情色彩。 His mother was always working like that. 他目前總是那樣工作。 通常不能用于過去進(jìn)行時的動詞主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget,

37、hate, have(擁有), hear, know, like, love,mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如：我知道答案。 誤：I was knowing the answer. 正：I knew the answer. 我不明白他的意思。 誤：I wasnt understanding him. 正：I didnt understand him. 當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂?shù)臅r候，燦爛。2. 過去進(jìn)行時可以表示在過去某個時間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。時間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示。如： W

38、hat was she doing at nine oclock yesterday? 昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么？ (介詞短語表示時間點(diǎn)) When I saw him he was decorating his room. 當(dāng)我看見他的時候他正在裝飾房間。 (when從句表示時間點(diǎn)) 3. 在復(fù)合句中，如果主要動作和背景動作都是延續(xù)的或同時發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動詞都可用過去進(jìn)行時。 While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他邊等車邊看報。 (兩個動作都是延續(xù)的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦車時我在做飯。(兩個動作同時進(jìn)行)定義 過去進(jìn)行時，是表示過去某個具體時刻正在進(jìn)行的事情或動作。結(jié)構(gòu) was/were +doing (現(xiàn)在分詞）用法 1. 過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某段時間持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作或者事情。常用的時間狀語this morning, the wholemorning, all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening, whe