機(jī)械專業(yè)英語課件10

1、1n單詞復(fù)習(xí)：nTurning/milling/grindingnToolnwork piecenMetalcuttingnLathe/planernHybridnrigidity上一課回顧2Lesson 10 Lathes 車床車床 重點(diǎn)詞匯：1. engine lathe 普通車床2. production and maintenance shops 生產(chǎn)和維修車間3. carriage n. 溜板 四輪馬車4. piston 活塞5. dismount n. v. 卸下，拆除，拆卸6. set up 調(diào)整，準(zhǔn)備，安裝7. forging n. 鍛件 a.鍛造的8. work on 對(duì) 進(jìn)

2、行加工9. end working and side-working 端面和側(cè)面加工3Recognize Lathe 4Paragraph 1nLathes are widely used in industry to produce all kind of machined parts. nSome are general-purpose(通用的) machines, and others are used to perform highly specialized operations. n車床在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中被廣泛用來加工各種類型的機(jī)械零車床在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中被廣泛用來加工各種類型的機(jī)械零件。一些

3、車床是通用機(jī)床，而另一些車床則被用來完件。一些車床是通用機(jī)床，而另一些車床則被用來完成某些專門工序的加工任務(wù)。成某些專門工序的加工任務(wù)。 5Paragraph 2: Engine Lathes普通車床普通車床nEngine lathes, of course are general-purpose machines used in production and maintenance shops all over the world. n普通車床是全世界的生產(chǎn)車間和維修車間里廣泛使用普通車床是全世界的生產(chǎn)車間和維修車間里廣泛使用的通用機(jī)床。的通用機(jī)床。 nSizes range from sm

4、all bench models to huge heavy-duty(重型的) piece of equipment. n它的尺寸范圍很大，從小型的臺(tái)式車床它的尺寸范圍很大，從小型的臺(tái)式車床(bench models)到巨大的重型車床。到巨大的重型車床。 6n Many of the larger lathes come equipped with attachments not commonly found in the ordinary shop, such as automatic stops for the carriage. n許多大型的車床配備在普通車間中通?？床坏降母郊S多大

5、型的車床配備在普通車間中通?？床坏降母郊?，例如，溜板的自動(dòng)擋塊。例如，溜板的自動(dòng)擋塊。 7Paragraph 3:Tracer or Duplicating Lathes仿形仿形/靠模車床靠模車床 nThe tracer or duplicating lathe is designed to produce irregularly shaped parts automatically.nThe basic operation of this lathe is as follows: A template(模板、模型) of either a flat or three-dimensional

6、shape is placed in a holder. n靠模車床或仿形車床（靠模車床或仿形車床（tracer or duplicating lathe）設(shè)計(jì)用來對(duì)形狀不規(guī)則的零件進(jìn)行自動(dòng)加工。這種車設(shè)計(jì)用來對(duì)形狀不規(guī)則的零件進(jìn)行自動(dòng)加工。這種車床的基本操作如下：在夾持裝置上安裝平面或立體形床的基本操作如下：在夾持裝置上安裝平面或立體形狀的樣板。狀的樣板。8nA guider or pointer(仿形指) then moves along this shape and its movement controls that of the cutting tool. n然后，導(dǎo)向觸頭或指針沿著

7、它的外形移動(dòng)，從而控制然后，導(dǎo)向觸頭或指針沿著它的外形移動(dòng)，從而控制切削刀具的運(yùn)動(dòng)。切削刀具的運(yùn)動(dòng)。nThe duplication may include a square or tapered(錐形的) shoulder(臺(tái)肩), grooves, tapers(錐體), and contours. n仿形加工可以包括方形或錐形軸肩、各種槽、錐體或仿形加工可以包括方形或錐形軸肩、各種槽、錐體或輪廓。輪廓。 9nWorks such as motor shafts, spindles, pistons, rods, car axles, turbine shafts, and a varie

8、ty of other objects can be turned using this type of lathe. n像電機(jī)的軸、主軸、活塞像電機(jī)的軸、主軸、活塞(pistons)、連桿、汽車軸、連桿、汽車軸、汽輪機(jī)軸和其他很多種類的工件都可以采用這種車床汽輪機(jī)軸和其他很多種類的工件都可以采用這種車床來進(jìn)行加工。來進(jìn)行加工。10Paragraph 4: Turret Lathes 轉(zhuǎn)塔車床轉(zhuǎn)塔車床 nA Turret lathe is basically similar to an engine lathe except that the conventional tool post is

9、 replaced with a hexagonal turret, which can be rotated around a vertical axis as required. n轉(zhuǎn)塔車床與普通車床基本上一樣，只是將傳統(tǒng)的刀架轉(zhuǎn)塔車床與普通車床基本上一樣，只是將傳統(tǒng)的刀架換成了六角形的轉(zhuǎn)塔，該六角刀架可以根據(jù)需要繞鉛換成了六角形的轉(zhuǎn)塔，該六角刀架可以根據(jù)需要繞鉛直方向的軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。直方向的軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。 11nAppropriate tools are mounted on the six sides of the turret.nThe length of each tool is so adj

10、usted that by simply indexing(轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)) the turret, any tool can be brought in exactly the desired operating condition. n刀具安裝在轉(zhuǎn)塔的六個(gè)邊上。每一把刀具的（伸出）刀具安裝在轉(zhuǎn)塔的六個(gè)邊上。每一把刀具的（伸出）長(zhǎng)度也可以調(diào)整，因此，所有刀具可以很方便地、準(zhǔn)長(zhǎng)度也可以調(diào)整，因此，所有刀具可以很方便地、準(zhǔn)確地轉(zhuǎn)到需要的位置。確地轉(zhuǎn)到需要的位置。 12nThose cutting tools can, therefore be employed successively(依次地) with

11、out the need for dismounting the tool and mounting a new one each time, as the case with conventional engine lathe. n這些刀具可以正確地使用而不需要像普通車床那樣，這些刀具可以正確地使用而不需要像普通車床那樣，每次更換刀具都要裝卸。每次更換刀具都要裝卸。 13nThis result in an appreciable saving in the time required for setting up the tools. nAlso, on a turret lathe a

12、skilled machinist is required only initially to set up the tools. n這樣節(jié)省了可觀的刀具調(diào)整時(shí)間。只需要一個(gè)熟練的這樣節(jié)省了可觀的刀具調(diào)整時(shí)間。只需要一個(gè)熟練的機(jī)械師在加工開始前安裝和調(diào)整刀具。機(jī)械師在加工開始前安裝和調(diào)整刀具。 14nA laborer with limited training can operate the turret lathe thereafter and produce parts identical to those that can be manufactured when a highly s

13、killed machinist operates the lathe. n操作工人只需要有限的訓(xùn)練就能操作轉(zhuǎn)塔車床并能加操作工人只需要有限的訓(xùn)練就能操作轉(zhuǎn)塔車床并能加工出在普通車床上需要高級(jí)技工才能加工出的同樣的工出在普通車床上需要高級(jí)技工才能加工出的同樣的零件。零件。 15Paragraph 5 Automatic Screw Machine自動(dòng)螺絲車床自動(dòng)螺絲車床 nScrew machine are similar in construction to turret lathe, except that their heads are designed to hold and feed

14、 long bars of stock. nOtherwise, there is little difference between them. n螺紋車床在結(jié)構(gòu)上與轉(zhuǎn)塔車床類似，不同之處是螺紋車螺紋車床在結(jié)構(gòu)上與轉(zhuǎn)塔車床類似，不同之處是螺紋車床的主軸頭部能被設(shè)計(jì)用來夾持和送進(jìn)長(zhǎng)棒料。除此之床的主軸頭部能被設(shè)計(jì)用來夾持和送進(jìn)長(zhǎng)棒料。除此之外，它們之間幾乎沒有什么差別。外，它們之間幾乎沒有什么差別。 16nBoth are designed for multiple tooling, and both have adaptations for identical work. nOriginal

15、ly, the turret lathe was designed as a chucking lathe for machining small castings, forgings, and irregularly shaped work piece. n這兩種車床都可用多刀具切削，適合加工同樣的工件。這兩種車床都可用多刀具切削，適合加工同樣的工件。最初，為轉(zhuǎn)塔車床設(shè)計(jì)的用途和卡盤車床的用途一樣，最初，為轉(zhuǎn)塔車床設(shè)計(jì)的用途和卡盤車床的用途一樣，也是用來加工小型鑄件、鍛件和形狀不規(guī)則的零件。也是用來加工小型鑄件、鍛件和形狀不規(guī)則的零件。 17nThe first screw machines

16、 were designed to feed bar stock and wire used in making small screw parts. n早期的螺紋車床通過棒料和線材的送進(jìn)，制造小的螺早期的螺紋車床通過棒料和線材的送進(jìn)，制造小的螺紋零件。紋零件。nToday, however, the turret lathe is frequently used with a collet attachment, and the automatic screw machine can be equipped with a chuck to hold castings. n時(shí)至今日，轉(zhuǎn)塔車床上

17、經(jīng)常使用夾頭（時(shí)至今日，轉(zhuǎn)塔車床上經(jīng)常使用夾頭（collet）附件，）附件，而自動(dòng)螺紋車床上則可通過安裝卡盤用來夾持鑄件。而自動(dòng)螺紋車床上則可通過安裝卡盤用來夾持鑄件。 18Paragraph 6nThe single-spindle automatic screw machine, as its name implies, machines work on only one bar of stock at a time. n單軸自動(dòng)螺紋車床，顧名思義，一次僅能加工一根單軸自動(dòng)螺紋車床，顧名思義，一次僅能加工一根棒料。棒料。nA bar 16 to 20mfeet long is fed th

18、rough the headstock spindle and is held firmly by a collet. n一根一根16至至20英寸長(zhǎng)的棒料可以通過主軸箱中的主軸英寸長(zhǎng)的棒料可以通過主軸箱中的主軸孔送進(jìn)，并用夾頭將其夾緊。孔送進(jìn)，并用夾頭將其夾緊。 19nThe machining operations are done by cutting tools mounted on the turret and on the cross slide. n機(jī)械加工工序是由裝在轉(zhuǎn)塔和橫刀架機(jī)械加工工序是由裝在轉(zhuǎn)塔和橫刀架(cross slide)上上的刀具完成的。的刀具完成的。nWhen

19、the machine is in operation, the spindle and the stock are rotated at selected speeds for different operations. n當(dāng)機(jī)床工作時(shí)，主軸和棒料按照為每道工序所選擇的當(dāng)機(jī)床工作時(shí)，主軸和棒料按照為每道工序所選擇的轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)。轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)。nIf required, rapid reversal of the spindle is also possible. n如果需要時(shí)也可以使主軸快速反轉(zhuǎn)。如果需要時(shí)也可以使主軸快速反轉(zhuǎn)。 20nIn the single-spindle automatic

20、screw machine, a specific length of stock is automatically fed through the spindle to a machining area. n在單軸自動(dòng)螺紋車床上，棒料的一段規(guī)定好的長(zhǎng)度穿在單軸自動(dòng)螺紋車床上，棒料的一段規(guī)定好的長(zhǎng)度穿過主軸自動(dòng)送到加工區(qū)。過主軸自動(dòng)送到加工區(qū)。nAt this point, the turret and the cross slide move into position and automatically perform whatever operation are required. n在

21、這里，轉(zhuǎn)塔和橫向刀架進(jìn)入加工位置并自動(dòng)完成所在這里，轉(zhuǎn)塔和橫向刀架進(jìn)入加工位置并自動(dòng)完成所需要的任何加工工作。需要的任何加工工作。 Paragraph 721nAfter the machined piece is cut off, stock is again fed into the machining area and the entire cycle is repeated. n當(dāng)加工好的零件被切斷后，棒料再次被送入加工區(qū)，當(dāng)加工好的零件被切斷后，棒料再次被送入加工區(qū)，并重復(fù)整個(gè)循環(huán)。并重復(fù)整個(gè)循環(huán)。 22Paragraph 8nMultiple-spindle automatic s

22、crew machines have four to eight spindles located around a spindle carrier. n多軸自動(dòng)螺紋車床在主軸鼓周圍裝有多軸自動(dòng)螺紋車床在主軸鼓周圍裝有4到到8根主軸。根主軸。nLong bar of stock, supported on the rear of the machine, pass through these hollow spindles and are gripped by collets.n在機(jī)床尾部支撐著的長(zhǎng)棒料穿過這些空心的主軸，通在機(jī)床尾部支撐著的長(zhǎng)棒料穿過這些空心的主軸，通過夾頭進(jìn)行夾緊。過夾頭進(jìn)

23、行夾緊。 23nWith the single-spindle machine, the turret indexes around the spindle.n When one tool on the turret is working, the others are not. nWith a multiple-spindle machine, however, the spindle itself indexes. n在單軸自動(dòng)螺紋車床上，轉(zhuǎn)塔繞主軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)塔上在單軸自動(dòng)螺紋車床上，轉(zhuǎn)塔繞主軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)塔上的一個(gè)刀具工作時(shí)，其他刀具不工作。的一個(gè)刀具工作時(shí)，其他刀具不工作。n然而，在多軸

24、自動(dòng)螺紋車床上，主軸自己轉(zhuǎn)位。然而，在多軸自動(dòng)螺紋車床上，主軸自己轉(zhuǎn)位。 24nThus the bars of stock are carried to the various end-working and side-working tools.n因此，幾根棒料被轉(zhuǎn)位到各個(gè)不同的端面加工和側(cè)面因此，幾根棒料被轉(zhuǎn)位到各個(gè)不同的端面加工和側(cè)面加工的刀具位置處。加工的刀具位置處。 nEach tool operates in only position, but all tools operate simultaneously. n每把刀具僅在一個(gè)位置工作，但是所有的刀具都能同每把刀具僅在一個(gè)位

25、置工作，但是所有的刀具都能同時(shí)工作。時(shí)工作。nTherefore, four to eight work pieces can be machined at the same time. n因此，能夠在同一時(shí)間內(nèi)加工因此，能夠在同一時(shí)間內(nèi)加工4到到8個(gè)工件。個(gè)工件。 25Paragraph 9 Vertical Turret Lathes立式轉(zhuǎn)塔車床立式轉(zhuǎn)塔車床 nA vertical turret lathe is basically a turret lathe that has been stood on its headstock end. nIt is designed to per

26、form a variety of turning operations. n立式轉(zhuǎn)塔車床基本上就是將其主軸箱豎立起來的一臺(tái)立式轉(zhuǎn)塔車床基本上就是將其主軸箱豎立起來的一臺(tái)轉(zhuǎn)塔車床。它設(shè)計(jì)用來完成各種各樣的切削工作。轉(zhuǎn)塔車床。它設(shè)計(jì)用來完成各種各樣的切削工作。 26n It consists of a turret, a revolving table, and a slide head with a square turret for holding additional tools. n它由一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)塔，一個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)（它由一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)塔，一個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)（removing table ）和一個(gè)側(cè)面溜板組成的，在側(cè)面溜板上裝有可以再安和一個(gè)側(cè)面溜板組成的，在側(cè)面溜板上裝有可以再安裝幾把刀具的正方形刀架。裝幾把刀具的正方形刀架。nOperations performed by any of the tools mounted on the turret or side head can be cont