week6詞類轉(zhuǎn)換

1、英漢對(duì)比: 靜態(tài)與動(dòng)態(tài)用名詞來表達(dá)屬于動(dòng)詞、形容詞、甚至副詞所表達(dá)的概念由動(dòng)詞派生的名詞 （worker, government, examination, )名詞優(yōu)勢(shì)造出介詞優(yōu)勢(shì)Is this train for Chicago?The machine is in operation.1動(dòng)詞的虛化與弱化It is there is, Have a break/quarrel, do so some cleaning, make an investigation漢語的動(dòng)態(tài)多動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞詞組可充當(dāng)句子的各種成分來的來，去的去2conversion:名詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞 Theinternational

2、foodshortagehadadire-ctimpactonKuwaitandotherbarrendesertcountries.由于世界普遍缺乏糧食，這就直接影響到科威特和其它不毛的沙漠國家。 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已經(jīng)用來探索宇宙3The UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied terr

3、itories and Arab acknowledgement of Israelis right to exist.聯(lián)合國文件要求在以色利撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承認(rèn)以色利的生存權(quán)利的基礎(chǔ)上來解決中東沖突。4Ordinarily a territorial claim requires physical possession of the territory by one or more explorers.在一般情況下，提出任何一種領(lǐng)土要求都需要由一個(gè)或更多個(gè)先驅(qū)者實(shí)地占有這塊土地。 Nuclear warfare would leave no time for the old-styl

4、e mobilization of the armed forces.核戰(zhàn)爭將不讓你有時(shí)間照老樣子按部就班地動(dòng)員武裝部隊(duì)。5Of 或所有格并非總是表示所屬關(guān)系the occupation of the land（動(dòng)賓）the city of Shanghai（同謂語）The Prime Ministers arrivalThe criminals punishmentNewtons lawMens clothes6An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.讀一點(diǎn)世界史對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)事是有幫助

5、的The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我們的噴氣式飛機(jī)，聽見隆隆的機(jī)聲，令我特別神往。7I am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I我未必會(huì)教你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。Some of my classmates are good singersMao Amin is a well-known singer.He is no smoker, but

6、 his father is a chain-smoker.8Tobacco and smoking were the subject of 413 broadcast news stories during the year.那一年里,廣播新聞報(bào)道提及煙草和煙草工業(yè)413次。Seismic measurements of travel time and amplitude define the subsurface geometry.如果我們測(cè)得地震的走時(shí)和振幅,就能確定地表巖石土壤的幾何圖形。9名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞The security and the warmth of the destr

7、oyers sick bay were wonderful.驅(qū)逐艦的病室很安全也很溫暖，好極了As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.他對(duì)這城市完全陌生Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.獨(dú)立思考對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)是絕對(duì)必要的。10副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞Theseathunderedon,overandpast,andasitroaredbyitrevealedahideoussight.海浪狂嘯著滾來，如泰山壓

8、頂一般，又怒吼著滾遠(yuǎn)，巨浪過處，一片狼藉 Motor vehicles will increasingly pollute poor cities.在落后的城市，機(jī)動(dòng)車造成的污染日益增加11形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞They were suspicious and resentful of him他們不信任他，討厭他If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible to study nuclear physics. 如果我們不知道原子的結(jié)構(gòu)，就不能研究核物理。12The following plan may

9、become available during the next decade. 下列計(jì)劃在10年間可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。 Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America. 類似的批評(píng)在他后來寫的評(píng)論美國的文章中屢見不鮮。 Salt and Sugar are both soluble in water.鹽和糖都溶于水。 13Heat is a form of energy into which all other forms are convertible.熱是能的一種形式，其他一切形式的能都能轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能

10、When is the next earthquake due?下次地震將在什么時(shí)候發(fā)生？14Be destructive of 有害于Be devoid of 缺少乏Be pregnant with 包含Be subject to 易于，受支配Be responsible for 擔(dān)負(fù)，負(fù)責(zé)Perpendicular 垂直于Relative to和有關(guān)15介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞Publicopinionwasagainsttheproposal.輿論都反對(duì)這個(gè)提議。 Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and th

11、en entered a huge building.他們沿著大街走去，經(jīng)過許多商店，穿過一個(gè)大廣場(chǎng)，然后進(jìn)入了一座大廈16Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.黨的干部吃簡陋的飲食，住寒冷的窯洞， 靠微弱的燈光，長時(shí)間工作With these words, she went away.He has someone behind him.有人在給他撐腰17Heat sets these particles in random motion熱量使這些粒子作隨機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)。The let

12、ter E is commonly used for electromotive force通常用E這個(gè)字母表示電動(dòng)勢(shì)。 18轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞Formality has always characterized their relationship他們之間的關(guān)系，有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，就是以禮相待。As the war progressed, he would symbolize their frustrations, the embodiment of all evils隨著戰(zhàn)爭的進(jìn)行，他成了他們受挫的象征，成了一切壞事的化身19Most U.S. spy satellites are designed t

13、o burn up in the earths atmosphere after completing their missions.美國大多數(shù)間諜衛(wèi)星，按其設(shè)計(jì)，是在完成使命后在大氣層中焚毀。The navy is now positioned to safeguard both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.海軍現(xiàn)在擺下陣勢(shì)，防衛(wèi)太平洋和大西洋20He was always smartly dressed.他穿著一直很考究。He looked and talked like an American.他外表和談吐都象個(gè)美國人。21He objected th

14、at the plan is impractical他反對(duì)的理由是這個(gè)計(jì)劃不實(shí)際The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity設(shè)計(jì)的目的在于自動(dòng)操作，調(diào)節(jié)方便，維護(hù)簡易，生產(chǎn)率高22形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞Stevenson was eloquent and elegant-but soft.史蒂文森有口才，有風(fēng)度，但很軟弱The Wilde family were religious.王爾德一家人都是虔誠的教徒Robin Hood and his mer

15、ry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.羅賓漢和他的伙伴們痛恨闊人，熱愛并保護(hù)窮人23形容詞，副詞轉(zhuǎn)換We took brief, restless naps, struggled to understand the intermittent broadcasting of Radio Prague.我們短短地不安地睡了幾次， 竭力想聽懂布拉格電臺(tái)斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的廣播This is sheer nonsense這完全是胡說Buckley was in a clear minority.巴克利顯然屬于少數(shù)24副詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換The p

16、resident had prepared meticulously for his journey.總統(tǒng)為這次出訪作了周密的準(zhǔn)備The movie impressed him deeply這部電影給了他深刻的印象I suppose boys think differently from girls男孩子的思維方式和女孩子是不一樣的25副詞，名詞轉(zhuǎn)換They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally.但是，他們的思想工作沒有他們的組織工作做得好He is physically weak but menta

17、lly sound他身體雖弱，但思想健康The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor新市長有禮貌地前來訪問城市貧民，獲得了他們的一些好感。26When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor只要一發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能反對(duì)他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和風(fēng)趣將這人爭取過來I had the fortune to mee

18、t him我很幸運(yùn)地遇到他。27換形譯法His brother is thirty years old now.她哥哥今年已到而立之年He has spent about three quarters of a year on his research他花了九個(gè)月時(shí)間作研究Four scores and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation87年前，我們的祖先在這塊大陸上創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)新的國家28漢英翻譯中的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換國有企業(yè)改革是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù),必須解放思想,勇于探索,大膽實(shí)踐,采取有力措施

19、Reform of the state enterprise is a very difficult and complex task which demands the emancipation of minds and bold exploration in both theory and practice, strong measures.29中國政府承諾不對(duì)無核國家使用核武器。The Chinese government undertakes not to use (that it will not use) nuclear weapons against non-nuclear co

20、untries. The Chinese government undertakes non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries. 30禁止任何叛國、分裂國家、煽動(dòng)叛亂及竊取國家機(jī)密的行為。 譯文一：To prohibit any act of treason, acts to split the country, incite rebellion and steal secrets.譯文二：To prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition and theft of state secrets31在當(dāng)今的中國，建設(shè)法治國家已成為一種濃重的社會(huì)訴求。立法速度不斷加快，法治制度不斷健全，司法改革不斷推進(jìn)， 法學(xué)教育不斷發(fā)展，這無疑標(biāo)志著中國正在向法治社會(huì)大步邁進(jìn)In contemporary China, the establishment of a law governed national state has already become an urgent appeal. The acceleratio