最全非謂語動詞專題講解

1、非謂語:(不能單獨做謂語,但同時仍保留動詞某些特征得動詞形式。非謂語動詞除了不能獨立作謂語外,可以承擔(dān)句子得任何成分。 )一、 不定式與動名詞做主語1. 動名詞做主語往往表示普通得、一般習(xí)慣得行為，不定式做主語常表示某次具體得行為。 例句:Reading English i s reall y a g reat fun、 To read english this mo r ning wil l take mos t of my time、2、形式主語it 得運用:1)、不定式做主語,謂語用單數(shù)。往往用it 做形式主語,把不定式放在謂語后面。例句:To fini sh the job took

2、u s two hours、I t took u s two hou r s to fini sh th e job、(注:在不定式做主語得被動語態(tài)句子中，必須用形式主語it、)例句:it was decided to go fo r a picnic tomorrow、2)、It is+adj、o f/f o r sb、to do sth、當(dāng)不定式得邏輯主語與前面得形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)時,用 of,否則用for、 例句:I ts very ni ce o f you t o help u s、 此時，不定時得邏輯主語就是 you ，adj、就是 ni c e ，二者構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),即可以說 yo

3、u a re nice、此時應(yīng)該用 ofIt s impossi ble fo r us to def ea t the bos s、 3)、用動名詞做主語得句型： It is/w a s no good(use， useless, fun)doing sth、 Its wo r th while doing例句：Its n o u s e cry over spil t milk、覆水難收(it 用法遠(yuǎn)不止這幾個后面會有補(bǔ)充)3、成分對稱:主語與表語都就是非謂語動詞時,應(yīng)保持形式上一致。例句:To see i s to beli e ve、Seeing i s believing、眼見為實4

4、、There be no +ving例句:Th e r e is no parki ng a round h e re、No smoking,please、練習(xí)題I t is hard_ _ _ _ _ _ his mind、(to change )It is fun_ _ _ wi t h a foreign man、 (talking)The re i s n o _ _ _ _what will h a ppen、(telling)I like _ _ _ _ _ this novel t his morning、(to read)二：做表語1、不定式做表語表具體個別得動作或有將來得含義

5、。例句:My wish i s to b ee a famou s writ e r、2、現(xiàn)在分詞做表語表示主語得性質(zhì)與特征，表主動(interesting, amusi ng, disappointing ， puzzling, exciting 等);進(jìn)行時表示正在進(jìn)行得動作。例句:i am teaching the chi ld to swim wh e n yo u passed by、Th e story is amusing、 (令人、得)3、 過去分詞作表語表示主語所處得被動狀態(tài)或完成某動作得狀態(tài)。例句:The shop i s closed、表狀態(tài)The do or was c

6、 losed by the wind、表被動4、 注意如下動詞得現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞用法不同:其實這些都就是使役動詞。interest,surprise ，frighten, e xc i te， tire,please,puzzle， satisfy,amuse,disappoint ，i n s pire ，wor ry、Th e book i s interesting、The news is surprising、The story is fritenting、He is fri t ented、After hearing the exciting news, h e gave a sp

7、 e e c h in a n excited voi c e、 練習(xí)題T h e problem is _ _ _(puzzling)The vil l a ge i s_ _by mountains、 (surrounded)She is _ _ _ _ _ at th e news、(surprised)三:做賓語1 只能用動名詞做賓語得動詞 例句：W e could do nothing but/other than wait、He had no c hoic e bu t t o wait、另接不定式省略 to 得有:ca n t choose but, ca n t hel p b

8、ut(只好), ca n t but,had better, would rather、 Eg ：H e c a nnot cho o se but stay on、Y o u h a d b e t t er e here on time、I woul d ra th e r s t ay than o the rwise、6)、當(dāng)不定式做動詞 tell,show,und er st and, t e a ch,dis cu ss,wo nder ，find out,等詞賓語時,前常帶引導(dǎo)詞 how,what,whether, why,who 等+to do，但 why+不帶 to 得不定式

9、。例句:I dont know what to do、Can you t ell me why do it?練習(xí)題:1、 I can hardly imagine P eter _ _ _ (sail) a c ro ss the Atlanti c、2、 I would appreci ate y our _ _ _ (call) back thi s after n oon、3、 The discovery of the new evidence led to the t hief _ (catch)、4、 She didn t remembe r _ _ _ _(meet) him be

10、fore、5、 We hav e al way s deeply regretted _ _ _ _(sell) th e h ouse、6、 Th e dictiona ry cant hel p _ _ _ _ _(learn) t h e l a ngu a ge、7、 Wh en d o yo u pl an t o leave? I mean _ _ _ (leave) tomorrow、8、 He woul d like _ _ _ (sing) this song now、9、 Do you feel lik e _ _ _(have) a cup o f t ea ?10、 T

11、he extr a money al lo w us _ (buy) a ca r、 11、 Th i s book is wo rth _ _ _(read)、12、 Th is book i s worthy of _ _ _ _ (read)、13、 All c a r s requi re _ _ _ _ (service) regularly、14、 I wonder how _ (solve) this problem、15、 What we can do but _ _ (si t) and _ _ _ _ _ (wait)、16、 I f you a re planning t

12、o spend y ou r money ha ving fun this week , better _ _ _ (forget) i t- - y o u h a v e got som e big bill s ing、四:做賓補(bǔ)1、感官動詞s ee ， watch , ob serve, look at ， h ea r, l isten to ，notice 等與使役動詞 have后情況: 1)、主動時，do 原型表完成;現(xiàn)在分詞 doing 表正在進(jìn)行。例句:I hea rd her sing an English song just now、I heard her singing

13、 an English song when I passed by he r room、2)被動時， ved 過去分詞表完成或沒有一定得時間性;being done 表正在進(jìn)行。例句：I hea r d an English song being sung by a littl e girl whe n I passed by he r room、I want t o have my hai r cut、2:使役動詞 let 后,主動時,用動原 do;被動時用 be+過去分詞。例句：Dont let your child play with matches、Le t t her e be no

14、 mistak e about i t、Let th e work b e do n e immed i a t ely、3、l e ave 后接非謂語動詞做賓補(bǔ)時,意為“使、處于某種狀態(tài)”。 Leave sb、 doing sth、(主動,正在進(jìn)行)Sth、 Undone (被動或完成)sb、 to do sth、/sth、 to b e done(不定式表示將來得動作)I t is wr ong o f yo u to l e ave the machine runni ng、The g u est s left most o f th e dishes untouched、He left

15、, leaving me to d o all t he re st work、W e hu rried end o u r m e eting, leaving many problems to be settled、4、 have, get 后接賓補(bǔ)得三種形式:1)、 H ave sb、 d o s t h、get sb to do sth、 使/讓/叫某人做某事例句:Mother h a d me go to the shop and buy some sal t、2)，have sth、 done = get s th、 done 讓某事由別人去做(叫/讓某人做某事)例句:I will

16、 have/get my bik e repai r ed tomo r row、此外have sth、 done 有“使遭受、”之意。例句：Tom had hi s leg b roke n wh i le playing football、3)、have sb、/s th、 doing 讓某人持續(xù)得做某事 (主動,正在進(jìn)行)Get sb、sth doi ng 使某人/物開始行動起來例句:The captai n got the soldiers movi ng to w a rd th e front af te r a short rest、注:have sb、 doing 置于否定句中

17、,have有“容忍”之意。例句:I wont h ave you speaking to yo u dad lik e that、5、”吾瞧三室兩廳一感覺”-5 瞧(look at, see, watch, notice, observe)；3 使( make ，l et ，hav e , );2 聽( l isten to, hear);1 感覺(feel)。在主動態(tài)中賓補(bǔ)用不帶to得不定式,但在被動態(tài)中要還原t o、例句:I hate to s ee you leave so soon、S omeone was heard to e up th e s t ai rs、除 le t , m

18、ake 外，以上動詞還可用現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)。此外 find , catch, keep, leave(4)同。 Eg:He was caught stealing、I am sorry to have kep t you waiti ng fo r such a long time、練習(xí)題:1. At that moment I s aw him _ _ _ _(cross) th e road、2. I was g lad to see the children well _ _ _(take) care of、3. A cook will be immediaely f i red i f

19、he i s found _ _ _ (smoke) in the ki ch e n、4. H e went away without saying anything, _ _ (leave) us _ _ _ _ (stand) outsid e、5. Mr、 Brown was much disappointed to se the washing machine she had _ _ _ (repair) w en t w rong again、6. I wonder if this is th e put e r you want t o h a v e it _ _(repair

20、)、7. Chil d rens being addicted to the Inte rnet gets thei r p a rent s _ _ _ _(worry)8. At that tim e , I found him _ _(cry) in the street。 五：做定語1、不定式做定語 1)、做定語得不定式如果就是不及物動詞,后要加相應(yīng)得介詞。E g: The Brown s h a ve a fo r t able ho use to li v e in、注:如不定式修飾得名詞就是 time, place或 way 時,其后介詞省去。Eg:H e had no mone

21、y and n o place to live (in)2、 不定式做定語得幾種情況。 1)、不定式表將來Eg:Th e ca r to be bought is for his sis t er、2)、用來修飾被序數(shù)詞,最高級,或 no, all , any 等限定得中心詞。E g ：He was t he b e s t m an to do th e job、 3)、用來修飾得詞就是抽象名詞時,常有:ability , ch an ce , idea, f act, excuse, r easo n , time等等Eg ：Do you have the ability to read

22、a nd write i n Engl is h?I have no chance to go swimming、3、不定式得一般被動式(to b e done),表被動、將來;過去分詞(done) ,表被動、完成或狀態(tài);與現(xiàn)在分詞得一般被動式(being doing),表被動、正在進(jìn)行。1)、The q uestion to be di s cussed at to mor r ows meeting is a v er y i mpor t ant one、2)、Li s ten! Th e song being s ung is very popul ar wi t h th e s t

23、udents、3)、Have you read th e novel wri t t e n by Dicken s ?3、分詞做定語：Ving 表正在進(jìn)行,過去分詞表已經(jīng)完成。boiling water 正在沸騰得水 fallingl e av es 正在下落得葉子boi led wat e r 燒開過得水 fallen leav e s 已經(jīng)落下得葉子練習(xí)題:1. D o yo u k no w th e boy _ _ _ (lie) und e r the big tree?2. The speech which h e mad e _ _ (concern) th e footbal

24、l match bo red a lot of fa ns to death3. If the building proj ec t _ _ _ _ (plete) by the end of this month i s delayed， the constructio n pany will be fined、4. To fetch water before breakfast seemed t o hi m a rul e never _ _ (break)、六:做狀語1、不定式做狀語Eg: Jim had t o s ho u t to make herself heard above

25、 the sound of th e mu s i c、 (表目得)To look a t hi m, yo u would like him、 (表條件)表結(jié)果時常用, t oo、to、 、, enough、to、， only to、等結(jié)構(gòu)。He hurried to t he s ta tion only to find tha t the t r a in had left、 (表另人失望得結(jié)果)某些形容詞,表喜，怒,哀,樂得做表語后接得不定式表原因。Eg : I am very glad to se e you、在表目得強(qiáng)調(diào)時,可用 in orde r to/ s o as to 動原

26、,后者不能置于句首。E g ：H e got up earl y i n ord e r t o catch the first bus、2、分詞做狀語原則:此時,分詞得邏輯主語必須與句子得主語保持一致 ,且分詞必須與句中主語含有邏輯上得主動或者就是被動關(guān)系。否則 不能使用分詞做狀語。Doing 表主動/正在進(jìn)行,having done 表先于謂語發(fā)生得主動；done表被動;being done 表與謂語同時發(fā)生得被動; having been done 表先于謂語發(fā)生得被動。E g: i ng in t o th e room, he found his f a t he r angry、

27、(時間狀語)S e en from th e top o f the hill, th e town is beautiful、 (條件狀語)Being tired, they went on working、(讓步狀語)H aving b e e n hi t by the big boy on th e nos e ， th e little boy b ega n to cry、 (原因狀語)注:與 not 連用時,通常ing形式。Eg ：Not being invi ted ，h e ha s to stay at home、3、獨立成分做狀語(形式不受上下文得影響得分詞或不定式)含義

28、：常見得有:generally speaking 一般來說,f r ankly speaking 坦白得說; judgi ng from/by 根據(jù)、來判 斷; consi deri ng、/taking、in t o consid e r atio n 考慮到、; to tell th e truth 說實話； seeing、 考慮到;suppos i ng 即使,如果；providing 如果; s aving 除了,除非;assumi ng 假使;admitting 雖說;g i ve n 如果;provide t ha t 如果;pare to/with 與、相比;Judging fr

29、om hi s accen t , h e is f rom the south、Generally speaki ng， t he mor e expen s iv e th camera, the bette r it s qualit y、練習(xí)題：1、 _ _ _(consider) your health ， you had b ette r h a ve a rest、2、_ _ _(judge) from previous experi ence, h e will be late again、3、_ _ _ _(judge) by t he loc al official , thi s g roup ranked first、4、_ _ _(