高中英語外研社選修六模塊五課文原文譯文

1、高中英語外研社選修六 Module 5 課文+譯文Frankensteins Monster Part 1 the story of Frankenstein Frankenstein is the name of a young scientist from Geneva, in Switzerland. While studying at university, he discovers the secret of how to create life. Using bones from dead bodies, he creates a creature that resembles a

2、 human being and gives it life. The creature, which is very large and strong, and is also extremely ugly, terrifies anyone who sees it. However, the monster, who has learnt to speak, is intelligent and has human emotions. He becomes lonely and unhappy when he cannot find any friends and soon he begi

3、ns to hate his creator Frankenstein. When Frankenstein refuses to create a wife for him, the monster murders Frankensteins brother, his best friend Clerval, and finally, Frankensteins new wife Elizabeth. The scientist chases the creature to the Arctic in order to destroy him, but he dies there. At t

4、he end of the story, the monster disappears into the ice and snow to end his own life. Part 2 Extract from Frankenstein It was on a cold November night that I saw my creation for the first time. Feeling very anxious, I prepared the equipment that would give life to the thing that lay at my feet. It

5、was already one in the morning and the rain fell against the window. My candle was almost burnt out when, by its tiny light, I saw the yellow eye of the creature open. It breathed hard, and moved its arms and legs. How can I describe my emotions when I saw this happen? How can I describe the monster

6、 who I had worked so hard to create? I had tried to make him beautiful. Beautiful! He was the ugliest thing I had ever seen! You could see the veins beneath his yellow skin. His hair was black and his teeth were white. But these things contrasted horribly with his yellow eyes, his wrinkled yellow sk

7、in and black lips. I had worked for nearly two years with one aim only, to give life to a lifeless body. For this I had not slept, I had destroyed my health. I had wanted it more than anything in the world. But now I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and horror and disgust filled my he

8、art. Now my only thoughts were, “I wish I had not created this creature, I wish I was on the other side of the world, I wish I could disappear!” When he turned to look at me, I felt unable to stay in the same room as him. I rushed out, and for a long time I walked up and down my bedroom. At last I t

9、hrew myself on the bed in my clothes, trying to find a few moments of sleep. But although I slept, I had terrible dreams. I dreamt I saw my fiance walking in the streets of our town. She looked well and happy but as I kissed her lips, they became pale, as if she were dead. Her face changed and I tho

10、ught I held the body of my dead mother in my arms. I woke, shaking with fear. At that same moment, I saw the creature that I had created. He was standing by my bed and watching me. His mouth opened and he made a sound, then seemed to smile. I think he wanted to speak, but I did not hear. He put out

11、a hand, as if he wanted to keep me there, but I ran out of the room. I hid in the garden and stayed there till morning, terrified by what I had done. Again and again I thought, “I wish I had not done this terrible thing, I wish I was dead!” You cannot imagine the horror of that face! I had seen him

12、when he was unfinished he was ugly then. But when he stood up and moved, he became a creature from my worst nightmares.弗蘭肯斯坦的怪物第一部分弗蘭肯斯坦的故事弗蘭肯斯坦是瑞士日內(nèi)瓦一位年輕科學(xué)家的名字。還在上大學(xué)時(shí)，他就發(fā)現(xiàn)了怎樣創(chuàng)造生命的秘密。利用死人的骨頭，他制造出一個(gè)像人的怪物，并賦予了它生命。那個(gè)怪物異乎尋常地高大、強(qiáng)壯，并且極其丑陋，所有的人見了它都感到害怕。但是，怪物卻有著人類的智力和情感(emotion)，并學(xué)會(huì)了說話。由于找不到任何朋友，他感到非常孤獨(dú)和難過，

13、并開始憎恨創(chuàng)造他的那個(gè)人弗蘭肯斯坦。當(dāng)弗蘭肯斯坦拒絕(refuse)為他造一個(gè)妻子后，怪物殺害(murder)了弗蘭肯斯坦的兄弟和他最好的朋友克萊瓦爾，最后，還殺死了弗蘭肯斯坦的新婚妻子伊麗莎白。為了除掉怪物，弗蘭肯斯坦追趕(chase)他到北極，但弗蘭肯斯坦本人卻死在了那兒。在故事的結(jié)尾部分，怪物在冰天雪地中結(jié)束了自己的生命。第二部分弗蘭肯斯坦節(jié)選我在11月的一個(gè)寒冷的晚上首次看到我的創(chuàng)造物。它躺在我的腳邊，我緊張不安地準(zhǔn)備好了賦予它生命所需的設(shè)備。時(shí)間已是凌晨1點(diǎn)，雨點(diǎn)敲打著窗戶。蠟燭即將燃盡(burn out)，就在此時(shí)，借著微弱的燭光，我看見怪物睜開了黃色的眼睛。它喘著粗氣(breat

14、he呼吸)，挪動(dòng)著四肢。該怎樣描述我看見這一切發(fā)生時(shí)內(nèi)心的感受呢？該怎樣描述我費(fèi)盡心血?jiǎng)?chuàng)造出來的這個(gè)怪物的模樣呢?我曾盡力想把他創(chuàng)造得好看一些。好看？他是我看到過的最丑陋的東西！他黃色皮膚下的血管(vein)依稀可見。他頭發(fā)是黑色的，牙齒是白色的。但卻與他的黃眼睛、皺巴巴的黃色皮膚以及黑嘴唇形成了駭人的對比(contrast with)。我忙了近兩年，目標(biāo)只有一個(gè)，將生命注入一具尸體。為此，我放棄了睡眠，累壞了身體。它一度是這個(gè)世界上我最想要的東西?，F(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)完成了創(chuàng)作，但夢想中的美麗已蕩然無存，恐怖和厭惡充斥著我的心靈。現(xiàn)在，我唯一的想法是：“但愿我沒有制造出那個(gè)家伙，但愿我身處世界的另一邊

15、，但愿我可以消失無蹤！”當(dāng)他轉(zhuǎn)過身來看著我時(shí)，我受不了和他呆在同一個(gè)房間里。我沖(rush)了出去,接下來的很長時(shí)間就在自己的臥室來回踱步。最后我和衣倒在床上(throw oneself on),試圖睡一會(huì)兒。盡管我睡著了，但是噩夢連連。我夢見我的未婚妻走在城鎮(zhèn)的大街上。她看上去健康而快樂，但是，當(dāng)我親吻她時(shí)，她雙唇失色，猶如死人。她的臉變了，我感覺擁抱著的是我死去的母親。我渾身戰(zhàn)粟著嚇(fear害怕)醒了。就在那一刻，我看見了我創(chuàng)造出的怪物。他正站在我床邊，看著我。他張開嘴,發(fā)出一種聲音(make a sound)，然后像是笑了。我猜他想說什么，但我沒聽見。他伸出手來，好像是想攔住我，但我沖

16、出了房間。由于害怕，我藏身花園，一直呆到天亮。我一遍又一遍(again and again)地想：“但愿我沒有做這可怕的一切，但愿我死了！”你無法想象那張臉有多可怕！當(dāng)他還沒有生命的時(shí)候，我看著他，只覺得他丑陋。當(dāng)他站起來行走后，他就成了我最可怕的噩夢(nightmare)中的怪物。Cloning and DNAMany people think that the science of genetics and cloning is recent. Its certainly true that in 1953，Watson and Crick，two scientists at Cambri

17、dge University，England，discovered the structure of the acid DNAa transparent twisting ladder made of the fundamental components of life. But in fact，it was in 1866 that Mendel first recorded the results of growing pea plants. He understood that both the parent plants had influenced the genetic make-

18、up of the new plant.In 1973，biochemists Cohen and Boyer discovered a procedure to use enzymeschemicals formed in the bodyto unzip the DNA，to cut out a sequence of genes，and finally to insert them into the host cell and combine with its DNA.Cloning takes the DNA from a single cell to create a whole n

19、ew individual. A clone is an organism which is genetically identical to another one. But its now certain that no clone is an exact copy because of differences in experiences and upbringing.There are at least two teams of scientists which are trying to clone humans. Although controversial, there are

20、many valid reasons to do so. An Italian doctor wants to offer cloning as an optional treatment for couples who find it difficult to have children. But anyone who was a clone of one of their parents would be under unknown psychological pressure throughout their childhood.Another reason is to reproduc

21、e the talents of exceptional human beings. But an Einstein clone might choose a path in life which is contradictory to the one the original Einstein chose. He may even possess new vices instead of existing virtues!A further reason is to obtain a supply of stem cells. Stem cells in embryos are very f

22、lexible and can develop into every other type of cell in the body. For example，it could help someone recover from adisease，repair human tissue，or help them walk again after an accident. These stem cells would need to come from an embryo taken from the clone of someone. But the embryo would then be w

23、asted，which many people find unacceptable. What is clear is that some voluntary code of practice among scientists has to be agreed. If not，compulsory government regulations will have to control cloning.A fourth reason for cloning is that some scientists and farmers think it would be handy to clone，f

24、or example，a prize cow which can resist bacteria or disease，or to sow a cloned crop which can resist rot or pests. But to rely on a few cloned animals or crops would restrict the biodiversity of the breed.Finally，the latest research into DNA has helped solve crimes by analysing the suspects saliva w

25、hich they spit at a crime scene or the dirt under their fingernails.克隆和DNA許多人認(rèn)為遺傳學(xué)(genetics)和克隆技術(shù)是最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的。確實(shí)，1953年，英國劍橋大學(xué)的兩位科學(xué)家沃森和克里克發(fā)現(xiàn)了酸性(acid)DNA的結(jié)構(gòu)由生命的基本(fundamental)成分(component)構(gòu)成的透明(transparent)而彎曲的(twisting)梯狀。但事實(shí)上，孟德爾在1866年第一個(gè)記錄了種植豌豆(pea)的結(jié)果。他了解到植物的雙親都會(huì)影響新植物的基因構(gòu)成。1973年，生物化學(xué)家科恩和博耶發(fā)現(xiàn)了如下程序(proced

26、ure)：利用人體內(nèi)形成的化學(xué)物質(zhì)酶解開(unzip)螺旋DNA，截取一定順序的(a sequence of一系列的)基因片斷，最后把它們植入(insert)宿主細(xì)胞，并使之與其DNA結(jié)合。克隆技術(shù)是從一個(gè)單細(xì)胞中提取DNA來創(chuàng)造一個(gè)全新的個(gè)體。一個(gè)克隆物是基因與另一個(gè)生物個(gè)體完全相同的(be identical to)生物體。但是現(xiàn)在確定的是由于在成長經(jīng)歷和撫育(upbringing)方面的差異，任何克隆體都不是一個(gè)完全的復(fù)制品。至少有兩組科學(xué)家正在試圖克隆人類。雖然這樣做是有爭議的(controversial)，但還是有許多正當(dāng)?shù)?valid)理由。一位意大利醫(yī)生想用克隆技術(shù)為那些很難生育

27、孩子的夫婦提供一種可選擇的(optional)方法。但是來自父母中的任何一個(gè)的克隆人都會(huì)在他們的整個(gè)童年生活中處于一種未知的心理壓力中。另一個(gè)理由是要再造(reproduce)復(fù)制杰出的(exceptional)天才人物。但克隆出來的愛因斯坦也許會(huì)選擇一條與“原版”愛因斯坦截然相反的(contradictory)生活道路。他甚至可能會(huì)有新的缺點(diǎn)(vice)而不是已有的優(yōu)點(diǎn)(virtue)!更深層的理由是獲得大量的干細(xì)胞。胚胎中的干細(xì)胞是很容易適應(yīng)的(flexible)并且能發(fā)育成身體中的其他種類的細(xì)胞。例如，它能幫助人們從疾病中恢復(fù)健康，修復(fù)人體組織(tissue)，或幫助人們在事故后重新站起

28、來。這些干細(xì)胞要從被克隆物的胚胎中提取。但是胚胎接著也會(huì)被浪費(fèi)掉，許多人都覺得難以接受。很明顯，科學(xué)家們的一些非官方的行醫(yī)法規(guī)(code)必須被獲準(zhǔn)。否則，強(qiáng)制性的(compulsory)政府條例(regulation)必須控制克隆行為。進(jìn)行克隆的第四個(gè)原因是，有些科學(xué)家和農(nóng)民認(rèn)為克隆很方便(handy)實(shí)惠，例如：克隆能抵御(resist)細(xì)菌(bacteria)或疾病的優(yōu)選奶牛，種植(sow)能夠抵抗枯病(rot)或蟲害(pest)的克隆作物。但是僅僅依靠(rely on)少數(shù)幾種克隆動(dòng)植物會(huì)限制生物種類(breed)的多樣性(biodiversity)。最后，在DNA的最新研究中，通過分

29、析(analyse)嫌疑犯(suspect)在犯罪現(xiàn)場吐(spit)的唾液(saliva)或手指甲(fingernail)下的污垢已幫助解決了許多犯罪行為。Jurassic ParkScientific Fact orHollywood Fiction?Steven Spielbergs successful sci-fi adventure film follows two dinosaur experts Dr Alan and Dr Ellie Sattleras they are invited by the eccentric millionaire John Hammond to

30、visit his new amusement park on an island off Costa Rica before it opens to the public. By cloning DNA taken from prehistoric mosquitoes，Hammond has created living dinosaurs for his new Jurassic Park. Accompanied by Hammonds two grandchildren，they are sent on atour through Jurassic Park in computer-

31、controlled cars. But a tropical storm hits the island，knocking out the power supply，and an employee destroys the security system so that he can steal dinosaur embryos and sell them. The dinosaurs start to get out of control.So，since it is possible to clone sheep，is it possible to clone dinosaurs？Or

32、is this just Hollywood？First，any DNA that has been taken from a preserved mosquito is only 40 million years old. Dinosaurs are at least 60 million years old，so even if any DNA was found，the mosquitoes need to be much older，and as far as we know，mosquitoes that old do not exist.Second，although it is

33、possible to find preserved mosquitoes，only one male has been recovered. In fact，only females can absorb the DNA of another creature. Also，there is no way of knowing if the DNA was from a dinosaur or not. Since there has been no previous discovery of dinosaurs，there is nothing to compare the new samp

34、le with.Thirdly，dinosaur DNA would not be intact after the long period of time since their extinction. When life ends，DNA breaks down and does not repair itself.Many questions also arise in the cloning of dinosaurs. Some of these questions are：What will be needed to raise a baby dinosaur from childh

35、ood successfully？What kinds of conditions do dinosaurs need to survive？What are the diets of dinosaurs？What kinds of care would dinosaurs need in their adult lives？What would be done to protect humans from dinosaurs and vice versa？What ethical and human rights issues are raised by cloning?So cloning

36、 dinosaurs seems scientifically impossible. The world is not ready for it and the materials that are needed are not yet available. Even if it was possible to bring dinosaurs back to life they probably could not survive in the present day environment. Temperature，air，disease，and plants are all differ

37、ent today than in the era of dinosaurs. Dinosaurs are used to a completely different world and would find great difficulty living here. The only place that dinosaurs seem to exist today is in Hollywood.侏羅紀(jì)公園科學(xué)事實(shí)還是好萊塢神話？史蒂文斯皮爾伯格的成功科幻(sci-fi)探險(xiǎn)電影故事是伴隨著這樣的情節(jié)而開始的兩位恐龍專家艾倫博士和埃利薩特勒博士應(yīng)古怪的(eccentric)百萬富翁約翰哈蒙

38、德的邀請，在他的位于哥斯達(dá)黎加外鳥嶼上的新的娛樂公園對公眾開放前去拜訪他。通過克隆從史前的蚊子身上提取的DNA，哈蒙德為他的新侏羅紀(jì)公園創(chuàng)造出了活恐龍。在哈蒙德的兩位孫子的陪伴(accompany)下，他們被送到電腦控制的轎車中進(jìn)行環(huán)繞侏羅紀(jì)公園的旅行。但是一場熱帶風(fēng)暴襲擊了島嶼，摧毀(knock out)了電力供應(yīng)，一個(gè)雇員破壞了安全系統(tǒng)，因此他能偷出恐龍胚胎并賣掉它們。恐龍開始擺脫控制(get out of control)這樣看來，既然克隆羊是可能的，那有可能克隆恐龍嗎？或者說這只是好萊塢的神話嗎？首先，任何從保存的蚊子身上提取的DNA都是四千萬年前的?？铸堉辽儆辛f年的歷史，因此即使

39、任何DNA被發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些蚊子也需要年代更久遠(yuǎn)些，不過據(jù)我們所知(as far as we know)，那么久遠(yuǎn)的蚊子是不存在的。其次，雖然找到保存的蚊子是可能的，但只有一只公蚊子已被發(fā)現(xiàn)。事實(shí)上，只有母蚊子才能吸取(absorb)另一種生物的DNA。而且，沒有方法得知這DNA是否是從恐龍身上獲得的。既然以前還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)過恐龍，就無法與新的樣本(sample)進(jìn)行比較。再次，恐龍DNA自從它們滅絕以來的很長一段時(shí)間都不是完整的(intact)。當(dāng)生命結(jié)束后，DNA分解(break down)并且不能自我修復(fù)。恐龍的克隆過程會(huì)產(chǎn)生(arise)許多問題。一些問題是：需要做什么來成功地?fù)狃B(yǎng)僅有幾個(gè)月的幼

40、恐龍？恐龍需要在什么樣的環(huán)境下生存下去？恐龍的飲食是什么樣的？恐龍?jiān)谒鼈兂赡旰蟮纳钪行枰裁礃拥恼疹?？需要做什么來保護(hù)人類免遭恐龍的傷害，反之亦然(vice versa)？克隆會(huì)提出什么樣的道德或人權(quán)問題？ 因此，克隆恐龍?jiān)诳茖W(xué)上似乎是不可能的。世界沒有為它準(zhǔn)備好而且需要的物質(zhì)原料也是不能獲得的。即使真有可能讓恐龍復(fù)活(bring.back to life)，它們在目前的環(huán)境中也不一定能存活下去。今日的溫度、空氣、疾病和植物都完全不同于恐龍時(shí)代。恐龍已習(xí)慣于生存在一個(gè)完全不同的世界里，它們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在現(xiàn)今這樣的環(huán)境中生存下去。如今恐龍似乎能生存的唯一地方是在好萊塢。Brave New wor

41、ldOne of the most famous 20th century novels in the western world is a book called Brave New World. Written in 1931 by an Englishman called Aldous Huxley，it became a subject of much discussion as soon as it first appeared. The reason why Brave New World is still so famous is that it describes a terr

42、ifying future world that is becoming more and more possible.Brave New World takes place 600 years in the future. At this time there is a world government. Its aim is for people to be happy，so that there are no more wars or violence. This government uses several very powerful methods to control peopl

43、e. The first is that people are no longer born from human beings. Instead，they are cloned in factories. There are five different types of clones. The best type of clone，called Alphas，become the leaders of society. The second group，the Betas，also have good positions in society. There is only one of e

44、ach Alpha person oreach Beta person. However，with the three lower groups，one egg is used to create up to 96 clones. Each of these clones is of course identical. The only reason why scientists have not created thousands of identical clones is that they have not yet learnt how to do this. These lower

45、groups do the harder，more boring jobs that are needed in society. For example，the lowest group，the Epsilons，are always factory workers. As small children，each cloned group is taught to like and dislike certain things and people. For example，the second group，the Betas，are taught to dislike the lower groups because “ they are stupid”While the Betas sleep，they are told that they are“ glad they are not Alphas，because Alphas work too hard”In this way，the government makes sure that people are happy with their position in society and will not try to change things.The government al