2012統(tǒng)計學A答案

1、杭州師范大學生命與環(huán)境科學學院2011-2012學年第一學期期末考試環(huán)境統(tǒng)計學試卷（A）參考答案一、基礎統(tǒng)計分析1、用下表人類頭發(fā)顏色觀測頻次（0）的抽樣數(shù)據(jù)，要求：（1）填寫頭發(fā)顏色的理論頻次分布;（2）用卡方好適度檢測和對數(shù)似然比例（G-test）檢測人類黑色、棕色、金色和紅色頭發(fā)顏色是 否吻合2： 2： 2： 1的顏色分布。BlackBrownBlondRedNO50502020140E40404020140X2= 15.0 7.81 P 7.81 P 0.05 頭發(fā)顏色不符合 2： 2： 2： 1卡方檢驗：X2=寸I O -E I-0.52 /氣（注意只有在自由度=1的時候，要減去0.

2、5）i=1G檢驗：O（實際值），E（理論值）=縱和*橫和/總和2*O*LN（O/E）求和=G值2、下面是一組隨機抽樣調查女性月經(jīng)周期的數(shù)據(jù)，檢測女性平均月經(jīng)周期等于農歷月29.5天） 的假設是否成立。月經(jīng)周期數(shù)據(jù)：22, 28, 24, 29, 33, 25, 26, 23, 30, 28, 27, 29, 26, 29, 32 and 27 dayst = -2.80 df = 15 P = 0.0133 0.05 差異顯著Statistics-Basic statistics-（t-text dependent）-選樣本（左數(shù)據(jù)，右平均值）-ok-summary（單因子）T-test fo

3、r Dependent S：ajiLples （Spreadsheet 1）Marked differenc已m are miEnificaiit at 口 7.81; df = 3; P 0.05;人類發(fā)色頻次分布與性別有關。BlackBrownBlondRed1 U LdlMale70902020200Female1101301263440018022014654600.破73.3333333348.WW7通120146.666666797.33333333360E706021.58109518:舛73.3333333336.86299428So48.66666667-35.5704023

4、32018.4.21442062110120-196666667總1.363方蟀126湃.澎游游弗65.051379133436-金 8772141箜.746854924、右表是某兩種鳥翼長的抽樣數(shù)據(jù)，試分別用t-檢驗、Mann-Whitney秩檢驗和單因子方差分析檢測兩種鳥的Species ASpecies B翼長是否存在差異31.642.2t = 4.716, df = 16, P = 0.000233 差異顯著33.444.034.242.2U = 4 P = 0.00138差異顯著35.944.06A B37.242.2T 檢驗： Statistics-Bas

5、ic statistics-（t-text independent 豎40.044.0的箭頭）-選樣本-ok-summary40.242.2X-43.444.0MeanMean +-value dfpVarj.able1247.5Vari36. 98750144. 16000 -4. 71649 16 0.00023349.3U 檢驗：Statistics-Nonparametrics-comparing two independent samples-選樣本（左數(shù)據(jù)，右組別） -M-W U text（2 個因子）Rank Sum Eank Sujtl Group 1 I Group 2UZp

6、-level40. 000005 131. 00004.0000000. 001J815、請?zhí)顚懸韵挛赐瓿傻谋砀癫⒂肕ann-Whitney檢驗由兩個助教指導的學生是否具有相同的學業(yè) 表現(xiàn)U = 73; P = 0.101;差異不顯著1414181181121115. 5115. 511&. 5118. 5118. 5118; 5121. 5121. 5142424102您1221425252況2以22522922S229|2Teaching assistant ATeaching assistant BGradeRank of gradeGradeRank of gradeA+1A4A4A4

7、A4A4A-8B +10A8B12A-8B12B12B-14C+15.5D25C+15.5D25C18.5D25C18.5D25C18.5D25C18.5D-29C-21.5D-29C-21.5D-29U 檢驗：Statistics-Nonparametrics-comparing two independent samples-選樣本（左數(shù)據(jù)，右組別）-M-W U text（2 個因子）variableRank SwaGroup 1Rank Sujtl Group 2UEp-levelVari193. 00001i 272.000073.0C000-1.63838G, 1013436.抽測某

8、漁場16次放養(yǎng)記錄，結果如表（x1:投餌量，x2:放養(yǎng)量y：魚產(chǎn)量。單位: kg）。試求：x19.58.013.59.512.59.412.58.06.512.9x21.92.03.21.9y7.16.410.410.97.010.07.99.312.87.57.77.09.5魚產(chǎn)量對投餌量、放養(yǎng)量的線性回歸方程。y = 0.584x1+2.964x2-4.349復相關系數(shù)和x1、x2的偏相關系數(shù)。0.823x1: 0.655x2： 0.819線性回歸方程:Stat

9、istics-Multiple Regression-選樣本(左 y 右 x)-ok-summaryRegression Sumnary for Dependent Variable: y (Spreadsheet 1. sti) R= .82285858 R2- .67709625 Adjusted R2= .62741875 FW3) = 13. ESCI p.W 口口口64 Std. Errnr nf 契1. 1312N=16BetaSt d. Err.of BetaBSt d. Err.of Bt (13)：p-levelInterceptxlx20.8193480. 171478-4

10、.34S530.58415F 96376.2.-55S10. 153C0. 6202136-1-.53 84?79985 1泗 78160.1129450. 0003611結果：線性回歸方程。y = 0.584x1+2.964x2-4.349復相關系數(shù)和x1、x2的偏相關系數(shù)：0.823x1: 0.655 x2： 0.819二、綜合統(tǒng)計分析附錄是孵化溫度對某種卵生變溫動物卵孵化和孵出幼體特征的影響的數(shù)據(jù)。要求將該 組數(shù)據(jù)粘貼到統(tǒng)計軟件包，以便于做以下統(tǒng)計分析1、試用G-檢驗檢測28 C孵出的幼體性比是否偏離1： 1G = 0.291 0.05;未偏離 1: 1 性比2、試用以孵化熱環(huán)境和性別為

11、因子的雙因子方差分析分別顯示不同孵化熱環(huán)境溫度、不同性別，以及孵化熱環(huán)境與性別的交互作用對孵化時間（DINC）的影響temp: F3 116= 23.7; P 0.001sex: F1 116= 0.1; P = 0.728temp*sex: F3 116= 5.0; P = 0.00261Statistics-ANOVA-Factorial AMOVA-選樣本（左 DINC 右 SEX,TEMP）-OK- All effectsEffectSSDegr. ofFreedomMSFPIntercept409336. 211409336. 2123149. 10.000000IBM236. 23

12、78. 723. 70.000000SEX0.410.40. 10. 72f833TEM*SEX50. 1316. 75. 00.002607Error85. 6116is. 33、填充下表，隨后用恰當?shù)慕y(tǒng)計方法比較四個溫度處理下的入孵卵重的平均值是否 存在差異TemperatureValid NMeanMedianRangeStandard deviationStandarderror24 C3117.817.612.63.280.5926 C3118.310.4928 C3118.317.510.52.880.5230 C32.450.44F3

13、120= 177； P = 0.912Statistics-Basic Statistics-Descriptive Statistics選樣本(lEM)-select cases (Tem=24)-OK-SummaryVariableValid NMe anMe di ：ai_iR：di_LgeSt d. Dev.St ：diidar d ErrorIEM3117. 8：357517.5530012;586000.589907Statistics-ANOVA-one way-選樣本(左 IEM 右 TEM)-ok-All effectsEffectssDegr. ofFreedomMSFPI

14、nt ercept40816. 311140816. 315028. 7100. 000000TEM4. 3131.440. 1770. 911695Error974.00迦4、請以初生卵重為協(xié)變量、孵化熱環(huán)境為因子的單因子協(xié)方差分析填充以下表格， 并檢驗孵化溫度是否顯著影響表中兩個幼體變量variable平行性（斜率）檢驗的F值和顯著 性水平（F value and significance levels for slopes）截距檢驗的F值和顯著性 水平(F value and significance levels for intercepts)SVLF3116= 2.056; P =

15、0.110F3, 119= 1.341; P = 0.264HWMF3,116=頃 P = O.153F3 119= 0.757; P = 0.520Effect- - - - - - - - - - - -SSDegr. of FreeduiiLMSFpIntercept1320. 342111320. 3421384.5330.ooooocTEM6. 206-.32.0692.-1690.09539S丘M105. 237110&. 237110. 3550.OOOOOCTEM*IEFu15. 88231. 9612.-0560. 109895Error110. 6221160. 9545、

16、請以幼體體長SVL為協(xié)變量、孵化熱環(huán)境為因子的單因子協(xié)方差分析填充以下表 格，并檢驗孵化溫度是否顯著影響表中兩個幼體變量，并檢驗矯正后的頭長HL和頭 寬HW在四個溫度下的差異（用Tukeys post腐重比較）variable平行性（斜率）檢驗的F值和顯著 性水平（F value and significance levels for slopes）截距檢驗的F值和顯著性 水平(F value and significance levels for intercepts)HLF3116= 0.943; P = 0.423F3,119= 1.432; P = 0.237HWF3116= 1.02

17、4; P = 0.385F3119= 149.84; P b c)平仃性：Statistics-Advanced linear-General Linear-Homogeneity of slops-ok選樣本(左：HL 中：單因子 Tem 右：協(xié)變量 SVL)-OK-All effectsEffectUnivariate Tests of Signific：ai_ice for HL (Spreadsheets) Sigma-r巳stricted par：ajrLet erizationEffect ive hyp ot he sis dec cimposit i onssDegr. ofF

18、reedoiTLMSFPIntercept33. 812111. 133.81211216.06940.000000TEM0.5932430. 1J1080. 83760.475877SVL環(huán)境統(tǒng)計學試單而氏參考兔己案及評分標準（塑R市共11舌TEM* SUL0.44 240. 147480?9425七：迪白如Error18.152521160. 15649截距檢驗：Statistics-Advanced linear-General Linear-Analysis of covariance-選樣本(左：HL 中：單 因子 Tem 右：協(xié)變量 SVL)-OK-All effectsUniva

19、riate Tests of Significance for HL (Spreadsheet3 Sigma-restricted parameterizationEffective hypcitheEig deccimp矣ititmEffectSSDegr. of FreedomMSFPIntercept38. 2232311138. 22323244.61250. 000000SVL5. 749305. 7493036.79310. 000000TEM0.6713730:223791.432S0/236852Iirrcr18. 59498119|F 15626p黑色，無差異。共同斜率：St

20、atistics-Advanced linear-General Linear-Analysis of covariance-選樣本(左：HW 中: 單因子 Tem 右： 協(xié)變量 SVL)-OK-more result-summart-coeficientiffectParameter Estimates(平行線， Sigma-restricted paranteteri:Level of EffectColUJlLfLHW_ Param.Interceptii|4.658078SVL20.087217K=0.087217TEM：2430.211664TEM2640.387370r匚爵0(?R

21、nY=y-k(x-平均值)H共同斜率*k ：（協(xié)變量VL）v校正后的朝蕓0.08721729.457.51r6. 6S579.$3&0.08721729.957.696. Sl.90850 08721730.47.41E知9液將校正后的的HW復制到SATISTICA，Statistics-ANOVA-one way-選樣本(左 HW右 TEM)-ok-more result-Post hoc-Tukey HsdTuk豉:HSD test; variable cor hw (平行線，截距. Approximate Probabilities for Post Hoc Tests Errnr： E

22、imtween ,= .口&1口、df = 12CL WCell No.TEM7.31187.487537. 30994 fi.2914140. 0301170.9999920.0001362H0. 0301170. 0277640.000136a280. 99999歹0.0277640.00013640. 0001360. 0001360. 00013626 a(1)24 b28 b30 c6、請用主成分分析（特征值 0.5）檢測從四個溫度孵出的幼體是否存在形態(tài)表型變 異。各處理卵大小效應用入孵卵重與各有關變量的回歸剩余值去除。要求（1）填寫下表（2）顯示各區(qū)分出的向量中起主要作用的形態(tài)變量

23、variablefactor loadingFactor (PC) 1Factor (PC) 2Factor (PC) 3SVL0.822527-0.232534-0.242172HWM0.839207-0.163942-0.217526HL0.5780060.2890500.762791HW0.1750070.924389-0.338017variance explained (%)43.638425.474820.0518l.Statisticas-Multiple Regession-選變量(SVL/HWM/HL/HW,IEM-OK-continue-continue-OK-OK-sum

24、mary Residuals將四個變量的Residuals復制到excel，取最后四行，求的每列絕對值的最大值，復制，計算: 變量/絕對值的最大值，將計算好的復制到Statistics。2.Statistics -Multivariate Exploratory Techniques-Factor analysis -max寫 4， min 按題目特征值寫0.5-OK-summary： Factory loadingsFactor Loadings (Unrotated) Spreadsheet 1. st a) Estract ion; Principal componentsVariabl

25、eFactor1FactorFactor3Var90. 822152:1-0. 232535-Ol24172VarlO0. 8392070. 163944-0.217524NewVar10.5780070.2890530.762789NewVar0.1750080.924387-0. B8021Ezpl. Var1.7455381.0189940.802069Prp.To+10.4363840.2547490.200517Appendix: The effects of incubation temperature on incubation length and hatchlings of

26、a hypothetic ectothermTemperature 孵化溫度:Incubation temperatureSEX 孵出幼體性別：The sex of hatchlings; 1 = female and 2 = maleDINC 孵化時間：Days of incubationIEM 入孵卵重：Initial egg mass in gramSVL 幼體體長:Hatchling snout-vent lengthHWM 幼體濕重:Hatchling wet mass in gramHL 幼體頭長:Hatchling head lengthHW 幼體頭寬:Hatchling hea

27、d widthTemperature( C)SEXDINCIEMSVLHWMHLHW24156.521.669529.4517.2889516.0757.5124156.321.912529.9517.511216.017.692415522.210330.416.909415.687.4124157.715.08228.313.773714.97.732415415.806227.212.698914.617.0324156.817.7772916.023315.336.8624157.418.07929.116.027615.646.9624154.118.694528.4514.3768

28、15.587.2224157.318.9132615.891714.657.082415620.91130.315.517915.967.1624155.821.6425.68.985414.786.9524156.521.669529.4517.2889516.0757.5124156.321.912529.9517.511216.017.692415522.210330.416.909415.687.4124256.511.55724.810.96916.227.0624257.413.64225.710.524215.317.0924256.215.59726.712.73815.477

29、.09524256.511.55724.810.96916.227.0624257.413.64225.710.524215.317.0924256.215.59726.712.73815.477.09524258.815.61728.414.249216.077.462425715.766626.212.128414.887.352425716.20728.514.815215.287.3824254.716.36227.613.069115.3357.1824259.816.4912915.359715.787.5624256.916.63327.614.279415.877.524254

30、.116.692526.2512.9264515.077.1652425817.55328.614.990415.787.2424256.917.90728.715.265915.527.3824255.219.45728.0514.500116.317.3824255.924.14328.518.139216.698.1426158.514.89328.113.242115.477.4426157.315.32627.412.728815.837.6226158.315.978726.312.175614.777.0526158.915.9826.712.562414.96.9926164.

31、416.94828.214.332915.657.3726157.518.59828.414.220615.787.8526160.219.93629.7515.265416.1057.2726159.420.54829.115.230216.487.872616121.34228.717.330915.937.5526159.221.49130.2516.947315.597.6626159.420.54829.115.230216.487.872616121.34228.717.330915.937.5526159.221.49130.2516.947315.597.6626262.314

32、.712712.038416.377.2426262.714.88327.213.364615.77.0126254.815.433126.311.972414.897.3626262.314.712712.038416.377.2426262.714.88327.213.364615.77.0126254.815.433126.311.972414.897.3626258.415.99627.512.758215.757.6626260.516.2353326.512.8785715.606677.50333326259.316.28728.314.278915.447.2626261.31

33、9.370529.3516.561316.197.5426257.719.54828.715.317316.227.282626119.6629.516.957716.187.726260.219.950528.9515.7136516.437.59526258.619.99128.515.496116.27.7726260.220.276527.716.634715.887.5926259.520.44528.0516.946816.0857.94526260.221.58529.916.912816.478.226260.523.5511730.417.49916.257.73666728

34、159.715.81727.812.600515.537.4128163.315.92527.514.510115.217.3428154.816.920926.812.758515.166.828160.716.950528.814.9574515.3256.83528156.717.481526.2512.4310515.4557.2128158.417.889528.4513.3031515.9357.2728158.820.0229.615.637416.257.662816020.64129.215.522515.717.6428160.320.9429.116.584415.947

35、.428159.421.16929.316.065315.627.072815922.0731529.5517.3117515.827.2128160.320.9429.116.584415.947.428159.421.16929.316.065315.627.072815922.0731529.5517.3117515.827.212826112.5124.89.296814.876.928260.714.52925.3666710.995415.396677.2328256.316.152926.612.318215.387.112826112.5124.89.296814.876.928260.714.52925.3666710.995415.396677.2328256.316.152926.612.318215.387.1128258.116.28527.312.266315.617.4428263.216.70228.314.623315.687.328263.717.0692714.621816.387.1428261.0117.14127.814.613315.676.8828260.517.28327.514.328515.577.2928260.419.68927.415.51515.797.6628259.319.87728.714.90