采購與供應鏈管理04產(chǎn)品定位與質量管理ppt課件

1、Part 1:Introduction and strategyWhat is purchasingStrategic purchasingOrganization and structure of supplyPurchasing proceduresPart 2:Strategy, tactics and operations（1）：purchasing factorsStandard and management of qualityrelationshipBuying at the right priceSupply organization and supplier manageme

2、nt,supplier relationships(2)Part 3:Strategy, tactics and operations（2）：Contrasting approaches to purchasingContrasting approaches to supply（2） Buying from overseasPart 4:Strategy, tactics and operations（3）：logisticsStoring of supply goods, materials transportationPart 5:Strategy, tactics and operati

3、ons（4）：supply tools,supplier relationships and performancenegotiationSupply toolsPurchasing research, performance and ethics.Chapter 5 Specifying and Managing Product Quality . Definition 1： ISO 8402 defines quality as: the totality of features and characteristics of a product that has the ability t

4、o satisfy stated or implied need.(明言及暗示的需求) E.g. A phone (call, message, wifi chip ) Air ticket Spring Airlines 1. what is quality ?.Definition 2：Crosby defines quality as“conformity to requirements not goodness. The definition of quality can never make sense unless it is based on what the customers

5、 want. The Father of Zero Defect、 World Quality Professor, Author of . Philip B. Crosby(1926-2001) 1. what is quality ?.Definition 3 David Garvin has defined five approaches to defining quality and eight dimensions.The right dimensions： 1. Performance(性能)- the products operating characteristics； 2.

6、Reliability可靠性- the possibility of a product surviving for a specified period of time under stated condition of use.1. what is quality ?.The right dimensions：3. Serviceability維修性-the speed, accessibility and ease of repairing the item or having it repaired. 4. Conformance一致性-the degree that the deli

7、vered product matches the standard of it. 5. Durability耐久性- measure the projected use available from the product over its intended operating cycle before it deteriorates. .6. Features(特征性)-the secondary characteristics that supplement the products basic functioning。7. Aesthetics美學性- personal judgmen

8、ts about how a product looks, feels, sounds, tastes, or smells.8. Perceived quality概念性質量- closely identified with the reputation of the producer.The right dimensions：.Discussion Questions: Page 310 9.1：Take two similar products, such as two different makes of car intender for the same customer group

9、 or two washing machines or any two products you like. 1.On the basis of your comparison, recommend which of the two you consider gives the best value for money . 2.What other factors apart from the eight stated might you have to consider when making your recommendation?.Quality is therefore determi

10、ned by balancing technical considerations, such as fitness for use, performance, safety and reliability with economic factors, including price and availability.2. Optimum quality not the highestvs.The aim of Quality management should always be the minimum statement of optimum quality so as not to in

11、crease the cost unnecessarily, restrict processes of manufacture nor limit the use of possible alternatives2. Optimum quality not the highest.TQM: A way of managing a organization so that every job, every process, is carried out right, first time and every time.This means that each stage of manufact

12、ure or service is total that is, 100 percent correct before it proceeds.3. Total Quality Management (TQM).1. Focus on product improvement from the customers viewpoint.2. A Recognition that personnel at all levels share responsibility for product quality.3 Recognition of the importance of implementin

13、g a system to provide information to managers about quality process that enable them to plan, control, and evaluate performance.3.1 Three principles of TQM. Juran1904-2021 Crosby 1926-2001 Deming1900 19934. Quality masters and quality awards.4. Quality masters and quality awards.Crosby 1926-2001 the

14、 Father of Zero Defect, World Quality Professor, Author of Quality is Free.4. Quality masters and quality awards Deming 1900 - 1993 : “Deming quality award the highest award in QM in Japan. PDCA：Plan-Do-Check-Action.Juran 1904-2021Cost of poor quality, Juran trilogy,Malcolm Baldrige Award . Of his 2

15、0 books, the Quality Control Handbook is regarded as the Bible in QM field, and a reference around the world.4. Quality masters and quality awardsAmerican Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award美國馬爾科姆.博德里奇國家質量獎. Quality control include： Receiving inspection, (收貨檢驗) Classification，分類檢驗 Control inspec

16、tion 過程檢驗 Audit inspection.審計檢驗 Important aspects of inspection : 1. How much to inspect and how often. 2 . When to inspect：5.Methods of quality control.When materials is received from suppliers, although the tendency is responsibility for quality to be placed with the suppliers.Before dispatch, as

17、repairing or replacing products after delivery is more costly than at the factory and there is also damage to customers goodwill.5.Methods of quality control 5.1 When to inspect/test?.Before a costly operation.Before parts are joined irreversibly to other parts. 5. Before a covering process, as pain

18、ting or electroplating (噴漆或電鍍)can often mask defects. 5.1 When to inspect/test?5.Methods of quality control.DiscussionPage 311 9.11 Explain why the cost of detecting problems increases dramatically with the distance from the source of the problem?.The basis of statistical quality control is sampling

19、 which can save time money and provides a basis for control. The concept of the arithmetic mean and standard deviation 算術平均值和標注差.So long as the results are within the upper and lower limits, there is no need for action. However, if a value falls outside these limits must be investigated and rectifie

20、d. (like the figure 9.5, page288)5.2 Statistical quality control. Six sigma originated at Motorola and aims to achieve virtually defect-free process and products. The standard deviation of normal distribution: 1 Sigma-68% 2 Sigma-95% 3 Sigma-99% 6 sigma-99.99966%，5.3 Six Sigma. 5.3 Six Sigma Six sig

21、ma indicate a target of 3.4 defects per million opportunities(or 99.99966% accuracy). 5.3 Six Sigma. TOYOTA used the QFD and got a huge profit. a. the development cost cut down 61%.b. the development time cycle shorten 1/3.c. the quality also improves.5.4 Quality Function Deployment, QFD.Ford、HPGene

22、ral Motors CorporationClay, le co., LTD克萊思勒公司、McDonnell Douglas麥道公司、xerox corporation 施樂公司、 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp 電報公司Some company using QFD：.QFD has been used in the field of automobiles, household appliances, costumes, circuits, synthetic rubbers, Construction equipment, costumes, sh

23、ips, automatic purchase system, software development, medicine, and educationDevelopment cycle shorten 3060% 開發(fā)周期cost lower2040%Number of design change cut 4060% 5.4 Quality Function Deployment, QFD.技術開發(fā)產(chǎn)品設計工藝設計返修缺點質量提高本錢下降消費過程1:1001:11:10001:10質量5.4 Quality Function Deployment, QFD.The key to use Q

24、FD is defining customers need or requirement and translating them into specific plans to meet those needs.QFD fall model. seriously, QFD is only a idea, a method to develop management and quality guarantee. There is no fixed model and analysis model about allocate customers need to every step of pro

25、duct developing. It can be analysis and allocate in different models according to different aims. QFD fall model.工藝/質量方案工藝/質量控制參數(shù)產(chǎn)品方案零件配置工藝方案技術要求零件特性工藝步驟用戶需求轉換QFD fall model.典型的QFD瀑布式分解模型表示圖 關鍵工藝/質量控制參數(shù)產(chǎn)品規(guī)劃矩陣顧客需求產(chǎn)品技術需求零件規(guī)劃矩陣產(chǎn)品技術需求關鍵零件特性工藝/質量控制矩陣關鍵工藝步驟工藝規(guī)劃矩陣關鍵零件特性關鍵工序.House of Quality, HOQ, is carried out by American scholars J. R. Hauser and Don Clausing in 1988