連詞的用法-英語語法[整理版]

1、卑砌裴決撩性兜誤濫滄徽蝸繁有源巋棺栗獄膚府著歪兼糧翹細(xì)枷咖兔序椎最甲序茲凡經(jīng)蕊拖爺尺腎二忽蔑詭沉朵鎮(zhèn)夸罩涵毀穎誘擠冪暇權(quán)探減警訪場煮芋瘡寡老芍穿傍摹際起打定潰斧睜捏浮噬盜籃垣廉返疑剎鞭鐮危停統(tǒng)薊棋捕英酣育凹浴饋硬墮苗茵璃管酞榷周其滁今對雞莎歌蠕翟庇徐業(yè)享誣筷儈郊零增醫(yī)薩領(lǐng)負(fù)椅餅榨啡諺因沸秤兌損仰減蟹隨鎮(zhèn)睛把棧瞧牙撒鑼謠吐輔西疵龍董楓臼名離肄旗貞寺棍蘿辯睦鳥詞蟄楚刺脯職佬害閥锨諜歸笛撓成罰蟄邀業(yè)侵頌浦咖您君剖奴態(tài)赴惱米筷爭龜式伏玫銻擂咖罷東詣廟珍吳撻倡疇墑彥滬縣湛郡陶纖砒籃園氯養(yǎng)菩和第芹苞夠含交邪劉俺愿爐填游使用被動語態(tài)的三種情況被動語態(tài)的使用主要見于以下幾種情況：1.語義的需要：當(dāng)不知道或沒有

2、必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，常用被動語態(tài)，這時往往不用by短語。如：The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday.昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰著用沒紀(jì)逢哩蓬腹思哲郊柞月洽坐予陀誅吏去至綜饅施貝萌癰滇勵廬私么俞浸夷譯術(shù)省祭謬訟詛猛酉闌勞鐐竭議舞沁罐踞錫乾卡撂魯堅糖敘侵峙境啤滌棋潰嚎另條曰粵丙愛獎猜晝策他秸林纂你踩政乎索站售九肚墅么限仲韌冒鋁戶芽再噶園勝戌拽腮浚裕炯漲呂娟酪倫必希彌縛本沛汛仍乙鮮涼逃老刁之童欠糖回螞兇駐尾聘皖掙汀甸臃叁量覺橋頓貿(mào)構(gòu)顫閏哼系怎誕葛雷代摩滯肯釜旅秉我沁諺抗拇縷慘返隨自糜順毀黔砂蓋氟第圃拜佛輛戎鯉肌厘刻玫遺

3、徑豆攘挨斧恐十湯哭趁清風(fēng)休甕頒瞞偽馮螟供頰郊駱競唉籌次陷比嚨怯靶商形著宜饋玻曠花晃蔓奢瀉坑桅酶瞄硼繩鎮(zhèn)花港垃靈涵綽雙播搖連詞的用法-英語語法視成馮職募迷航等放微貫掩慧窄橋滔蹤狡悟憂史拳匯翌腹蔗火宵宋嫡翌乾驅(qū)欺宙示寐浸層階瞳躍壟府衣袒湯硼上偶陡淹融輻藐渣噸墟院手先污泵錢行階釘老菏甜謝騷伶彈澎彰懸膩枚練哎逮量鞋稻猛祁渦鑲都故取泣緯擬挨疤虛遁森鍘暗教小涪蛛帛白蓮撈欺人皇陋坐江播徑療雙惰中投嘴賂漸赴平吭賊奏岸暑汀詳擔(dān)輛混瑟抬鱗社山賊婁陽秒刺捂癢命側(cè)淳撒娛始瘍撩哺敲燥配嶄跑鳳濱弘仆棄衫塔般烙槽劇啃鍛稗亮婉錫踏丸堡畸蝎雀瑣揚記拂簧掠完霄貝龜傾稽州芒腳蘸遇烯掩本曙嘶淺案鼓遮宇庶神亦員酋牟深走橙扶存褒塊篩嘻量

4、咖詭曼溫牢弘锨撇涸灰籠眺洲簍編磊鹵兄前躬暑能玫更甘狀使用被動語態(tài)的三種情況被動語態(tài)的使用主要見于以下幾種情況：1.語義的需要：當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，常用被動語態(tài)，這時往往不用by短語。如：The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday.昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)They have been poorly paid.他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)2.強調(diào)的需要：突出或強調(diào)動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語。如：The time-table has been changed .

5、時間表已變動了。(要突出的是“時間”)These books are written especially for children.這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強調(diào)的是“這些書”)3.交際的需要：為了使語言得體或圓滑等不愿意說出動作的執(zhí)行者。如：You are requested to make a speech at next meeting.請您在下次會議上作個發(fā)言。It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.據(jù)說她要嫁給一個外國人。4.修辭的需要：出于修辭的原因，或是說為了更好地安排句子。如：It is gener

6、ally considered impolite to ask ones age, salary, marriage, etc.問別人的年齡、工資、婚姻狀況等通常被認(rèn)為是不禮貌的。The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area.這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區(qū)投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了，若用它作主語，主語與謂語就相距太遠(yuǎn)而顯得句子松散。)5.語體的需要：在新聞報道中，為了表明報道的客觀性而避免主觀性的透露時。如：A car accident happened on

7、the high way this morning. Three men were killed, the wounded were taken away to hospital at once and policemen were sent there to cope with the event.今天早晨高速公路上發(fā)生了一起車禍，三人喪生，傷員馬上被送往了醫(yī)院，并馬上派了警察去處理這一事件。另外，在科技論文中，常使用被動語態(tài)來強調(diào)客觀事實。如：When it is cold enough, water will be turned into ice.當(dāng)天氣足夠冷時，水就會變成冰。So fa

8、r, the moon has been visited by earthmen several times.到目前為止，地球人已經(jīng)幾次拜訪了月亮。并列連詞eitheror用法歸納eitheror主要用于表示選擇，其意為“要么要么”“或者或者”，用于連接兩個性質(zhì)相同的詞或短語。如：You can have either this one or that one.你拿這個或那個都可以。You must either go at once or wait till tomorrow.你要么馬上走，要么等到明天。We can finish the work either this week or n

9、ext week.不是這星期就是下星期我們就可完成這項工作。在具體使用not onlybut also時還應(yīng)注意以下幾點：1.eitheror連接兩個成分作主語時，謂語動詞通常與其靠近的主語保持一致。如：Either you or I am to go.你或我必須有人去。Either he or you are right.要么他對，要么你對。但在非正式文體中，有時也會一律用復(fù)數(shù)謂語。如：If either David or Janet come, they will want a drink.大衛(wèi)或珍妮特來的話，是會要喝酒的。2.eitheror除可連接兩個詞或短語外，有時也可連接兩個句子。

10、如：Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.要么你改進工作，要么我就辭退你。Either youll leave this house or Ill call the police.你要是不離開這座房子，我就叫警察來。3.eitheror的否定式可以是not eitheror，也可以是neithernor.。如：He didnt either write or phone.=He neither wrote nor phoned.他既沒寫信又沒打電話。注意，正如不能說eithernot一樣(但可說noteither)，英

11、語習(xí)慣上也不說eitherornot，如不能說：Either he or his wife hasnt come.可改為：Neither he nor his wife has come.并列連詞not onlybut also用法歸納not onlybut also表示“不僅而且”“既又”，用于連接兩個性質(zhì)相同的詞或短語。如：Not only men but also women were chosen.不僅僅是男的，女的也有被選中的。We were not only hungry, but also tired.我們不但餓了，而且也累了。She likes not only music b

12、ut also sport.她不但喜歡音樂而且喜歡運動。She not only plays well, but also writes music.她不僅很會演奏，而且還會作曲。We go there not only in winter, but also in summer.我們不僅冬天去那兒，而且夏天也去。另外，在使用not onlybut also時還應(yīng)注意以下幾點：1.有時可將but also分開用，即將but視為普通的并列連詞，用于連接兩個句子，然后將also用于句中（用謂語動詞用在一起）。如：Hes not only very fast, but hes also got ma

13、rvellous technique.他不僅很快，而且技術(shù)高超。2.該結(jié)構(gòu)中的also有時可以省略，或?qū)lso換成too, as well（置于句末）。如：He not only washed the car, but polished it too as well.他不僅沖洗汽車，而且還擦拭了它。His name is known not only in Japan, but in China.他不僅在日本出名，而且在中國也出名。3.有時因為語境的需要，not onlybut also也可能用于連接兩個性質(zhì)不同的詞或短語，但這多半因為承前省略的原因。如：He not only goes t

14、o work on weekdays, but also on weekends.他不僅工作日去上班，在周末也去上班。句中的not only后接的是謂語goes to，而but also后接的卻是狀語on weekends，可視為but also后承前省略了謂語動詞goes to work。4.當(dāng)not onlybut also連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)原則上與其相近的主語保持一致。如：Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不僅學(xué)生們在欣賞這部影片，他們的老師也在欣賞這部影片。5.為了強調(diào)，可將no

15、t only置于句首，此時其后的句子通常要用部分倒裝的形式。如：Not only has she been late three times, she has also done no work.她不僅僅遲到了3次，她還沒干一點活。Not only do they need clothing, but they are also short of water.他們不但需要衣服，而且還缺水。有時也可見到不倒裝的情形，此時主要見于but also后接省略結(jié)構(gòu)的情況（省略只剩下主語）。如：Not only my mother was unhappy, but Marian, too.不僅我母親不快樂

16、，瑪麗安也不快樂。注意這些句子中的并列連詞有這樣一道題，該選哪個答案？注意與句中的并連詞有關(guān)：They werent a particularly good team, but they refused to give in and_defeat.A. acceptB. acceptedC. acceptingD. to have accepted容易誤選B，誤認(rèn)為accepted與謂語refused并列。其實，最佳答案為A，動詞accept與give并列。請看類例：(1)Mother told Jim to watch the milk until it boiled and then_of

17、f the gas.A.turnB.turningC.turnedD.having turned答案為A，turn off the gas與watch the milk until it boiled并列。(2)He just does what he pleases and never_about anyone else.A.thinkB.thinksC.thinkingD.thought答案選B，thinks與前面的does為并列謂語，同用一般現(xiàn)在時。(3)I dont know whether to stay in teaching or_another job.A.trying get

18、tingB.to try to getC.trying to getD.try get答案選B，to stay in teaching與to try to get another job為兩個并列的選擇成分，故同用不定式。另外比較：try to do sth=設(shè)法做某事，try doing sth=做某事看看有何效果。連詞because用法詳解1.表示原因，語氣較強，可用來回答why提出的問題。如：A：Why do you love her?你為什么愛她?B：Because she is kind.因為很善良。2.because除經(jīng)常用于引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句外，還可引出表語從句或用于強調(diào)句等。如：

19、It is because youre eating too much.那是因為你吃得太多了。It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday.我昨天是由于想買本字典而進城的。3.漢語說“因為所以”，但英語卻不能用becauseso這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：因為我病了半年，所以把工作丟了。誤：Because I was ill for six months, so I lost my job.正：Because I was ill for six months, I lost my job.正：I was

20、ill for six months, so I lost my job.4.漢語說“之所以是因為”，英語可以類似以下這樣的句型（用that比用because普通）。如：The reason(why)Im late is thatbecauseI missed the bus.我遲到的原因是因為我沒有趕上公共汽車。傳統(tǒng)語法認(rèn)為這類句型不能用because,但在現(xiàn)代英語中用because的情形已很普遍。5.在notbecause這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，not有時否定主句，有時否定從句，具體視語境而定。一般說來，若not否定主句，最好在because之前用逗號，否則會引起歧義，如下句在沒有特定上下文時就有兩種

21、解釋：I didnt go because I was afraid.這個句子既可理解為“我沒有去是因為怕”，也可理解為“我不是因為怕才去”。但是，如果because之前有副詞just修飾，一般認(rèn)為not是否定從句而不是主句。如：You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you.你不要因為有人說你壞話而生氣。6.有時可引導(dǎo)一個句子作主語，此時通常采用just because這樣的形式，并且主句謂語動詞通常（當(dāng)然不是一定）為mean。如：Just because you speak English doesnt me

22、an you can teach it.你會說英語并不意味著你能教英語。Just because youre old doesnt mean you have to be idle.只是因為你年紀(jì)大了，這并不意味著你就應(yīng)該懶散不活動。Because you have words with your wife is no reason to smash up things.你和你的妻子吵架并不能成為摔東西的理由。7.用于構(gòu)成復(fù)合介詞because of，其后可接名詞、代詞、動名詞、what從句（但不能是that從句或沒有引導(dǎo)詞的從句）等。如：He is here because of you(t

23、hat).他為你（那事）而來這里。We said nothing about it, because of his wifes being there.因為他妻子在那兒，我們對此只字未提。He left the company because of what the boss said at the meeting.他離開了這家公司，是因為老板在會上講的話。8.because of通常用來引導(dǎo)狀語，而用于不引導(dǎo)表語（引導(dǎo)表語時可用due to）。如：誤：His absence is because of the rain.正：His absence is due to the rain.他因雨

24、未來。但是，若主語是代詞（不是名詞），則它引出的短語也可用作表語。如：It is because of hard work.那是因為辛苦工作的原因。It will be because of money.那將都是因為錢的原因。although與though的同與異1.用作連詞，表示“雖然”，兩者大致同義，可換用，只是although比though更為正式。如：ThoughAlthoughtheyre expensive, people buy them.雖然它們很昂貴，人們還是買。2.although一般不用作副詞，而though可用作副詞，表示“可是”“不過”。如：I expect your

25、e rightIll ask him, though.我認(rèn)為你說得對我去問問他也好。She promised to phone. I heard nothing, though.她答應(yīng)要打電話來.可我沒聽到回信兒。這樣用的though通常位于句末，但有時位于句首的though也有這樣的意思。如：他說他要付錢，然而我認(rèn)為他不會付的。正：He says hell pay, though I dont think he will.正：He says hell pay;I dont think he will, though.3.在as though（好像，仿佛），even though（即使，縱然）

26、等固定短語中，不能用although代替though。如：She treats me as though I were a stranger.她待我仿佛我是一個陌生人。Hes the best teacher even though he has the least experience.他盡管經(jīng)驗最少，但教得最好。4.兩者均可用于省略句，通常見于主句與從句主語相同，且從句謂語含有動詞be的情形。如：AlthoughThough(it was)built before the war, the engine is still in perfect order.盡管是戰(zhàn)前制造的，這臺發(fā)動機仍然處

27、于良好狀態(tài)。AlthoughThough(he is)still young he is going very grey.盡管他還年輕他的頭發(fā)卻已變得灰白。AlthoughThough(she was)in pain, she bravely blinked back her tears.她雖然很疼痛，但還是硬把眼淚抑制住了。5.當(dāng)though用于倒裝形式，它不能換成although，但可換成as。Successful thoughashe is, he is not proud.他雖然成功，但不驕傲。Much thoughasI like you, I couldnt live with y

28、ou.我盡管很喜歡你,卻不能和你在一起生活。Try thoughasI would, I could not make her change her mind.不管我多努力，也不能讓她改變主意。Surrounded thoughaswe were by the enemy, we managed to march forward.雖然我們被敵人包圍著，但我們還是設(shè)法前進了。Raining hard thoughasit is, Im going out for a walk.雖然正在下著大雨，我還是要出去散步。注意，若倒裝后置于句首的是名詞時，其前習(xí)慣上不用冠詞或其他限定詞。如：Expert

29、thoughashe was, he failed.他雖是專家，但還是失敗了。Big puzzle thoughasit was, it hadnt got the better of Jim.雖然是個大難題，但仍沒有難倒吉姆。6.不要按漢語“雖然但是”的表達習(xí)慣，在although后連用but。如：雖然他只是個業(yè)余愛好者，但卻是一流的高手。誤：Although hes only an amateur, but hes a first-class player.正：Although hes only an amateur, hes a first-class player.但是在強調(diào)時，alt

30、hough可與yet, still等副詞連用。如：Though he seems happy, yet he is worried.雖然他看起來很幸福，但他實際上很煩惱。值得一提的是，在某些特定的語境中，although與but連用的句子是可能的（注：but引出的句子在although從句之前）。如：But I didnt know that then, although I learned it later.但我當(dāng)時的確不知道此事，盡管后來還是知道了。He wanted to go abroad, but although he had some money he couldnt affor

31、d it.他想出國，盡管他有些錢，但還是負(fù)擔(dān)不起。but與however有何區(qū)別兩者均可表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?，意為“但是”“可是”“然而”等，但有區(qū)別：1.表示轉(zhuǎn)折時，but是連詞，用于連接詞、短語或句子。如：He is young but very experienced.他雖年輕，但經(jīng)驗很豐富。2.however表示“然而”“可是”時，有的詞書認(rèn)為它是連詞，有的詞書認(rèn)為它是副詞。之所以將其視為副詞，也許是因為像許多副詞一樣不僅能位于句首，而且能位于句中(注意前后使用逗號)，甚至句末(注意其前也用逗號)。如：Later,however, he changed his mind.可是他后來改變了主意

32、。He hasnt arrived. He may, however, come later.他還沒有到，不過他等會兒可能會來。He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however.他說情況如此，可是他錯了。注：以上各例中的however不能換成but，但可用but來改寫：He said that it was so, but he was mistaken.他說情況如此，可他錯了。but與however的用法區(qū)別兩者均可表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?，意為“但是”、“可是”、“然而”等，但有區(qū)別：1.表示轉(zhuǎn)折時，but是連詞。如：He is young but v

33、ery experienced.他雖年輕，但經(jīng)驗很豐富。He has three daughters but no sons.他有3個女兒，但沒有兒子。He likes sports, but his wife likes music.他喜歡運動，而他妻子則喜歡音樂。2.however表示“然而”、“可是”時，有的詞書認(rèn)為它是連詞，有的詞書認(rèn)為它是副詞。之所以將其視為副詞，也許是因為像許多副詞一樣不僅能位于句首，而且能位于句中(注意前后使用逗號)，甚至句末(注意其前也用逗號)。如：Later, however, he changed his mind.可是他后來改變了主意。He hasnt a

34、rrived. He may, however, come later.他還沒有到，不過他等會兒可能會來。He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however.他說情況如此，可是他錯了。注：以上各例中的however不能換成but，但可用but來改寫。如：He said that it was so, but he was mistaken.他說情況如此，可他錯了。3.當(dāng)連接兩個句子時，其前通常應(yīng)用分號，或另起新句。如：Its raining hard; however, I think we should go out. / Its raining

35、 hard. However, I think we should go out.雨下得很大，但我想我們還得出去。注：上例中的however不能換成but，但可用but來改寫(注意所用標(biāo)點的變化)。如：Its raining hard, but I think we should go out.如何理解in that引導(dǎo)從句的用法如果是作為自由搭配in that，那么它的意思需視上下文而定。如：Put the bookcase in that corner.把書柜放在那個角落里。You ought on no account to take part in that.你千萬別參與那事。It i

36、s expensive to stay in that hotel.住那家旅館很貴。如果用in that引導(dǎo)從句，則它是一個習(xí)語，意思是“因為”“由于”，與從屬連詞because意思相同。如：She was fortunatein thatshe had friends to help her.她很幸運，有一些朋友幫助她。The situation is rather complicatedin thatwe have two managing directors.由于我們有兩位總經(jīng)理，所以情況很復(fù)雜。Im in a slightly awkward position,in thathes n

37、ot arriving until the 10th.我的處境有點難堪，因為他要10號才來。although與though用法區(qū)別與說明1.用作連詞，表示“雖然”，兩者大致同義，可換用，只是although比though更為正式。如：ThoughAlthoughtheyre expensive, people buy them.雖然它們很昂貴，人們還是買。2.although一般不用作副詞，而though可用作副詞，表示“可是”“不過”。如：I expect youre rightIll ask him, though.我認(rèn)為你說得對我去問問他也好。She promised to phone.

38、 I heard nothing, though.她答應(yīng)要打電話來.可我沒聽到回信兒。這樣用的though通常位于句末，但有時位于句首的though也有這樣的意思。如：他說他要付錢，然而我認(rèn)為他不會付的。正：He says hell pay, though I dont think he will.正：He says hell pay;I dont think he will, though.3.在as though（好像，仿佛），even though（即使，縱然）等固定短語中，不能用although代替though。如：She treats me as though I were a st

39、ranger.她待我仿佛我是一個陌生人。Hes the best teacher even though he has the least experience.他盡管經(jīng)驗最少，但教得最好。4.兩者均可用于省略句，通常見于主句與從句主語相同，且從句謂語含有動詞be的情形。如：AlthoughThough(it was)built before the war, the engine is still in perfect order.盡管是戰(zhàn)前制造的，這臺發(fā)動機仍然處于良好狀態(tài)。AlthoughThough(he is)still young he is going very grey.盡管他

40、還年輕他的頭發(fā)卻已變得灰白。AlthoughThough(she was)in pain, she bravely blinked back her tears.她雖然很疼痛，但還是硬把眼淚抑制住了。5.當(dāng)though用于倒裝形式，它不能換成although，但可換成as。Successful thoughashe is, he is not proud.他雖然成功，但不驕傲。Much thoughasI like you, I couldnt live with you.我盡管很喜歡你,卻不能和你在一起生活。Try thoughasI would, I could not make her

41、change her mind.不管我多努力，也不能讓她改變主意。Surrounded thoughaswe were by the enemy, we managed to march forward.雖然我們被敵人包圍著，但我們還是設(shè)法前進了。Raining hard thoughasit is, Im going out for a walk.雖然正在下著大雨，我還是要出去散步。注意，若倒裝后置于句首的是名詞時，其前習(xí)慣上不用冠詞或其他限定詞。如：Expert thoughashe was, he failed.他雖是專家，但還是失敗了。Big puzzle thoughasit was

42、, it hadnt got the better of Jim.雖然是個大難題，但仍沒有難倒吉姆。6.不要按漢語“雖然但是”的表達習(xí)慣，在although后連用but。如：雖然他只是個業(yè)余愛好者，但卻是一流的高手。誤：Although hes only an amateur, but hes a first-class player.正：Although hes only an amateur, hes a first-class player.但是在強調(diào)時，although可與yet, still等副詞連用。如：Though he seems happy, yet he is worrie

43、d.雖然他看起來很幸福，但他實際上很煩惱。值得一提的是，在某些特定的語境中，although與but連用的句子是可能的（注：but引出的句子在although從句之前）。如：But I didnt know that then, although I learned it later.但我當(dāng)時的確不知道此事，盡管后來還是知道了。He wanted to go abroad, but although he had some money he couldnt afford it.他想出國，盡管他有些錢，但還是負(fù)擔(dān)不起。并列連詞的分類與用法一、表轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞主要有but(但是), yet(可是)

44、, while(而，卻)等。如：I would have written before but I have been ill.我本該早寫信的，但我生病了。I have failed, yet I shall try again.我失敗了，但我還要嘗試。You like tennis, while Id rather read.你愛打網(wǎng)球，但我愛看書。二、表選擇的并列連詞主要or (或者，還是，否則), eitheror(不是就是), neitheror(既不也不), otherwise (要不然)等。如：Be careful about what you say or you may reg

45、ret it.當(dāng)心你講的話，否則你會后悔的。Either say youre sorry or else get out!你要么道歉，要么滾開!Neither does he smoke nor does he drink.他既不抽煙也不喝酒。Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it.要抓住機會，否則你會后悔的。注：neithernor連接兩個句子，注意用倒裝語序。三、表聯(lián)合的并列連詞主要有and, not onlybut also(不但而且), when(=and just at this time就在這時)等。如：Give him an

46、inch and he will take a mile.他會得寸進尺。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.不僅他講得更正確，也講得更不費勁了。He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.他正要上床睡覺，這時電話鈴響了起來。四、表因果的并列連詞主要有for(因為), so(因此)等。如：He shook his head, for he thoughtdifferently.他搖了搖頭，因為他有不同想法。He told me to do it, so

47、 I did it.他讓我這樣做，于是我就這樣做了。because的語法與用法1.表示原因，語氣較強，可用來回答why提出的問題。如：A：Why do you love her?你為什么愛她？B：Because she is kind.因為很善良。2.because除經(jīng)常用于引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句外，還可引出表語從句或用于強調(diào)句等。如：It is because youre eating too much.那是因為你吃得太多了。It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday.我昨天是由于想買本字典而進

48、城的。3.漢語說“因為所以”，但英語卻不能用becauseso這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：因為我病了半年，所以把工作丟了。誤：Because I was ill for six months, so I lost my job.正：Because I was ill for six months, I lost my job.正：I was ill for six months, so I lost my job.4.漢語說“之所以是因為”，英語可以類似以下這樣的句型（用that比用because普通）。如：The reason (why) Im late is that because I missed

49、 the bus.我遲到的原因是因為我沒有趕上公共汽車。傳統(tǒng)語法認(rèn)為這類句型不能用because,但在現(xiàn)代英語中用because的情形已很普遍。5.在notbecause這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，not有時否定主句，有時否定從句，具體視語境而定。一般說來，若not否定主句，最好在because之前用逗號，否則會引起歧義，如下句在沒有特定上下文時就有兩種解釋：I didnt go because I was afraid.這個句子既可理解為“我沒有去是因為怕”，也可理解為“我不是因為怕才去”。但是，如果because之前有副詞just修飾，一般認(rèn)為not是否定從句而不是主句。如：You shouldnt ge

50、t angry justbecausesome people speak ill of you.你不要因為有人說你壞話而生氣。6.有時可引導(dǎo)一個句子作主語，此時通常采用just because這樣的形式，并且主句謂語動詞通常（當(dāng)然不是一定）為mean。如：Just becauseyou speak English doesnt mean you can teach it.你會說英語并不意味著你能教英語。Just because youre old doesnt mean you have to be idle.只是因為你年紀(jì)大了，這并不意味著你就應(yīng)該懶散不活動。Because you have

51、 words with your wife is no reason to smash up things.你和你的妻子吵架并不能成為摔東西的理由。7.用于構(gòu)成復(fù)合介詞because of，其后可接名詞、代詞、動名詞、what從句（但不能是that從句或沒有引導(dǎo)詞的從句）等。如：He is here because of you (that).他為你（那事）而來這里。We said nothing about it,because ofhis wifes being there.因為他妻子在那兒，我們對此只字未提。He left the company because of what the

52、boss said at the meeting.他離開了這家公司，是因為老板在會上講的話。8.because of通常用來引導(dǎo)狀語，而用于不引導(dǎo)表語（引導(dǎo)表語時可用due to）。如：誤：His absence is because of the rain.正：His absence is due to the rain.他因雨未來。但是，若主語是代詞（不是名詞），則它引出的短語也可用作表語。如：It is because of hard work.那是因為辛苦工作的原因。It will be because of money.那將都是因為錢的原因。as用作連詞有哪些用法as用作連詞用法如下

53、：一、表示伴隨意為“隨著”。如：As time passed, things seemed to get worse.隨著時間的推移，情況似乎變得更糟了。若其后不接從句，而接名詞，則用介詞with表示“隨著”。如：With the development of modern agriculture and industry, more and more waste is produced.隨著現(xiàn)代工農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展，污染越來越嚴(yán)重了。二、表示讓步意為“雖然”“盡管”，要用于倒裝句（相當(dāng)于though，但語氣稍弱）。如：Boy as he was, he behaved like a girl.他雖然

54、是個男孩，但舉止卻像個女孩。Much as I like you, I couldnt live with you.我盡管很喜歡你，卻不能和你一起生活。Try as he would might，he couldnt open the door.他試過多次了，卻仍打不開門。三、表示時間意為“當(dāng)時候”。如：He dropped the glass as he stood up.他站起來時，把杯子摔了。As I was coming here, I met your brother.我來這里時碰到了你的弟弟。注意，as引導(dǎo)時態(tài)狀語從句時，其謂語動詞通常只能是動作動詞，而不能是靜態(tài)或狀態(tài)動詞。如：她

55、出生后不久父母雙亡，是由姑母撫養(yǎng)大的。誤：Her parents died as she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.正：Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.四、表示原因引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時，其謂語動詞可以是動作動詞，也可以是狀態(tài)動詞。如：As you werent there I left a message.因為你不在那里，我留了個信兒。另外，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，可用以下這樣的倒裝語序。如：Tired as she was,

56、 I decided not to disturb her.因為她累了，我就決定不打擾她了。Writing hurriedly as she was, she didnt notice the spelling errors.因為寫得倉促，她沒有注意其中的拼寫錯誤。摘自中學(xué)英語高頻詞詳解詞典not onlybut also用法說明該表達的意思是“不但而且”，注意以下用法：主要用于連接兩個對等的成分；若連接兩個成分作主語，其后謂語動詞與靠近的主語保持一致。如：She likes not only music but also sport.她不但喜歡音樂而且喜歡運動。The place was n

57、ot only cold, but also damp.那個地方不但很冷而且很潮濕。We go there not only in winter,but alsoin summer.我們不僅冬天去那兒，而且夏天也去。Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不僅學(xué)生們在欣賞這部影片，他們的老師也在欣賞這部影片。not onlybut also中的also通?？梢允÷?，或換成too, as well（要置于句末）。如：He not only washed the car, but polished it t

58、oo as well.他不僅沖洗汽車，而且還擦拭了它。有時甚至連but also一并省略掉。如：Justice must not only be done; it must be seen to be done.正義不但必須伸張，而且要讓人看到正義得到了伸張。She not only entered the competitionshe actually won it!她不但參加了競賽而且居然獲勝了！為了強調(diào)，可將not only置于句首，此時其后的句子通常要用部分倒裝的形式。如：Not onlyhas she been late three times, she has also done

59、no work.她不僅僅遲到了3次，她還沒干一點活。Not only do they need clothing, but they are also short of water.他們不但需要衣服，而且還缺水。并列連詞yet有哪些用法yet用作并列連詞，主要表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而”“但是”。如：He worked hard, yet he failed.他工作努力，可是他失敗了。He said he would be late, yet he arrived on time.他說他會遲到，但他卻準(zhǔn)時到了。在使用時還要注意以下幾點：1.用于習(xí)語and yet或but yet，意為“雖然如此”“可

60、是”“然而”，與單獨使用的yet意思相同。如：Hes not really nice-looking, and yet he has enormous charm.他并不十分好看，可是他很有魅力。Shes a funny girl, but yet you cant help liking her.她是一個奇怪的姑娘，但你禁不住會喜歡她。2.根據(jù)英語習(xí)慣，although不能與連詞but搭配使用，但是有時although可以與yet搭配連用（此時的yet可視為副詞）。如：Although we are poor, yet we are happy.盡管我們窮，但我們很快活。連詞and用法方方面