中小企業(yè)融資障礙及其對(duì)策分析研究財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)

1、目 錄 TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247733 摘 要 PAGEREF _Toc479247733 h I HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2

2、a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247734 Abstract PAGEREF _Toc479247734 h II HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3

3、c21e361c1 l _Toc479247735 第1章緒論 PAGEREF _Toc479247735 h 1 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247736 1.1研究背景 PAGEREF _Toc479247736 h 1 HYPERLINK file:/C:Usersapple

4、Desktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247737 1.2中小企業(yè)融資特點(diǎn) PAGEREF _Toc479247737 h 1 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f880

5、74b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247738 1.3采用的研究方法及及解決的問(wèn)題 PAGEREF _Toc479247738 h 2 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247739 第2章我國(guó)中

6、小企業(yè)融資現(xiàn)狀 PAGEREF _Toc479247739 h 3 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247740 2.1中小企業(yè)融資的理論依據(jù) PAGEREF _Toc479247740 h 3 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a7514

7、56bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247741 2.2中小企業(yè)融資方式 PAGEREF _Toc479247741 h 3 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c98

8、8a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247742 2.2.1 內(nèi)源融資 PAGEREF _Toc479247742 h 3 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247743 2.2.2 外源融資 PAGEREF _Toc4792477

9、43 h 3 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247744 2.3中小企業(yè)融資來(lái)源 PAGEREF _Toc479247744 h 4 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f

10、2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247745 2.4中小企業(yè)融資缺口 PAGEREF _Toc479247745 h 4 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21

11、e361c1 l _Toc479247746 2.5中小企業(yè)融資現(xiàn)狀 PAGEREF _Toc479247746 h 5 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247747 第3章 我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資難的原因 PAGEREF _Toc479247747 h 6 HYPERLINK file:/

12、C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247748 3.1 中小企業(yè)自身方面的原因 PAGEREF _Toc479247748 h 6 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c

13、90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247749 3.1.1 中小企業(yè)信用度不足 PAGEREF _Toc479247749 h 6 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc47

14、9247750 3.1.2管理水平低下 PAGEREF _Toc479247750 h 6 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247751 3.1.3中小企業(yè)不能提供有效的信貸保證 PAGEREF _Toc479247751 h 7 HYPERLINK file:/C:Usersappl

15、eDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247752 3.2中國(guó)的金融體系和銀行管理制度的制約 PAGEREF _Toc479247752 h 7 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb

16、16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247753 3.2.1資本市場(chǎng)缺乏層次 PAGEREF _Toc479247753 h 7 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247754

17、3.2.2直接融資體系結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷 PAGEREF _Toc479247754 h 7 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247755 3.2.3間接融資體系制度缺陷 PAGEREF _Toc479247755 h 7 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop1

18、6b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247756 3.3政府及社會(huì)融資機(jī)構(gòu)方面的不足 PAGEREF _Toc479247756 h 8 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074

19、b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247757 3.3.1中小企業(yè)擔(dān)保信用體系不完善。 PAGEREF _Toc479247757 h 8 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247758 3.3.2缺

20、乏完善的信用評(píng)級(jí)體系。 PAGEREF _Toc479247758 h 8 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247759 3.3.3缺乏完善的法律法規(guī)的支持保障。 PAGEREF _Toc479247759 h 8 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop

21、16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247760 3.3.4民間融資法律地位不清。 PAGEREF _Toc479247760 h 8 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074

22、b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247761 3.4政缺乏科學(xué)有效的融資預(yù)測(cè)及計(jì)劃 PAGEREF _Toc479247761 h 8 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247762 3.5融資渠道

23、和融資方式比較單一 PAGEREF _Toc479247762 h 9 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247763 3.6融資成本高 PAGEREF _Toc479247763 h 10 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456b

24、fabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247764 第4章 如何應(yīng)對(duì)中小企業(yè)融資難以及建議 PAGEREF _Toc479247764 h 12 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab

25、291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247765 4.1企業(yè)方面 PAGEREF _Toc479247765 h 12 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247766 4.1.1加強(qiáng)企業(yè)管理 PAGEREF _Toc47

26、9247766 h 12 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247767 4.1.2提高信用觀念 PAGEREF _Toc479247767 h 12 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938c

27、e2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247768 4.1.3拓展融資渠道，吸取民間資本 PAGEREF _Toc479247768 h 12 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3

28、b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247769 4.2銀行方面 PAGEREF _Toc479247769 h 12 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247770 4.2.1轉(zhuǎn)換思路，開(kāi)拓中小企業(yè)融資市場(chǎng) PAGEREF _Toc479247770 h 12

29、 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247771 4.2.2改變服務(wù)，為中小企業(yè)排憂解難 PAGEREF _Toc479247771 h 13 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a1

30、96f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247772 4.2.3擴(kuò)展服務(wù)，提供更多樣的金融產(chǎn)品 PAGEREF _Toc479247772 h 13 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b8

31、4997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247773 4.2.4補(bǔ)全和完善中小企業(yè)服務(wù) PAGEREF _Toc479247773 h 13 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247774 4.3政府方面 PAGEREF _Toc479247774 h 13 HYPER

32、LINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247775 4.4提高中小企業(yè)自身綜合素質(zhì) PAGEREF _Toc479247775 h 14 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e

33、10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247776 4.5改善中小企業(yè)的融資環(huán)境 PAGEREF _Toc479247776 h 16 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e36

34、1c1 l _Toc479247777 4.5.1拓寬間接融資渠道，健全間接融資體系 PAGEREF _Toc479247777 h 16 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247778 4.5.2開(kāi)拓直接融資渠道，完善資本市場(chǎng) PAGEREF _Toc479247778 h 17 HY

35、PERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247779 結(jié) 論 PAGEREF _Toc479247779 h 19 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b0

36、56c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247780 致 謝 PAGEREF _Toc479247780 h 20 HYPERLINK file:/C:UsersappleDesktop16b51a751456bfabcfb9f667f0c47938ce2a196f2914b1e10a0e80b056c90b0fb16b611f88074b410f89ab291c988a8d545b0ec1fc3b84997465cc3c21e361c1 l _Toc479247781

37、參考文獻(xiàn) PAGEREF _Toc479247781 h 21中小企業(yè)融資障礙及其對(duì)策分析摘要：中國(guó)中小企業(yè)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中占據(jù)著一個(gè)非常重要的地位，正在一步步發(fā)展為社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的主力部隊(duì)。中小企業(yè)更適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)的變化，投資少，效果快; 但中國(guó)的中小企業(yè)現(xiàn)在面臨融資困難這一問(wèn)題。這篇文章一開(kāi)始先概述了一下中國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資以及它現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，簡(jiǎn)單描述了一下中小企業(yè)融資的一些特點(diǎn)以及它的資金來(lái)源。然后主要探討和總結(jié)了一些中小企業(yè)在融資上對(duì)融資的重大影響：沒(méi)有科學(xué)的融資預(yù)測(cè)和計(jì)劃，融資的成本高，融資渠道狹窄，融資結(jié)構(gòu)不合理等。并具體的從每個(gè)方面分析其原因，尋求融資困難的根本原因是企業(yè)及其經(jīng)理的整體素質(zhì)不高；然后

38、分析了中小企業(yè)融資融資環(huán)境對(duì)融資困難的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)目前的金融體系仍然對(duì)中小企業(yè)產(chǎn)生偏見(jiàn)，中國(guó)資本市場(chǎng)并不完全向中小企業(yè)開(kāi)放 ，第三方信用擔(dān)保制度也不夠好。最后給出相應(yīng)的解決方案。 一是中小企業(yè)要提高企業(yè)整體素質(zhì)，提高中小企業(yè)的融資競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。 二是資本市場(chǎng)應(yīng)為中小企業(yè)建立健全，完善的融資環(huán)境。中國(guó)的中小企業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，已成為促進(jìn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展和最具活力的“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)”的重要力量，國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)，緩解就業(yè)壓力，拉私人 投資優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)揮重要作用，在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中具有不可替代的地位。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示，目前中國(guó)的民營(yíng)企業(yè)數(shù)量超過(guò)了800萬(wàn)家，其中以中小企業(yè)占了非常多的一部分，占全國(guó)企業(yè)總數(shù)的99%，對(duì)GD

39、P的貢獻(xiàn)已達(dá)到63%。當(dāng)前，中國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資困難的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)變得很普遍了，這里面有中國(guó)中小企業(yè)本身的一些問(wèn)題，還有金融危機(jī)和其他外部環(huán)境引發(fā)的信貸制度和制度以及美國(guó)次貸危機(jī)。中小企業(yè)的融資困難直接影響民營(yíng)中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大和社會(huì)的長(zhǎng)治久安，所以，我們必須采取行動(dòng)來(lái)解決中國(guó)中小企業(yè)的融資難的問(wèn)題來(lái)保證和加快發(fā)展關(guān)鍵詞 國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)；融資；融資困難Analysis on Financing Obstacles of Small and Medium - sized Enterprises and Its CountermeasuresAbstract：Chinas small and medium-si

40、zed enterprises in the national economy is now in an important position, is gradually growing into the main force of the development of social productive forces. The small and medium-sized enterprises have strong adaptability to the market changes, less investment and quick results, but the small an

41、d medium-sized enterprises in our country are facing difficulties in financing. This paper first summarizes the financing of small and medium enterprises in China and the status quo, a brief introduction of the characteristics of small and medium enterprises financing and its sources of funding. The

42、n mainly explores and summarizes several major financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises of our country financing effect: no financing plan and forecasting of science, the high cost of financing, the financing channel is narrow and unreasonable financing structure etc. And a detailed

43、analysis of the causes from different aspects, in order to find out the causes of financing difficulties of the overall quality of enterprises and their management is not high; then analyzes the effect of financing of small and medium-sized enterprises the financing environment of the financing diff

44、iculties, found that Chinas current financial system is still discrimination for small and medium-sized enterprises, but also in China the capital market is not completely open to the small and medium-sized enterprise, third party credit guarantee system is not perfect. The corresponding countermeas

45、ures are given in the end, small and medium-sized enterprises should first is to improve the comprehensive quality of enterprises, enhance the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprise financing; secondly, the capital market for small and medium-sized enterprises should create a good soun

46、d financing environment.Chinas small and medium-sized enterprises have developed rapidly, has become an important force to promote the healthy development of the national economy and the most dynamic economic growth point , which also played an important role in the steady growth of the national eco

47、nomy, alleviating employment pressure, stimulating private investment, optimizing the economic structure, occupies the important position in the national economy. According to statistics, the number of private enterprises in China has more than 800, mainly small and medium enterprises, accounting fo

48、r about 99% of the total number of enterprises, the contribution of GDP has reached 63%. At present, Chinas SMEs widespread financing problems, this is not only because of Chinas small and medium-sized enterprises, but also affect the credit system and the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis triggered by

49、the financial crisis and other external environment. The financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises directly influence the development of small and medium-sized private enterprises and social long period of stability, therefore, we must take measures to solve our country small and

50、medium-sized enterprise financing difficult problem to protect and promote its development.Key words National economy Financing Financing difficulty 第1章緒論1.1研究背景 就當(dāng)今的企業(yè)發(fā)展來(lái)說(shuō)，各個(gè)國(guó)家也開(kāi)始重視對(duì)于中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展，而且在中小企業(yè)數(shù)量發(fā)展規(guī)模變得越來(lái)越大的今天，其發(fā)展也必然會(huì)成為一個(gè)被人們所普遍關(guān)注的課題。在企業(yè)發(fā)展的過(guò)程當(dāng)中，無(wú)論是企業(yè)所采取的創(chuàng)新思路還是為社會(huì)解決的就業(yè)問(wèn)題，對(duì)于整體國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展來(lái)說(shuō)都顯得非常重要。不過(guò)對(duì)于當(dāng)

51、前我們國(guó)家的中小企業(yè)發(fā)展局面來(lái)說(shuō)，目前所面臨的主要問(wèn)題就在于起發(fā)展過(guò)程中缺少足夠的資金支持，雖然在市場(chǎng)當(dāng)中可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多好項(xiàng)目，但是由于缺少資金的支持所以就只好放棄。也就是說(shuō)資金短缺已經(jīng)成為企業(yè)發(fā)展的短板，也使其經(jīng)營(yíng)過(guò)程總是面臨比較大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，很多時(shí)候甚至?xí)苯訉?dǎo)致企業(yè)倒閉。特別是對(duì)我國(guó)而言，中小企業(yè)貸款問(wèn)題更為嚴(yán)重，近年來(lái)也成為中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的制約因素，是最重要的問(wèn)題之一。而從實(shí)際發(fā)展情況來(lái)看，中國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資的時(shí)候，無(wú)論是直接融資還是間接融資都有較大差距,甚至在所有權(quán)方面還會(huì)受到歧視，整個(gè)的社會(huì)信用文化以及相應(yīng)的法制法規(guī)都沒(méi)有建立起來(lái)，從而就導(dǎo)致了公司的治理機(jī)構(gòu)變得更加不合理和不完善。因此，目

52、前通過(guò)多種方式來(lái)解決中小企業(yè)在日常融資過(guò)程中已經(jīng)成為緊迫事件。本次研究的主要目的就是對(duì)我國(guó)各個(gè)中小企業(yè)所具有的運(yùn)營(yíng)模式進(jìn)行分析，并從這種運(yùn)營(yíng)模式當(dāng)中找到其融資困難的主要原因，有針對(duì)性的提出相應(yīng)的解決方案。1.2中小企業(yè)融資特點(diǎn)對(duì)于一個(gè)企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，他們所從事的任何經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)，都要面臨如何解決資金的問(wèn)題，而且在第一時(shí)間就要想到應(yīng)當(dāng)通過(guò)什么樣的方式，在一個(gè)更加合理的時(shí)間內(nèi)去向誰(shuí)籌集到多少數(shù)量的資金，這對(duì)于企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)就是融資。所謂融資實(shí)際上是指對(duì)于資金的融通，一般的融資可以分為狹義廣義兩個(gè)方面來(lái)理解。本文中提到的融資指的是狹義上的融資，也就是我們稱之為資本整合的過(guò)程。資金的來(lái)源指的就是一個(gè)中小企業(yè)在日常經(jīng)營(yíng)

53、的過(guò)程當(dāng)中，根據(jù)他們的實(shí)際經(jīng)營(yíng)現(xiàn)狀和對(duì)于各種類型資金的運(yùn)作情況，通過(guò)一種比較有效的方法去預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的籌資規(guī)模，然后根據(jù)相應(yīng)的規(guī)模來(lái)制定出籌資的實(shí)施計(jì)劃，并按照當(dāng)前的市場(chǎng)運(yùn)營(yíng)方式來(lái)選擇更加合適的籌資方法，然后在確定了的融資渠道去對(duì)資金進(jìn)行籌借，代表的是一系列的活動(dòng)。對(duì)于大多數(shù)的中小企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，他們?cè)谶M(jìn)行融資的過(guò)程當(dāng)中，所采取的主要方式實(shí)際上和那些大型企業(yè)有很多相似的地方，不過(guò)由于中小企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模相對(duì)那些大型企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)要小的多，因此整體的財(cái)務(wù)狀況也會(huì)顯得更加薄弱一些，在進(jìn)行融資的過(guò)程當(dāng)中也必然會(huì)具有比較特殊的地方，主要包括：1. 不管中小企業(yè)是什么樣的類型，他們?cè)谶M(jìn)行融資的過(guò)程當(dāng)中，一

54、個(gè)非常共性的特點(diǎn)就在于，整體的融資成本是比較高的，而這個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)于大多數(shù)的中小企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)也是非常難以解決的困難。2. 中小企業(yè)的融資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高。正是因?yàn)楦鱾€(gè)中小企業(yè)在采取不同方式進(jìn)行融資的過(guò)程當(dāng)中會(huì)面臨更高的成本，這也導(dǎo)致他們?cè)趦斶€融資的過(guò)程當(dāng)中具有比較大的壓力，從而使企業(yè)面臨較高的融資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。3. 中小企業(yè)現(xiàn)在面對(duì)的一個(gè)共同困難就在于融資方面的困難。對(duì)于大多數(shù)的中小企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，他們的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)是比較小的，而且實(shí)際的發(fā)展速度卻很快，如果面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的情況下，這些中小企業(yè)是更加容易受到影響的，破產(chǎn)的情況也會(huì)更加頻繁的發(fā)生，這導(dǎo)致了更加困難的融資過(guò)程。1.3采用的研究方法及解決的問(wèn)題對(duì)于大多數(shù)的中小

55、企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，如果想要在日常經(jīng)營(yíng)的過(guò)程當(dāng)中不斷的加強(qiáng)自身的實(shí)力，并對(duì)企業(yè)內(nèi)部經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制進(jìn)行逐步的完善，最終增強(qiáng)其融資能力。首先對(duì)于銀行貸款來(lái)說(shuō)，銀行其實(shí)對(duì)于當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)上的很多中小企業(yè)在經(jīng)營(yíng)過(guò)程中所面臨的實(shí)際風(fēng)險(xiǎn)狀況沒(méi)有一個(gè)清楚的認(rèn)識(shí)，在識(shí)別風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的過(guò)程中也不會(huì)特別到位。然而，許多商業(yè)銀行為了能夠進(jìn)來(lái)以避免貸款的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，所以也為中小企業(yè)設(shè)立特別信貸來(lái)提供信貸，不過(guò)盡管這樣，銀行還是更愿意將貸款提供給那些大型的客戶，很少會(huì)主動(dòng)考慮小企業(yè)。對(duì)于一些民營(yíng)的中小企業(yè)，想要真正的從大型的商業(yè)銀行獲得貸款是很難的，于是就需要通過(guò)一些非正式的金融活動(dòng)來(lái)籌借到足夠的資金，以幫助企業(yè)的發(fā)展，也正是因?yàn)檫@樣，所以在很多地區(qū)就開(kāi)

56、始出現(xiàn)了一些民營(yíng)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)，當(dāng)前我國(guó)的監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)于這種民間的融資活動(dòng)也采取了嚴(yán)格的限制措施，但是，由于中小企業(yè)數(shù)量眾多，對(duì)資金需求的增加，也使得這一非政府金融活動(dòng)不僅沒(méi)有減少，而且在不斷的增加。第2章我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資近況2.1中小企業(yè)融資的理論依據(jù)各個(gè)中小企業(yè)在進(jìn)行融資的過(guò)程當(dāng)中，想要獲得更高的成功率，一方面要逐漸的提高自身經(jīng)營(yíng)水平和素質(zhì)，另一方面也要通過(guò)更多的融資渠道去實(shí)現(xiàn)融資，在此過(guò)程當(dāng)中要逐漸的建立一套相對(duì)更加完整的融資服務(wù)體系，不過(guò)就當(dāng)前的情況來(lái)看，我國(guó)的各種融資服務(wù)體系還難以真正滿足需要。第一，沒(méi)有完整的法律來(lái)保證和支持。其次，各種相應(yīng)的擔(dān)保體制還不成熟。 2.2中小企業(yè)融資方式2.

57、2.1 內(nèi)源融資什么是內(nèi)源融資，指的就是一個(gè)中小企業(yè)通過(guò)內(nèi)部的通道來(lái)獲取其發(fā)展過(guò)程中所需要的資金。那么對(duì)于這一部分資金來(lái)說(shuō)，它最特殊的地方就是來(lái)自這個(gè)企業(yè)的內(nèi)部，資金的不斷增長(zhǎng)也是需要靠企業(yè)的日常經(jīng)營(yíng)當(dāng)中所形成的資金不斷積累，而且在有必要的時(shí)候還需要將更多的資金通過(guò)各種方式轉(zhuǎn)化成投資。在進(jìn)行內(nèi)源融資的過(guò)程當(dāng)中，首先要考慮的就是企業(yè)在整個(gè)的融資過(guò)程當(dāng)中所形成的比較明確的產(chǎn)權(quán)關(guān)系，那么按照這種財(cái)產(chǎn)關(guān)系也可以說(shuō)，內(nèi)生投資進(jìn)一步分類，分為自有資金和債務(wù)基金兩種不同類型。2.2.2 外源融資所謂外源融資，指的就是中小企業(yè)在發(fā)展擴(kuò)大的過(guò)程當(dāng)中經(jīng)過(guò)一些渠道，從企業(yè)外得到一定數(shù)量資金的方法，主要是通過(guò)其他一些

58、經(jīng)濟(jì)主體所具有的儲(chǔ)蓄功能來(lái)獲得資金，然后將所獲得的所有資金通過(guò)某種方式來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)化成其自身生產(chǎn)的需要或者投資的這樣一個(gè)過(guò)程。外源投資和內(nèi)源融資相比，在辦理的過(guò)程當(dāng)中其手續(xù)也更加復(fù)雜，而且所需要的融資費(fèi)用也要高很多，雖然這種融資方法具有這樣的幾個(gè)缺點(diǎn)，不過(guò)對(duì)于大多數(shù)的企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，他們?cè)谶M(jìn)行內(nèi)源融資的時(shí)候，相應(yīng)的資金數(shù)量和融資能力還是比較有限的，因此很多時(shí)候會(huì)更加需要通過(guò)外源融資的方式來(lái)獲得企業(yè)的發(fā)展資金，也就是說(shuō)這種融資渠道對(duì)企業(yè)的成長(zhǎng)來(lái)說(shuō)有著更加重要的意義。2.3中小企業(yè)融資來(lái)源從目前的總體情況來(lái)看，我國(guó)的各個(gè)中小企業(yè)在進(jìn)行融資的過(guò)程當(dāng)中，所擁有的融資渠道還是比較狹窄的，而且很多企業(yè)的發(fā)展基本上都要依

59、靠他們自身的不斷發(fā)展而獲得的相應(yīng)內(nèi)部積累，也就是說(shuō)各個(gè)中小企業(yè)在進(jìn)行融資的過(guò)程當(dāng)中更多的依靠?jī)?nèi)部融資，取得的外源融資資源是非常有限的。特別是銀行貸款，當(dāng)條件往往很高時(shí)，需要向中小企業(yè)提供貸款，企業(yè)很難從銀行這里獲取更多的長(zhǎng)期信貸。所以中小企業(yè)在進(jìn)行銀行貸款的時(shí)候，更多的都是采用抵押和擔(dān)保貸款的形式，在這樣一種背景下，資信質(zhì)量對(duì)于企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)就非常重要，因?yàn)楹芏嘟鹑跈C(jī)構(gòu)都會(huì)去選擇資信質(zhì)量更高的企業(yè)去提供貸款，這也使得市場(chǎng)上的企業(yè)貸款呈現(xiàn)出了兩極化發(fā)展的態(tài)勢(shì)。另外，很多企業(yè)由于難以獲得金融機(jī)構(gòu)的貸款，因此就采取了很多其他的方式來(lái)獲得資金，必然說(shuō)親友借貸的方式或者進(jìn)行職工內(nèi)部集資等，也有很多企業(yè)開(kāi)始通過(guò)

60、民間借貸的方式來(lái)獲得資金，不過(guò)這種不是正規(guī)的金融發(fā)展模式在其他不同地區(qū)也是有很大的不同的。2.4中小企業(yè)融資缺口在對(duì)中小企業(yè)融資這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行原因分析的時(shí)候，無(wú)論是在我國(guó)的理論界，還是在實(shí)務(wù)界，學(xué)者們也都產(chǎn)生了一些分歧，很多人認(rèn)為之所以會(huì)出現(xiàn)中小企業(yè)融資困難的問(wèn)題，主要是因?yàn)槠髽I(yè)的自身發(fā)展特點(diǎn)而造成的，不過(guò)也有些學(xué)者認(rèn)為，主要的原因是中小企業(yè)在當(dāng)前的融資環(huán)境當(dāng)中還處于劣勢(shì)，經(jīng)常會(huì)受到正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視，所以才會(huì)導(dǎo)致他們的融資困難，另外還有些學(xué)者認(rèn)為，之所以中小企業(yè)難以融資，主要是我國(guó)的各種金融服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量還不夠，而且相應(yīng)的融資擔(dān)保體系也沒(méi)有建立完善。從這些學(xué)者所發(fā)表的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，更多的人認(rèn)