2019年高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)一遍過(guò)考點(diǎn)24 介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 含解析

1、考點(diǎn)24介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句高考頻度：考向一介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句介詞關(guān)系代詞的用法當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們通常用介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如果指人，用介詞whom；如果指物，用介詞which。介詞關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用1.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手：先行詞的意義；從句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞與先行詞的固定搭配；句子的意思。IllneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記孩童時(shí)代我在鄉(xiāng)村度過(guò)的時(shí)光。2.表示整體和部分關(guān)系，介詞常用of。在some，any，f

2、ew，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前、后可以用ofwhich/whom。Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding，mostofwhomarefamilymembers.約翰邀請(qǐng)了大約40人參加他的婚禮，他們當(dāng)中絕大部分是家庭成員。3.有時(shí)介詞where可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)要和介詞which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句從意思上加以區(qū)別。Hisheadsoonappearedoutofthewindow，fromwherehesawnothingbuttrees.，他的頭很快從窗口探了出來(lái)，從那里除了樹(shù)木他什么也看不到。(from

3、where相當(dāng)于fromoutofthewindow而不是fromthewindow)在定語(yǔ)從句中，含介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可拆開(kāi)使用(短語(yǔ)拆開(kāi)后含義發(fā)生變化)，如lookafter,lookfor等。ofwhich/whom有時(shí)可以用whose名詞結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)改寫。當(dāng)先行詞為way并且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用inwhich或that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(inwhich或that可省略)；如果定語(yǔ)從句中不缺少狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(that或which可省略)。of1.(2017江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空)In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,one_purposesistoreli

4、eveworldwidestarvation.A.whichC.whose【參考答案】CB.itsD.whom2.（2016江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空）Manyyoungpeople,most_werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.A.ofwhichC.ofwhomB.ofthemD.ofthose【參考答案】C【答案解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。本題定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是Manyyoungpeople，關(guān)系代詞whom指代先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。句意：很多年輕人都前往偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)追求它們的夢(mèng)想，其中大部分人都受過(guò)良好教育。故C項(xiàng)

5、正確?？枷蚨ㄕZ(yǔ)從句與其他句型的區(qū)別一、限制性定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞有跟他們含義相應(yīng)的先行詞，而引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)則沒(méi)有與他們含義相應(yīng)的先行詞。Sorry,Iveforgotthedaywhenwemetforthefirsttime.抱歉，我記不起我們第一次見(jiàn)面的日子了。（定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞theday與when含義相應(yīng)）Ivenoideawhenwemetforthefirsttime.我不知道我們第一次是什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面的。（同位語(yǔ)從句，idea與when沒(méi)有任何聯(lián)系）二、定語(yǔ)從句與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞都是when時(shí)，

6、定語(yǔ)從句修飾、限制、說(shuō)明時(shí)間名詞，只能放在先行詞的后面；而時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的情況，并且可以放在主句的前面。Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?你知道下課的時(shí)間嗎？（定語(yǔ)從句）Itwasalreadyfiveoclockwhentheclasswasover.=Whentheclasswasover,itwasalreadyfiveoclock.當(dāng)課結(jié)束時(shí)，已經(jīng)是五點(diǎn)鐘了。（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）三、定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞都是where時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句修飾、限制、說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)名詞；而狀語(yǔ)從句則說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，where沒(méi)

7、有對(duì)應(yīng)的地點(diǎn)名詞或代詞。Thisistheplacewhereweusedtoliveafewyearsago.這就是幾年前我們常居住的地方。（定語(yǔ)從句）Letsgowherewecanfindabetterjob.我們到我們能找到更好工作的地方去吧。（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）四、定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞或代詞的修飾和限制，關(guān)系詞可能是that,which,as,who,but,另一方面，句子中的It有所指；而強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是對(duì)某部分加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣的連接詞只能是that,who，并且句子中的It沒(méi)有任何意義；一般比較明顯，而有時(shí)就難以區(qū)別，還需要根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。Itisabookth

8、athewants.它究竟是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還是定語(yǔ)從句，就要從語(yǔ)境上來(lái)考察。如果它是用來(lái)回答Whatisthis/that?這樣的問(wèn)題，意思是：它是一本他想要的書。句子顯然是定語(yǔ)從句。如果是用來(lái)回答Whatdoeshewant?這樣的問(wèn)題，那么意思是：他想要的是一本書。顯然，句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。五、定語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中還要作某種成分，因而從句成分不完整；而結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞不作任何句子成分，因此句子成分完整。Itissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.它是我們大家都喜歡的如此有趣的書。（定語(yǔ)從句）Itissuchaninterestin

9、gbookthatwealllikeit.它是一本如此有趣的書，我么大家都喜歡它。（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）比較：Itissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllike.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。意思是：我們大家都喜歡的是一本如此有趣的書。六、定語(yǔ)從句與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句一般有關(guān)系詞、主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整；而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有關(guān)系詞、也沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Thebookbeingveryinteresting,wealllikeit.由于這本書有趣，我們大家都喜歡它。Thebookwhich/thatisveryinterestingwaspublishedlastyear.這本有趣的書是去年出版的。1.

10、Hewrotealotofnovels,noneof_werepopular.Itsthesamewithhiswife.Shewrotesomeplays,butnoneof_wasasuccess.A.these；themB.which；whichC.those；which【參考答案】DD.which；them2.Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup_therehadoncebeenatheatre.A.thatC.whichB.whereD.when3.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesm

11、alltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichC.thatB.whereD.when【參考答案】2.B3.B【答案解析】定語(yǔ)從句中有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞，而地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句中則沒(méi)有；定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞根據(jù)需要可用介詞+which來(lái)代替where，而地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句則通常只能由where引導(dǎo)。因此第2題中無(wú)表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞，是表示地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)從句，故填where，第3題中thesmalltown是先行詞，為定語(yǔ)從句，故填where，也可用inwhich替換。題組一基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.(2017浙江)Italy,_hasamuchweakertraditionofimmigration

12、,haswitnessedasharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecentyears.2.(2017北京)Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywith_operationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干預(yù)),wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.3.(2017北京)Thisiscalled“herdimmunity”,_protectsthepeoplewho

13、gethurteasily,includingthose_cantbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleon_thevaccinedoesntwork.4.Herperformancesonthestagewereperfect，_madealotofpeopleadmireher.5.Thecitywasattackedbysuchterribleweather_fewcitizenshadeverexperiencedbefore.6.AstoryIreadtwoyearsago，_nameI

14、cantrememberclearly，changedmyideaabouteducation.7.Idontknowthereason_youliedtoyourparents，butyoudbetterexplain.8._ismentionedabove，paperisfirstmadeinChina.9.Asailor_hasexperiencednostormwillneverbecomeanexcellentsailor.10.Ioftenthinkaboutthetimes_Ihavefelthurtandinsultedbyruderemarksfromstrangersand

15、sometimesfromacquaintances.題組二能力提升I.單項(xiàng)填空1.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree_theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.A.withwhichC.ofwhichB.towhichD.forwhich2.Guncontrolisasubject_Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich3.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerfo

16、roneyear,_hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.afterthatC.afteritB.afterwhichD.afterthis4.Truefriendshipislikehealth,thevalue_isseldomknownuntilitislost.A.ofitC.ofwhomB.onwhichD.ofwhich5.Withmorethan17000islands,_only6000areinhabited,Indonesiaistheworldslargestarchipelago(群島).A.onwhichC.ofwhichB.forwhichD.alo

17、ngwhich6.Pointingtothehouseon_roofgrewlotsofbushes,theoldmantoldmethatwas_Iwouldstay.A.its；whatB.whose；whatC.whose；whereD.its；where7.Ourspecialthanksgotothousandsofvolunteers,without_tirelesswork,noneofthesewouldbepossible.A.whichC.whoseB.whomD.that8.HaveyouknownJaneforlong?Notverylong,_westartedtos

18、ervetheWorldExpoinMilan.A.afterC.whenB.beforeD.sinceII.語(yǔ)篇填空Doyouknowtheman_1_wrotethisbook？HewasJason，oneoftheengineers_2_camefromRussia，inthe1950s.Heworkedinthesamefactory_3_myfatheronceworked.WhenhecametoChinathefirstthing_4_hedidwastovisitthefactory_5_didresearchontrolleybusesandfoundoutthereason

19、_6_Chinawassobackwardinit.Thenhespenteveryminute_7_hecouldsparetohelpChinadeveloptransportation._8_ismentionedabove，Jasonwasaforeigner_9_madegreatcontributionstoourcountryandwasakindmanto_10_weshouldsaythanks.III.語(yǔ)法填空Whenyoudecideyouregoingtolivealone，yougetupset.Thisis_1_(nature).Buttheresnoneedtog

20、et_2_(worry).Belowaresomeideas_3_canhelpyouout.Savingmoneyis_4_youneedtostartseveralmonthsbeforeyoumoveout.Youneedtosaveenoughmoney_5_(help)yousurviveforatleastamonthinthenewplace.The_6_(easy)ofallwaysistospendless!Searchforaplacetoliveinbefore_7_(move)out.Makesurethattheplaceyouchooseisinagoodlocat

21、ion.Besides，youcanafford_8_.Ifyouregoingtostayinanexpensivecity，findaroommatesothatyoucansharetheexpenses.Andifyouhavetolive_9_yourownforalongtime，youllhavetolookforaparttimejob.Ifyoure_10_student，youcanworkinrestaurants，theaters，etc.Anddontspendalotofmoneyinawastefulway!Tryandsaveeverypennyofwhatyo

22、uearn.題組三體驗(yàn)真題1.（2016浙江）Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof_hasbeenproved.A.whomC.whatB.whichD.that2.(2015浙江)Creatinganatmosphereemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.A.asB.whoseC.inwhichD.atwhich3.(2015重慶)Hewrotemanychildrensbooks,nearlyhalfof_werepublishedinthe199

23、0s.A.whomC.themB.whichD.that題組一基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.which6.whose2.whose7.why3.which,who,whom4.which8.As9.who5.as10.when題組二能力提升I.單項(xiàng)填空2.C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。句意：對(duì)槍的控制是美國(guó)人一直爭(zhēng)論的一個(gè)話題。argueabout意為爭(zhēng)論；arguewith意為和爭(zhēng)論，所以此處應(yīng)用介詞about。故選C。3.B【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法。在這個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞是Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear這件事，關(guān)系詞在從

24、句中作介詞after的賓語(yǔ)，所以關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用which。故選B。4.D【解析】考查介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：真正的友誼猶如健康，直到失去時(shí)才知其可貴。此處不能用介詞+指示代詞結(jié)構(gòu)；先行詞為friendship，指物，故不能用whom；此處表示所屬關(guān)系，故介詞只能用of，所以B項(xiàng)不符合句意。故選D?！緶剀疤崾尽勘绢}易誤選A項(xiàng)或者C項(xiàng)。但是考生需要注意,用whom時(shí)先行詞應(yīng)指人；如選A,可在逗號(hào)后加上連詞and。5.C【解析】考查介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知選C。ofwhich中的which指17000islands,17000islands為先行詞。6.C【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句。句意：老人指著那個(gè)屋頂上長(zhǎng)著許多灌木的房子對(duì)我說(shuō)，那就是我將要待的地方。house是先行詞，與roof是所屬關(guān)系，故用whose引導(dǎo)；thatwas_Iwouldstay是told的賓語(yǔ)從句，該從句中that是主語(yǔ)，_Iwouldstay是表語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以用where引導(dǎo)。7.C【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們特別感謝數(shù)以千計(jì)的志愿者們，沒(méi)有他們不知疲