名詞性從句M3

1、Unit 2 Grammar and usageNoun clauses基本句型：1. 主+系+表The weather is very cold.Her face turned red.2. 主+謂Spring comes late this year.We have lived in the city for ten years.3. 主+謂+賓I like popular music.She is reading English.He has decided to work harder.4. 主+謂+間賓+直賓He teaches us chemistry.Please tell me

2、 your telephone number.Please show me your photos.5. 主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)My father has two men working for him.The news made her very happy.We must keep the room clean.在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞從句(Noun Clauses）。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。名詞性從句 名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞His j

3、ob is important.What he does is important.主語(yǔ) This is his job.This is what he does every day.表語(yǔ)I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.賓語(yǔ)I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.同位語(yǔ)1.主語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)1) That he will succeed is certain.2) Whether

4、 he will go there is not known.3) What he said is not true.4) Its certain that he will succeed.2.賓語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分（可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)）1) They know that the habit will kill them. It all depends on whether they will support us.3) He asked how much I paid for the violin.3. 表語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)成分，一般放在連系動(dòng)詞

5、之后。作用：對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。1. The question is whether we can rely on him. 2. He looked as if he was going to cry.3. Thats because we were in need of money at that time. 4. Thats why I was late.4. 同位語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞（idea; belief; effect; truth; problem; news 等）后面，對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明。1) The idea that compute

6、rs can recognize human voices surprises many people.2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.判斷下列從句的類型1. That the earth is round is a fact. 2. Mrs. Black wont believe that her son has become a thief. 3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4. I had no idea that you were her

7、 friend.主賓表同5. The question is whether it is worth doing.6. Some people feel that Wales is an ancient fairy land.7. That he will come is certain. 8. Why he did it wasnt quite clear.表賓主主名詞性從句中的連接詞有:從屬連詞：that, whether, if, as if連接代詞：what, who, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever連接副詞:

8、where, when, why, how, wherever, whenever1. that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，本身沒(méi)有詞義。 that在主語(yǔ)從句中主句冗長(zhǎng)，為避免句子頭重腳輕，經(jīng)常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ), that引導(dǎo)真正的主語(yǔ)從句。1. It + be + adj. ( true, certain, possible, obvious, likely) that2. It + be +noun phrase (no wonder, an honour, a pity,) that3. It+ be + past participle

9、(said, reported, expected, announced) that4. It + seems/appears that.5. It doesnt matter that it 作形式主語(yǔ)的句型:2) that在賓語(yǔ)從句中在主+謂+it（形式賓語(yǔ)）+賓補(bǔ)+that從句（真正賓語(yǔ)）的句型中，that不可以省略。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, make, consider, find, feel, believe等。We must make it clear that we mean what we say.2. 由連詞and連接的兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中, 第二個(gè)that 不省略。

10、He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.3. that 從句一般不能充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)，但可以作except, in 等介詞的賓語(yǔ)。He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 3) 一般情況下，“that”在表語(yǔ)從句中不能省。My decision is that all of us

11、are to start at 6 tomorrow morning. 4) that 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)位于抽象名詞之后，對(duì)前面的名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，不能省略。名詞suggestion, advice, order等詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should+動(dòng)詞原形, should可省略。2. whether / if 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句whether與if 均為“是否”的意思。 但在下列情況下，只可用whether。 whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并放在句首。 2. 在表語(yǔ)從句中，表“是否” 時(shí)，只能用 “whether”。3.介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用if。4. 常與 o

12、r not 連用；if 則不可。 5. 后接動(dòng)詞不定式 時(shí)。把下列句子改成含有名詞性從句的復(fù)合句They are good doctors. He told us. 2. He hadnt said anything at the meeting. The fact surprised us.He told us that they were good doctors.The fact that he hadnt said anything at the meeting surprised us.總結(jié)：當(dāng)從句原來(lái)是陳述句時(shí)，變成名詞性從句用that引導(dǎo)。3.Does your sister g

13、et up early? I dont know. 4.Do animals have the same senses as humans? I often wonder. I dont know if/ whether your sister gets up early.I often wonder if/ whether animals have the same senses as humans.總結(jié)：當(dāng)從句原來(lái)是一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，變成名詞性從句用 if 或whether引導(dǎo)。5.When did he buy this new bike? Could you tell me? 6.My q

14、uestion is this. Where will the lecture be given?Could you tell me when he bought this new bike?My question is where the lecture will be given.總結(jié)：當(dāng)從句原來(lái)是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，變成名詞性從句還用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)，用陳述語(yǔ)序。疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句疑問(wèn)代詞：what, which, who, whose通常在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。疑問(wèn)副詞：when, where, why, how通常在從句中作狀語(yǔ)（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，原因狀語(yǔ)或方式狀語(yǔ)）。1.

15、疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。2. 任何情況下疑問(wèn)詞都不能省略。當(dāng)名詞性從句是由特殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)變而來(lái)時(shí)，我們用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。_ he said at the meeting confused everyone present.他在會(huì)上說(shuō)的話讓在場(chǎng)的每一個(gè)人都糊涂了。 疑問(wèn)代詞what在主語(yǔ)從句中作said的賓語(yǔ)。What 2. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him. 小孩的媽媽給他什么他就吃什么。 疑問(wèn)代詞whatever在賓語(yǔ)從句中作gave的賓語(yǔ)。3. The problem is _ I should turn to for help.問(wèn)題是

16、我應(yīng)該向誰(shuí)求助。疑問(wèn)代詞who/ whom在表語(yǔ)從句中作to的賓語(yǔ)。who/ whomwhatever4. _ we will go skating is up to you.我們什么時(shí)候去滑冰由你決定。 疑問(wèn)副詞when在主語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。5. There is a doubt _ they managed to travel to the moon.疑問(wèn)是他們?nèi)绾卧O(shè)法到地球上旅行的。疑問(wèn)副詞how在同位語(yǔ)從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)。howWhen what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),而that則不然,它在句子中只起連接作用例如：(1) What you said y

17、esterday is right.(2) That she is still alive is a wonder.what 與 that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句 注: 1. 同位語(yǔ)從句多用that引導(dǎo)2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句. I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.Grammar and usage (2)preparatory subject it Look at the following sentences and f

18、ind the real subject of each sentence.1. It is important for us to learn it well.2. It is important that we should learn English well today.3. It is no use wasting your time reading such books all day.名詞性從句中兩個(gè)易錯(cuò)問(wèn)題詞序問(wèn)題When will he go to Beijing is unknown.When he will go to Beijing is unknown.名詞性從句總是用陳述句語(yǔ)序。2. 時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題1) 如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí), 從句謂語(yǔ)可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時(shí)態(tài)。他相信他的夢(mèng)想總有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。He believes 請(qǐng)告訴我你昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么。Please tell me tha