必讀大學(xué)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(一)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔傾情為你奉上專(zhuān)心專(zhuān)注專(zhuān)業(yè)專(zhuān)心專(zhuān)注專(zhuān)業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔傾情為你奉上專(zhuān)心專(zhuān)注專(zhuān)業(yè) Oxford University Oxford University is the oldest university in Britain and one of the worlds most famous institutions of higher learning. Oxford University was established during the 1100s. It is located in Oxford, England, about 80 kilometers

2、northwest of London. The university has over 16,300 students (1999-2000), almost a quarter of these students are from overseas and more than 130 nationalities are represented. It consists of 35 colleges, plus five private halls established by various religious groups. Three of the five private halls

3、 are for men only. Of the colleges, St. Hildas and Somerville are for women, and the rest are for men and women. At Oxford, each college is a corporate body distinct from the university and is governed by its own head and fellows. Most fellows are college instructors called tutors, and the rest are

4、university professors and lecturers. Each college manages its own buildings and property, elects its own fellows, and selects and admits its own undergraduate students. The university provides some libraries, laboratories, and other facilities, but the colleges take primary responsibility for the te

5、aching and well-being of their students. Each student at Oxford is assigned to a tutor, who supervises the students program of study, primarily through tutorials. Tutorials are weekly meetings of one or two students with their tutor. Students may see other tutors for specialized instruction. They ma

6、y also attend lectures given by university teachers. Students choose which lectures to attend on the basis of their own special interests and on the advice of their tutors. The university, not the individual colleges, grants degrees. The first degree in the arts or sciences is the Bachelor of Arts w

7、ith honors. Oxford also grants higher degrees, diplomas, and certificates in a wide variety of subjects. The Rhodes scholarship program enables students from the United States, Canada, and many other nations to study at Oxford for a minimum of two years. The British government grants Marshall schola

8、rships to citizens of the United States for study at Oxford and other universities that are located in Britain. The competition for scholarships and grants is, however, extremely strong and there are usually strict requirements. Students should check carefully that they are eligible to apply for a p

9、articular scholarship before making an application as most of the schemes are restricted to certain nationalities and/or programs. The students and staff at Oxford are actively involved in over 55 initiatives (2001), including visits to more than 3,700 schools and colleges, to encourage the brightes

10、t and best students to apply to Oxford, whatever their background. The university has been named the UKs most innovative university in the Launchit 2001 competition, which aimed to discover which British university has demonstrated the greatest achievements in innovation and enterprise across the br

11、oadest range of activity. In the national Teaching Quality Assessment exercises for 2000, Oxford was awarded top marks in six out of ten subjects assessed. Oxford, Stanford and Yale Universities have recently become partners in a joint distance learning venture, the Alliance for Lifelong Learning, w

12、hich will provide online courses in the arts and sciences. The mission of Oxford is to aim at achieving and maintaining excellence in every area of its teaching and research, maintaining and developing its historical position as a world-class university, and enriching the international, national, an

13、d regional communities through the fruits of its research and the skills of its graduates. In support of this aim the university will provide the facilities and support for its staff to pursue innovative research by responding to developments in the intellectual environment and society at large; and

14、 promote challenging and rigorous teaching which benefits from a fruitful interaction with the research environment, facilitating the exchange of ideas through tutorials and small-group learning and exploiting the Universitys resources in its libraries, museums, and scientific collections, to equip

15、its graduates to play their part at a national and international level. （一）Answer the following questions with the information from the passage.1. How many international students are studying at Oxford?2.What does a tutor do?3. Are good students often granted a scholarship? Why or why not?4.Why did

16、the students and staff visit more than 3 700 schools and colleges in 2001?5. Would you like to study at Oxford University if you have an opportunity? List as many reasons as you can think of.（二）Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the passage. 1. The main

17、purpose of this passage is to _. A) provide scholarship information for Oxford applicants B) give an introduction to Oxford University in general C) explain the teaching and research systems of Oxford D) introduce the long history of Oxford2. The admission of an undergraduate student at Oxford is de

18、cided by _. A) the university B) a fellow C) a professor D) the college3. _ are eligible for Marshall scholarships. A) Only British students B) Only US students C) Only Canadian Students D) All students4. The passage tells us that Oxford makes an effort to _. A) get the best students to study at Oxf

19、ord B) provide its students with financial support C) elect the best candidates as its fellows D) ensure that every student has a tutor5. It can be inferred that _. A) Oxford has some of the best teachers in Britain B) some teachers at Oxford are not good enough C) Oxford and Stanford will be joined

20、 D) Oxford is the best university in the world譯文：牛津大學(xué)牛津大學(xué)是英國(guó)最古老的大學(xué)，也是世界最著名的高等學(xué)府。牛津大學(xué)始建于12世紀(jì)。它位于英格蘭的牛津，在倫敦西北約80公里處。牛津大學(xué)有16,300多名學(xué)生（19992000），其中留學(xué)生占將近四分之一。他們來(lái)自130多個(gè)國(guó)家。牛津大學(xué)有35個(gè)學(xué)院，還有5個(gè)由不同宗教團(tuán)體建立的私人學(xué)院。5個(gè)私人學(xué)院中，有3個(gè)只招男生。學(xué)院中，圣希爾達(dá)和薩默維爾學(xué)院只收女生，其他均為男女兼收。牛津的每個(gè)學(xué)院都是獨(dú)立于大學(xué)的實(shí)體，由該學(xué)院的院長(zhǎng)和管委會(huì)成員負(fù)責(zé)管理。部分管委會(huì)成員都稱(chēng)為導(dǎo)師的學(xué)院教師，其余的是大學(xué)

21、教授和講師。每個(gè)學(xué)院管理自己的房產(chǎn)和資產(chǎn)，遴選自己的管委會(huì)，選擇和招收自己的本科生。大學(xué)提供某些圖書(shū)館、實(shí)驗(yàn)室和其他設(shè)施，但教學(xué)和學(xué)生生活主要由各學(xué)院負(fù)責(zé)。牛津大學(xué)給每個(gè)學(xué)生指定一個(gè)導(dǎo)師，他主要通過(guò)輔導(dǎo)課監(jiān)督學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)。導(dǎo)師每周和1到2名學(xué)生見(jiàn)面一次，學(xué)生如需專(zhuān)業(yè)指導(dǎo)，還可以去約見(jiàn)其他的導(dǎo)師，也可選聽(tīng)大學(xué)老師講授的課程。學(xué)生選聽(tīng)什么課程是根據(jù)自己的興趣和導(dǎo)師的建議而定的。學(xué)位由大學(xué)授予，而不是各個(gè)學(xué)院。最低文科或理科學(xué)位是優(yōu)等文學(xué)學(xué)士。牛津還在其他眾多學(xué)科領(lǐng)域授予最高的學(xué)位，頒發(fā)文憑和證書(shū)。羅茲德獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金面向美國(guó)、加拿大和很多其他國(guó)家的學(xué)生，為他們提供至少兩年的牛津?qū)W習(xí)費(fèi)用。英國(guó)政府為在牛津和其

22、他英國(guó)境內(nèi)的大學(xué)里求學(xué)的美國(guó)公民提供馬歇爾獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。然而，獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和助學(xué)金的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)極其激烈，而且通常要求很?chē)?yán)。學(xué)生們?cè)谏暾?qǐng)某一項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金之前應(yīng)仔細(xì)核查是否有資格，因?yàn)槎鄶?shù)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金對(duì)學(xué)生國(guó)籍和（或）課程都有限制。牛津師生員工積極參與主動(dòng)招生的活動(dòng)，2001年這種活動(dòng)有55項(xiàng)以上，包括走訪(fǎng)3,700所中學(xué)，以鼓勵(lì)優(yōu)秀學(xué)生報(bào)考牛津大學(xué)，而不管其背景如何。在2001年度的創(chuàng)新競(jìng)賽中，牛津大學(xué)被授予英國(guó)最具創(chuàng)新精神的大學(xué)稱(chēng)號(hào)。該競(jìng)賽旨在發(fā)現(xiàn)哪一所英國(guó)大學(xué)在最廣的領(lǐng)域內(nèi)取得了創(chuàng)新和進(jìn)取的最大成就。在2000年全英教學(xué)質(zhì)量評(píng)估中，牛津在所評(píng)估的10個(gè)科目中有6科得分高居榜首。牛津、斯坦福和耶魯三所大學(xué)最近合作開(kāi)發(fā)了

23、遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目終生學(xué)習(xí)聯(lián)盟，該項(xiàng)目將提供文科和理科的在線(xiàn)課程。牛津的使命是在教學(xué)和研究的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域達(dá)到并保持領(lǐng)先地位，保持和加強(qiáng)其世界名校的歷史地位，通過(guò)其研究成果和畢業(yè)生的技能促進(jìn)地區(qū)、全國(guó)和全球的發(fā)展。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)，學(xué)校將針對(duì)知識(shí)環(huán)境和整個(gè)社會(huì)發(fā)展的需要，為員工提供進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新研究所需的設(shè)施和支持；提倡既富革新精神又嚴(yán)格認(rèn)真的教學(xué)，使教學(xué)與研究環(huán)境卓有成效地互動(dòng)從而推動(dòng)教學(xué)；通過(guò)導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)和小組學(xué)習(xí)加速思想的交流，通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)學(xué)校圖書(shū)館、博物館以及科學(xué)收藏方面參考答案：（一）1、About 4 000 international students are studying at Oxford.2、A

24、 tutor supervises the students course of study and meets with them every week.3、Not necessarily. Because most of the scholarships are restricted to certain nationalities and / or courses.4、They visited those schools in order to encourage the brightest and best students to apply to Oxford.5、Open.（二）1

25、.B, 2.D, 3.B, 4.A, 5.A Your Dream Job: A Click Away Less than a month from graduation day, Theresa Smith of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, had yet to find the right job. The career placement center referred the liberal-arts major to JOB-TRAK, an Internet site listing 45,000 entry-lev

26、el positions. Smith selected four keywords: Chicago, business, marketing and full-time. Immediately she found 45 jobs meeting her criteria, including one as an assistant to an administrator at the University of Chicagos business school. Four weeks later she was hired at a starting salary of $32,000.

27、 “I had no training,” says Smith, “but the Internet was extremely easy to use. Id never have known about this job without it.” Smith is one American who clicked her way into a job. Steven Tools is another. In 1996, the Rockville, Md., resident came across an employment site named CareerBuilder. He h

28、ad just been promoted to director of marketing for a company that produces tradeshow exhibits and wasnt looking for a job. But curious, he decided to “give it a try.” Tools filled out a profile with the keywords marketing manager and entered his electronic-mail address. Within a week his computers m

29、ailbox was filling up with available positions. Two interviews later he jumped to a new job. “The Internet is like hiring a personal assistant,” says Tools. “Effortlessly you can become aware of opportunities that may elevate your career.” Even a couple of years ago, most job listings on the Interne

30、t were in high-tech fields. Today, non-technical jobs salesclerks, bank tellers, secretaries, for example are the fastest growing segment of Internet employment opportunities. Most major newspapers and trade publications have online versions of their classified listings, enabling job-seekers to scan

31、 for work available across town, in another state, or around the world. Madeline Gragg and Nedzad Dozlic are still another two who clicked their luck online. In 1996, Madeline Gragg, a 28-year-old high school teacher from St. Louis, wanted a change. When a friend mentioned teaching English in Japan,

32、 Gragg was intrigued. She visited the popular Yahoo! website and typed teaching English in Japan for a list of employment opportunities. She then followed the procedure for the online application. A week later she received a call and set up an interview with a recruiter in Chicago and got the job. N

33、edzad Dozlic, 27 years old, was scanning the Houston Chronicles Web site for the latest baseball trades. While online, he decided to check out the classifieds and spotted a job for a driver at a local car dealership. A refugee of the war in Bosnia, Dozlic had had a variety of jobs but was now ready

34、for something new. He read more about the position on the dealers Internet site and called the number listed. Two days later he was hired. “Its really funny,” he says, “I was just checking sports, and I ended up with a better job.” Another valuable use of the Internet is to research potential employ

35、ers. When Wendy Mello started her job search in the summer of 1997, she logged on to CareerBuilder, where she learned of a human resources opening at Arbitrons, a media-information-services company in Columbia, Maryland. With a click of her mouse, Mello sent her rsum to the company via e-mail and so

36、on received an invitation for an interview. To find out more about the company, she clicked on to Artitrons home page and that of its parent company, Ceridian Corp., where she reviewed an annual report and the companys financial performance. Mello also wanted to know how much shed have to earn to ma

37、intain her present standard of living. Using an online salary calculator, she typed in her current salary, $34,000, and Baltimore (the nearest big city to Columbia). Within seconds her computer flashed $44,000. “Because of the salary calculator, I knew what to ask for,” says Mello. By accessing an o

38、nline real estate service, she saw color photos of rental properties, including detailed floor plans. When Mello arrived in Columbia, she felt completely prepared. The interview was a success, and the next day she was offered a job at a salary of $47,800. “The Internet is easy to use and it works,”

39、says one job seeker, “What more could you want?” （一）.Answer the following questions with the information from the passage.1. What is JOB-TRAK? 2.Does one need to have a lot of knowledge about the Internet before using it?3. Why did Gragg apply to teach English in Japan?4.What preparations did Mello

40、make before she went for her interview?5. Compare job-seeking on the Internet and job-seeking on newspapers or at job markets. What are the strengths and limitations of each?（二） Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the passage.1. Which of the following bes

41、t summarizes the main idea of the passage? A) The Internet can help one find an overseas job. B) The Internet can give one information about all companies. C) One can find a better job with the help of the Internet. D) There are many employment websites one can turn to for help.2. To click ones way

42、into a job means _. A) to find a job by searching the Internet B) to get a job by clicking a mouse C) to access the job website D) to know the way to do ones job3. It can be inferred that _ . A) originally only job vacancies in high-tech fields were listed on the Internet B) most newspapers and publ

43、ications dont have a section of classified listings C) many companies are using the Internet as their management assistants D) many people can get a job offer now without going through an interview4. Dozlic found a better job _. A) while browsing a website for baseball trades B) by casually checking

44、 out an online classified ad C) because of his curiosity about the Internet D) because of the experience he obtained from other jobs5. Mello searched the Internet for all the following information except _. A) job vacancies B) a companys financial performance C) the minimum salary D) rental properti

45、es譯文：鼠標(biāo)輕點(diǎn)，美夢(mèng)成真還有不到一個(gè)月就要畢業(yè)了，特里薩史密斯還沒(méi)找到合適的工作，她就讀于位于伊利諾州埃文斯頓的西北大學(xué)。就業(yè)指導(dǎo)中心建議這位文科生去查查JOB-TRAK網(wǎng)站，該網(wǎng)站上列出了45,000個(gè)初級(jí)水平的職位。史密斯選擇了四個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞：Chicago（芝加哥），business（商務(wù)），marketing（營(yíng)銷(xiāo)），full time（全職）。她馬上就找到45個(gè)工作合乎她的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其中一個(gè)是芝加哥商業(yè)學(xué)院行政助理。四個(gè)星期以后，她得到了這份工作，底薪32,000美元?！拔覜](méi)有受過(guò)任何訓(xùn)練，”史密斯說(shuō)，“但因特網(wǎng)使用很簡(jiǎn)單。要是沒(méi)有因特網(wǎng)，我根本不會(huì)知道有這份工作?！辈簧倜绹?guó)人鼠標(biāo)一點(diǎn)，

46、就找到了自己的工作。史密斯是其中一個(gè)，另一個(gè)例子是斯蒂芬圖爾斯。他住在馬里蘭州的羅科維爾，1996年無(wú)意中進(jìn)到一個(gè)招聘網(wǎng)站CareerBuilder。他在一家生產(chǎn)商展展品的公司工作，剛被提升為營(yíng)銷(xiāo)總管，并不想換工作。但是出于好奇心，他決定“試試看”。圖爾斯填寫(xiě)了一份簡(jiǎn)歷，關(guān)鍵詞是market manager（行銷(xiāo)經(jīng)理），并輸入了自己的電子郵箱地址。不到一個(gè)星期，他的郵箱里就塞滿(mǎn)了可供選擇的職位。他去了兩家公司面試，然后就跳槽了?！坝辛艘蛱鼐W(wǎng)，就像雇了一個(gè)私人助理，”圖爾斯說(shuō)?！澳憧梢院敛毁M(fèi)勁地留意到一些機(jī)會(huì)，讓你的事業(yè)上一個(gè)新臺(tái)階?！眱H在兩年以前，因特網(wǎng)上提供的工作絕大部分還局限于高科技領(lǐng)域。

47、現(xiàn)在，非技術(shù)性的工作，如售貨員、銀行職員、秘書(shū)等，是網(wǎng)上招聘機(jī)會(huì)增長(zhǎng)最為迅速的部分。大型報(bào)紙和專(zhuān)業(yè)出版物的分類(lèi)廣告大多都有在線(xiàn)版，求職者能搜索到市內(nèi)、國(guó)內(nèi)甚至國(guó)外的一些工作機(jī)會(huì)。馬德琳格拉格和內(nèi)德扎德多茲里克也是通過(guò)輕點(diǎn)鼠標(biāo)，在網(wǎng)上碰到了好運(yùn)。1996年，圣路易斯的一名高中老師，28歲的馬德琳格拉格，想換個(gè)工作。有個(gè)朋友提到在日本教書(shū)的事，格拉格很感興趣。她訪(fǎng)問(wèn)了著名的yahoo！網(wǎng)站，輸入了teaching English in Japan（在日本教英語(yǔ)），找到了一個(gè)招聘機(jī)會(huì)的列表，然后按照在線(xiàn)申請(qǐng)的要求提交了申請(qǐng)。一星期后，她接到一個(gè)電話(huà)，與芝加哥的一名招聘人員進(jìn)行了面試，得到了這份工作。

48、 27歲的內(nèi)德扎德多茲里克，當(dāng)時(shí)在瀏覽Houston Chronicle網(wǎng)站，了解最新的棒球消息。在線(xiàn)時(shí)，他查看了分類(lèi)廣告，發(fā)現(xiàn)一家當(dāng)?shù)氐钠?chē)交易商招聘司機(jī)。多茲里克是波斯尼亞的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)難民，曾從事過(guò)多種不同的工作，但現(xiàn)在他想換個(gè)工作。他從該交易商的網(wǎng)站上了解了該職位的更多情況，然后撥通了上面提供的電話(huà)。兩天后，他被雇用了?！罢嬗幸馑迹彼f(shuō)，“我本來(lái)只是在查看體育消息，結(jié)果卻找到了一份更好的工作?！币蛱鼐W(wǎng)的另一個(gè)好處在于你能夠搜索到一些可能的雇主。1997年夏天，溫蒂梅洛開(kāi)始找工作，她登錄到CareerBuilder網(wǎng)站，發(fā)現(xiàn)在馬里蘭州哥倫比亞的Artitron媒體信息服務(wù)公司的人力資源部有一個(gè)

49、空缺。梅洛鼠標(biāo)一點(diǎn)，用電子郵件把簡(jiǎn)歷寄到了該公司，很快就收到面試通知。為了了解該公司的更多情況，她又點(diǎn)擊了Artitron的主頁(yè)，以及它的母公司Ceridian Corp.的主頁(yè)，查看了一份該公司的年度報(bào)告及其財(cái)政狀況。梅洛還想了解，要想維持現(xiàn)有的生活水平，自己該賺多少錢(qián)。她使用在線(xiàn)薪酬計(jì)算器，把自己目前的收入$34,000輸進(jìn)去，再輸入Baltimore（巴爾的摩，離哥倫比亞最近的大城市）。短短幾秒鐘后，電腦屏幕上就閃現(xiàn)出$44,000?！耙?yàn)橛辛诉@個(gè)薪酬計(jì)算器，我才知道自己該要多少薪水，”梅洛說(shuō)。通過(guò)上網(wǎng)進(jìn)入一家在線(xiàn)房地產(chǎn)服務(wù)公司網(wǎng)站，梅洛看到了可供租用的房子的彩色照片，包括很詳細(xì)的樓面格

50、局圖。梅洛來(lái)到哥倫比亞時(shí)，她覺(jué)得自己完全做好了準(zhǔn)備。面試成功了，第二天，她就得到了一份工作，薪金是47,8000美元?！耙蛱鼐W(wǎng)很容易使用，而且確實(shí)有效，”一個(gè)求職者說(shuō)道，“你還要什么呢？” 參考答案：（一）1、It is an Internet website that lists as many as 45 000 job opportunities.2、Not necessarily so. According to Smith, the Internet was very easy to use. She found her job online with no training.3、B

51、ecause she wanted a change in her life.4、She searched the Internet for information about the financial performance of the company she was interested in, the salary she should ask for, and the possible living accommodations available to her there.5、Open.（二）1.C, 2.A, 3.A, 4.A, 5.C The Victim You could

52、 call me a shop-a-holic, as most of my friends do, but I call myself a lover of fashion. Sitting in my room, I look in my closet at all my belongings and wonder what else I want to buy. Abercrombie, Guess, J Crew and Ralph Lauren are just a few of the name-brand items that clutter my room. And I wan

53、t more. Ive never stopped to question whether Im getting what Im paying for, though Ive always been a smart shopper, a sale shopper. But, as I learn more about my future field, marketing, I realize that I am a victim of advertising. All the things I want and buy are influenced by what magazines, tel

54、evision, and other advertisers tell me I need to buy. Everyone wears clothes. They can be a statement, a style, or a definition of who you are. They can also be a simple necessity. For me, clothing has meant different things. As a child, I wore what my mother gave me or the hand-me-downs from my sis

55、ter. I never questioned how I looked, but I liked to dress up. In middle school, I became more concerned with my appearance, like most girls. But as I progressed to high school, advertising became a big influence. Boys began to notice girls, and all the girls wanted to look good. The clothing in hig

56、h school became something that defined you; it identified you with a certain group. Wearing Abercrombie jeans meant you were the preppy all-American girl, a Guess shirt meant you were the snobby rich girl, and anything worse or less than that was unacceptable. In college, advertising hit me in a dif

57、ferent way. College is a place where typically no one knows you at first, so you can be whoever you want to be. There are so many students and such a variety of people that clothing begins to define you less and less and your personality begins to define you more and more. Everyone is growing and ch

58、anging and beginning to learn who they really are. Yet my friends and I still turn to advertising, now not only to stay in fashion but more so to find our own style. In my quest for identity, the style of clothing I choose reflects me. It shows my personality and shows what type of person I am. Desp

59、ite my choice to have my clothing reflect and not define me, I remain a victim of advertising. Although I look to ads for the upcoming styles, I am still affected by the underlying images behind them. Advertising reflects society and also adds to societal definitions. Advertisers show us people arou

60、nd us, yet they choose only a certain look. By showing us just these people, they are defining those few as the beautiful people. Advertising feeds off human insecurities and makes us want to be like these beautiful people. Our insecurities with wanting to be popular and wanting to be loved are used