快速公交系統(tǒng)在中國(guó)的發(fā)展ppt課件

1、Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Developments in China快速公交系統(tǒng)在中國(guó)的開展何東全 劉岱宗 宇恒可繼續(xù)交通研討中心威廉與佛羅拉.休立特基金會(huì) 暨 能源基金會(huì)支持He Dongquan Liu DaizongChina Sustainable Transportation Center Supported by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and the Energy FoundationChina Planning Network 1st Urban Transportation Congress Au

2、gust 3, 2007, Visit us at About Us 關(guān)于我們The China Sustainable Transportation Center is a non-governmental, non-profit organization founded and supported by The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and The Energy Foundation. 宇恒可繼續(xù)交通研討中心(CSTC)是一個(gè)民間非營(yíng)利組織，由威廉與佛洛拉.休利特基金會(huì)與美國(guó)能源基金會(huì)提供支持。Our Missio

3、n is “To help Chinas cities design and implement sustainable, multi-modal urban transportation systems, particularly bus rapid transit. 宇恒可繼續(xù)交通研討中心的目的是：協(xié)助國(guó)內(nèi)城市設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施可繼續(xù)的、多元方式的城市交通系統(tǒng)，特別是快速公交(BRT)系統(tǒng)。CSTC are working in , Kunming, Hangzhou, Jinan, Xian,Shenzhen and Hefei to help develop and implement BRT

4、 systems .目前，宇恒可繼續(xù)交通研討中心正在北京、昆明、杭州、濟(jì)南、西安、深圳和合肥等城市開展任務(wù)協(xié)助開展、設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施當(dāng)?shù)氐目焖俟幌到y(tǒng)。 Please visit us at 請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)我們的網(wǎng)址 Overview 概要Background背景Problems of Urban Transport 城市交通的問(wèn)題Why BRT 為什么選擇快速公交 BRT Systems in China 中國(guó)快速公交系統(tǒng)Summary總結(jié)About Us關(guān)于我們Source: Tsinghua University, State Council DRCU.S. Current L

5、evel 美國(guó)當(dāng)前程度High Growth Scenario (12%/year)Low Growth Scenario (8.8%/year)Vehicle Ownership (millions)Background 背景Motorization 城市機(jī)動(dòng)化Source: IEAMillion barrels per day (mbd)Oil Use in China中國(guó)原油耗費(fèi)By 2020, China will import 76.9% of its oil demandEnergy Issue 能源問(wèn)題Background 背景Severe Traffic Congestion

6、嚴(yán)重的交通擁堵Background 背景Public Transit shrink 公交系統(tǒng)萎縮Share of Public Transit decreased 公交出行分擔(dān)率下降Low Operation Speed 公交運(yùn)營(yíng)速度低Low Service level 公交效力程度低Passengers Trip rate of Shanghai 上海出行分擔(dān)比率0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%19902000YearPercentageBy Bus公交出行By Car 小汽車出行Background 背景Background 背景空氣污染 Serious Air P

7、ollutionsBackground 背景空氣污染 Serious Air PollutionsCO2 Reducing Crisis 二氧化碳污染日益嚴(yán)重Background 背景03006009001200150018002000200520212021202020252030 CO2 Emissions (million metric tons)Kyoto Target公用的路權(quán)改良型的公交車輛設(shè)備齊備的車站多樣化線路與城市用地的嚴(yán)密結(jié)合功能齊全的配套設(shè)備合理的票價(jià)體系完善的管理機(jī)構(gòu)快速公交系統(tǒng)是利用改良型的公交車輛，運(yùn)營(yíng)在公用道路空間上，堅(jiān)持軌道交通運(yùn)營(yíng)特性且具備普通公交靈敏性的一種

8、快捷的公共交通方式Why BRT in China為什么選擇快速公交Why BRT in China為什么選擇快速公交集約化的土地利用方式Intensive land UseLow Environmental Impacts低污染W(wǎng)hy BRT 為什么選擇快速公交Enhance the efficiency of urban resources usage 高效的城市交通資源利用Improve the quality of public transit 提升公交效力程度Increase the share of public transit trips添加公交出行比例Attract priva

9、te transportation to public transit吸引小汽車出行Social equity推進(jìn)社會(huì)公平BRT Development in China 中國(guó)的快速公交系統(tǒng)廣州成都重慶西安大連沈陽(yáng)濟(jì)南天津石家莊蘇州常州上海杭州福州廈門深圳南寧北京太原 BRT 北京快速公交 (Source: BRT Company, 2006)Southern Axis BRT Line 1 南中軸快速公交1號(hào)線Opened Dec 30, 2005 22005年12月30日投入運(yùn)營(yíng)18 month implementation18個(gè)月的建立期New Operation Company新的運(yùn)營(yíng)

10、公司Low Investment US$ 4million/km infrastructure低投資-每公里造價(jià)3000萬(wàn)人民幣13.6km exclusive Center busway and 19 stations 13.6公里中央硬隔離公交公用道，共設(shè)站臺(tái)19座New 18m articulated vehicles, low floor and use diesel 18米長(zhǎng)，低底板柴油鉸接車輛 BRT 北京快速公交 (Source: BRT Company, 2006)Southern Axis BRT Line 1南中軸快速公交1號(hào)線Average Daily Boarding

11、- 90,000 (Highest to 200,000+)平均日乘客 9萬(wàn)人次 最高日超20萬(wàn)人次Operation Speed 22km/h in peak hour and 26km/h off peak 運(yùn)營(yíng)速度 頂峰22公里/小時(shí)，平峰速度26公里/小時(shí)Reliable Services 90% on schedule 可靠的效力 約90%車輛準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)抵達(dá)Level Boarding, Off-board fare collection 程度登降，站臺(tái)售檢票Flat Fare: US$0.12 (can be lowed to US$0.04 by IC card)一票制：1元每人次運(yùn)用

12、IC卡可打4折 BRT 北京快速公交 (Source: BRT Company, 2006)Southern Axis BRT Line 1南中軸快速公交1號(hào)線Frequency of service on peak is 1 min headway (2-3min off-peak) 頂峰的發(fā)車頻率約為1分鐘(平峰為2-3分鐘)Transit Signal Priority 公交信號(hào)優(yōu)先Advanced Scheduling Dispatch System, Automatic Vehicle Location, Passenger Information and video monitor

13、ing先進(jìn)的發(fā)車系統(tǒng)、車輛定位系統(tǒng)、乘客信息與可視監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)Integration with other mode Metro, Normal Bus Services and Pedestrians與其它出行方式的整合：地鐵、普通公交、行人Image Courtesy of BRT Company BRT 北京快速公交 (Source: BRT Company, 2006)Future Plan 未來(lái)規(guī)劃阜石路安立路回龍觀居住區(qū)天通苑居住區(qū)南中軸路亦莊經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)區(qū)黃村朝陽(yáng)路CBD中央商務(wù)區(qū)Jinan BRT Plan 濟(jì)南快速公交 (Source: Jinan PWD, 2006)Jinan B

14、RT Network 濟(jì)南快速公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)BRT Network 快速公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)Opening System開放式快速公交系統(tǒng)BRT as backbone 快速公交系統(tǒng)作為公共主干網(wǎng)絡(luò)Start 03/2005, operation 12/ 2007始于05年3月，估計(jì)07年12月開工2 corridors with 3 routes 2條快速公交走廊,3條線路Government founded 政府投資15 km center busway, 26.2km routes and 42 station 15公里中央公用道, 線路總長(zhǎng)26.2km,共設(shè)車站42座平均站間距640米Image Cou

15、rtesy of Jinan PWD Jinan BRT Plan 濟(jì)南快速公交 (Source: Jinan PWD, 2006)Jinan BRT Network 濟(jì)南快速公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)18m, double side door, articulated vehicles, low floor and use diesel 18米低底板兩側(cè)開門鉸接柴油車Short term design capacity 10,000 pdph (20,000 pdph for long term) and proposed Operation speed 22km/h 近期設(shè)計(jì)單向小時(shí)通行才干1萬(wàn)人遠(yuǎn)期2萬(wàn)人

16、，設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度大于22公里/小時(shí)Reliable services 90% on schedule with 2-5 min peak period headway 可靠效力 90%的車輛準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)頂峰小時(shí)車頭間距2-5分鐘Off-board fare collection and level boarding 站臺(tái)售檢票，程度登降Image Courtesy of Jinan PWD Hangzhou BRT 杭州快速公交(Source: Hangzhou Mass Transit Group, 2006)BRT Line B1 快速公交B1線Opened April 26, 2006 6年4月2

17、6日開場(chǎng)運(yùn)營(yíng)16 month planning and construction 共16個(gè)月的規(guī)劃與建立期Government founded 政府投資28 km dedicated right lane with minimal physical separation (bus lane width is 3.5m) 28公里路側(cè)軟隔離3.5米公用道Average station distance 1.17km平均站距1.17公里New domestic made 18m articulated vehicles, low floor and use diesel18米長(zhǎng)，低底板柴油鉸接車H

18、angzhou BRT 杭州快速公交(Source: Hangzhou Mass Transit Group, 2006)BRT Line B1 快速公交B1線Average daily boarding - 40,000(Highest to 50,000+) 平均日乘客量4萬(wàn)人次 (最高達(dá)5萬(wàn)人次)Operation speed 25km/h運(yùn)營(yíng)速度 25公里/小時(shí)Peak Headway 3min (off-peak 5 min) 頂峰車頭時(shí)距3分鐘平峰5分鐘Off-board Fare Collection and Level Boarding 站臺(tái)售檢票和程度登乘Flat Fare:

19、 US$0.50 (50% discount by IC Card) 一票制：4塊錢每人次 運(yùn)用IC卡有5折優(yōu)惠Opening system 開放式系統(tǒng)Hangzhou BRT 杭州快速公交(Source: Hangzhou Mass Transit Group, 2006)Future Plan 未來(lái)規(guī)劃Images Courtesy of Hangzhou Mass Transit GroupOthers 其它城市Kunming (Spring City) 春城昆明Chengdu (Pandas Hometown)熊貓故土成都Xian (Qin-Soldiers Hometown)秦俑西安

20、Shenzhen (Window of China) 中國(guó)新貌深圳Image Courtesy of Cnwest Problems and Discussions問(wèn)題與討論Ensure “Prioritizing of Public Transit 確?！肮粌?yōu)先Ensure “right of way 路權(quán)Terminals and Stations 場(chǎng)站用地Investment 投資Preference Policies 政策支持Problems and Discussions問(wèn)題與討論Establish BRT as a Component for ONE SYSTEM 確認(rèn)BRT是公

21、交系統(tǒng)的有機(jī)組成部分Plan and Design BRT with Systematically view 以系統(tǒng)的觀念進(jìn)展設(shè)計(jì) Guiding the public transit system reform 自動(dòng)推進(jìn)公交的整體改革，引導(dǎo)普通公交線網(wǎng)的優(yōu)化Integrate walking and bicycling, enhance the accessibilities 整合慢行系統(tǒng)，確保良好的可達(dá)性TOD 整合土地利用，引導(dǎo)城市開展Problems and Discussions問(wèn)題與討論Infrastructure, operation, and management go tog

22、ether 設(shè)備規(guī)劃建立，運(yùn)營(yíng)和管理必需同時(shí)思索More than putting devices in somewhere 不僅僅是設(shè)備Mutually impacts 三者相互影響InfrastructureExclusive bus lanesTransfer stationsConventional StationsServicesTrunk Services current expressFeeding servicesAuxiliary ServicesInstitutional and operations management Technical management Effi

23、cient high capacity operating system Comercial speeds over 20 km/h Eletronic fare colection system Control system New modern busesProblems and Discussions問(wèn)題與討論More detailed quantified analysis for decision making 經(jīng)過(guò)更科學(xué)的量化分析進(jìn)展規(guī)劃和決策Demand and rideship decide the design 需求決議體系設(shè)計(jì)Demand estimation comes from survey, modeling, o