美國支持農(nóng)場主合作社的公共戰(zhàn)略ppt課件

1、United States Public Strategies for Support for Farmer Cooperatives美國支持農(nóng)場主協(xié)作社的公共戰(zhàn)略Presentation to the Workshop on Cooperatives , China April 12-14, 2006Dr. John R. Dunn約翰敦 協(xié)作社研討會發(fā)言稿，中國北京，2006年4月1214RURAL DEVELOPMENTCOOPERATIVES PROGRAM鄉(xiāng)村開展協(xié)作社方案PART ONE PUBLIC POLICY AND SUPPORT FOR COOPERATVES第1部分-支

2、持協(xié)作社的公共政策Definition of a cooperative 協(xié)作社的定義Status of Cooperatives 協(xié)作社的現(xiàn)狀I(lǐng)ncorporation 組成Support services 支持效力Financial Services 財務(wù)效力Privately Owned Cooperative:私有協(xié)作社：Is a voluntary association of farmers是農(nóng)場主自愿組成的協(xié)會Is a raising farmers income enterprise是提高農(nóng)場主收入的企業(yè)Is not a government-run enterprise不是政

3、府運(yùn)營的企業(yè)Modern Privately Owned Cooperative Principles 現(xiàn)代私有協(xié)作社的原那么1. The User-Owner Principle: Those who own and finance the cooperative are those who use the cooperative. 運(yùn)用者-擁有者原那么: 誰擁有協(xié)作社并負(fù)擔(dān)其經(jīng)費(fèi)誰就運(yùn)用它。2. The User-Control Principle: Those who control the cooperative are those who use the cooperative. 運(yùn)

4、用者- 控制原那么：誰運(yùn)用協(xié)作社誰就控制它。3. The User-Benefits Principle: The cooperativespurpose is to provide and distribute benefits to its users on the basis of their use. 運(yùn)用者- 利益原那么：協(xié)作社的目的是根據(jù)運(yùn)用協(xié)作社情況向運(yùn)用者提供和分配利潤。Role of U.S. Government with Agricultural Cooperatives美國政府在農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)作社中的作用Cooperatives are regulated the same w

5、ay as other businesses. 對協(xié)作社管理方式與其它經(jīng)濟(jì)體一樣。Cooperatives are allowed special tax treatment, if they chose to follow certain rules. 假設(shè)協(xié)作社運(yùn)營遵照一定規(guī)定，那么允許享用特殊稅收待遇。Government helps with cooperative starts through technical assistance research, and education 政府經(jīng)過技術(shù)支持、研討和培訓(xùn)協(xié)助啟動協(xié)作社。Government helps with very li

6、mited funding programs 政府僅僅提供非常有限的資金。No official national definition of cooperatives 對協(xié)作社沒有全國一致的官方定義。Incorporation/registration is at the State level 在州一級構(gòu)成法人組織/注冊。INCOME TAX TREATMENT所得稅待遇Single tax treatment for: 對于以下資金享有單一稅待遇：Patronage refunds 補(bǔ)助性退款Per-unit retains 單位提留True whether cooperative re

7、turns these funds as cash or retains them as capital 無論協(xié)作社以現(xiàn)金方式返還這些資金還是保管這些資金作為資本都是正確的Other income taxed twice 其它的所得稅翻番SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST ACT 謝爾曼反托拉斯法Individual businesses that conspire to restrain or monopolize trade are guilty of a criminal felony 個別企業(yè)企圖抑制或壟斷買賣是嚴(yán)重違法。Supreme Court - Only “unreasona

8、ble agreements are forbidden but some actions, such as fixing prices, are so clearly anti-competitive that they are unreasonable per se 最高法院-僅制止“不合理的協(xié)議，但是有些行為，例如固定價錢，很顯然是反競爭的，本質(zhì)上說，它們是不合理的。CAPPER-VOLSTEAD ACT-1926沃爾斯坦德法-1926Agricultural producers may act together in associations農(nóng)產(chǎn)消費(fèi)者可以經(jīng)過協(xié)會方式結(jié)合起來。To c

9、ollectively process, prepare for market, handle, and market agricultural products they produce對他們消費(fèi)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)展銷售前的集中處置、預(yù)備和銷售。QUALIFICATION STANDARDSFOR CAPPER VOLSTEAD PROTECTION受沃爾斯坦德法維護(hù)的資歷規(guī)范 Membership limited to agricultural producers會員必需是農(nóng)業(yè)消費(fèi)者。Operates to benefit members as producers其運(yùn)營是為了使得作為消費(fèi)者的會員受

10、害。One member-one vote or 8 percent cap on stock dividends一個會員一票或者對于股票股息有8%的上限。Value of products handled for members must exceed that of nonmember products會員運(yùn)營的產(chǎn)品的價值必需超越那些非會員產(chǎn)品的價值。PROTECTED CONDUCT被維護(hù)的市場行為Agreements on prices and terms of sale價錢協(xié)議和銷售條件Select the extent of joint marketing (bargaining,

11、 selling, processing)選擇結(jié)合營銷的范圍議價，出賣，加工Cooperation with other cooperatives與其它協(xié)作社的協(xié)作Achieving substantial market share得到真實(shí)的市場份額UNPROTECTED CONDUCT不受維護(hù)的市場行為Agreements with non-producers與非消費(fèi)者的協(xié)議Acquisitions of non-cooperative firms獲取非協(xié)作社企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品Predatory conduct掠奪性市場行為Undue price enhancement (Sec. 2 of Cap

12、per-Volstead)不適當(dāng)?shù)奶醿r沃爾斯坦德法第二部分ORGANIZATION OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREMike Johanns, Secretary美國農(nóng)業(yè)部Mike Johanna, 部長Department (Secretary) 部 部長Mission Areas (Under Secretary) 職責(zé)范圍 副部長Rural Development 農(nóng)業(yè)開發(fā)Natural Resources and Environment 自然資源和環(huán)境Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services 農(nóng)場和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品外銷

13、效力Research, Education, and Economics 研討、培訓(xùn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Food Nutrition and Consumer Services 食品營養(yǎng)和消費(fèi)者效力Food Safety 食品平安Marketing and Regulatory Services 營銷和調(diào)理性效力Organization of the Rural Development Mission AreaThomas P. Dorr, Under Secretary 農(nóng)業(yè)開發(fā)部門的職責(zé)范圍Thomas P.Dorr, 副部長Rural Housing 鄉(xiāng)村住房供應(yīng)Rural Utilities 鄉(xiāng)村

14、公用事業(yè)Rural Business and Cooperatives 鄉(xiāng)村商業(yè)和協(xié)作社Operating Structure of USDA Rural Development美國農(nóng)業(yè)部鄉(xiāng)村開展部門的機(jī)構(gòu)National Office (Washington, DC) 聯(lián)邦政府辦公室 華盛頓特區(qū)State Offices (47) 州辦公室47Sub State offices 州辦公室下屬辦公室Regional offices 地域辦公室6000 employees 6000名雇員To promote understanding and use of the cooperative for

15、m of business as a viable organizational option for marketing and distributing agricultural products. “協(xié)作社是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品營銷和流通一種可行的組織方式，推進(jìn)對這種運(yùn)營方式的了解和運(yùn)用Cooperatives Program Mission 協(xié)作社開展規(guī)劃cooperative development協(xié)作社的開展current programs目前的方案technical assistance技術(shù)援助cooperative development協(xié)作社的開展current programs目前的方案

16、technical assistance技援research研討cooperative development協(xié)作社的開展current programs目前的方案technical assistance技援research研討education and information培訓(xùn)和信息cooperative development協(xié)作社的開展current programs目前的方案technical assistance技援research研討education and information培訓(xùn)和信息statistics統(tǒng)計cooperative development協(xié)作社的開展cur

17、rent programs目前的方案technical assistance技援research研討education and information培訓(xùn)和信息statistics統(tǒng)計International Assistance國際援助cooperative development協(xié)作社的開展current programs目前的方案Technical Assistance技援Research研討Education and Information培訓(xùn)和信息Statistics統(tǒng)計International Assistance國際援助Funding Programs融資方案Cooperat

18、ive Development協(xié)作社的開展Current Programs 目前方案Assist interested groups of producers organize new cooperatives. 協(xié)助感興趣的消費(fèi)者群體組建新的協(xié)作社。National office feasibility and development staff.聯(lián)邦政府辦公室和開展人員 Cooperative development specialists in State RD offices. 州農(nóng)業(yè)開展辦公室的協(xié)作社開展專家 Rural Cooperative Development Centers

19、, funded through the RCDG program. 經(jīng)過鄉(xiāng)村協(xié)作社開展贈款方案RCDG資助的鄉(xiāng)村協(xié)作社開展中心Cooperative Development協(xié)作社的開展Current Programs目前方案Access to new markets or services by farmer members of cooperatives協(xié)作社的農(nóng)場主會員開辟新的市場和效力Increased revenue generated on behalf of members of new cooperative enterprises添加新協(xié)作社公司的會員收入Increased

20、cooperative revenue and improved financial, operating, and/or marketing position of cooperatives.添加協(xié)作社收入、改良其財務(wù)情況、加強(qiáng)運(yùn)營和/或提高營銷位置Application of cooperative principles to new problems facing farmers協(xié)作原那么順應(yīng)于農(nóng)場主所面臨的新問題Cooperative Development協(xié)作社的開展Current Programs目前方案Outcomes產(chǎn)出Technical Assistance 技術(shù)援助Coop

21、erative Development 協(xié)作社的開展Current Programs目前的規(guī)劃Provide business and market analysis assistance to existing cooperatives. 為現(xiàn)有的協(xié)作社提供商業(yè)和市場分析援助Facilitating development of a strategic plan. 制定開展戰(zhàn)略方案。 Analysis of merger or joint venture options.分析和并或聯(lián)營方式。 Analysis of feasibility of value added investment.

22、 分析增值投資可行性 Analysis of operational and financial condition.分析運(yùn)營和財務(wù)情況Design of improved governance system. 設(shè)計更好的管理體系Technical Assistance 技術(shù)援助Current Programs 目前的規(guī)劃Improved revenues and financial, operating, and/or marketing position of cooperatives協(xié)作社的收入添加、財務(wù)和運(yùn)營情況改善以及/或營銷位置提高Increased member income r

23、esulting from cooperative operations由于協(xié)作社的運(yùn)營而添加了會員的收入Develop solutions to problems facing cooperativesdeveloped協(xié)助處理協(xié)作社開展中面臨的問題Application of cooperative principles to new problems facing farmers將協(xié)作原那么運(yùn)用于農(nóng)場主所面臨的新問題Technical Assistance技術(shù)援助Current Programs目前的規(guī)劃Outcomes產(chǎn)出Technical Assistance技術(shù)援助Research

24、研討cooperative development 協(xié)作社的開展Current Programs 目前的規(guī)劃Study the economic, legal, financial, social, and other aspects of cooperatives and publish the results thereof. 研討協(xié)作社的經(jīng)濟(jì)、合法、財務(wù)、社會以及其它方面問題并公布有關(guān)結(jié)果。Research conducted by staff as individuals or in teams.由個人或團(tuán)隊開展研討。 Collaborative funded research wit

25、h Universities and the private sector.與大學(xué)和私人部門結(jié)合開展的研討。 Professional collaborations: Research partnerships not supported by financial resources.專業(yè)協(xié)作：沒有財務(wù)資源支持的協(xié)作研討 Professional association activities專業(yè)協(xié)會活動Research研討Current Programs目前的方案Improved revenues and financial, operating, and/or marketing posit

26、ion of cooperatives協(xié)作社的收入添加、財務(wù)和運(yùn)營情況改善以及/或營銷位置提高New solutions to problems facing cooperatives developed協(xié)作社開展面臨問題的新的處理方法Increased cooperative research capacity in university and private sector提高大學(xué)和私人部門的協(xié)作社研討才干Application of cooperative principles to new problems facing farmers將協(xié)作原那么運(yùn)用于農(nóng)場主所面臨的新問題Resear

27、ch研討Current Programs目前的規(guī)劃Outcomes產(chǎn)出Technical Assistance技術(shù)援助Research研討Education and Information培訓(xùn)和信息cooperative development 協(xié)作社的開展current programs目前的規(guī)劃Promote an understanding of cooperative principles and practices through written, electronic, and personal communication. 經(jīng)過書面、電子和人際溝通渠道提高人們對于協(xié)作社原那么和實(shí)

28、際的了解。Produce educational information, materials, and research that supports cooperatives.制造支持協(xié)作社的培訓(xùn)信息、資料和研討。 Collaboration with other educators and educational institutions.與其它培訓(xùn)人員和培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)的協(xié)作。 Staff from both National and State offices facilitate cooperative education programs.來自聯(lián)邦政府和州政府辦公室的人員推進(jìn)協(xié)作社培訓(xùn)方案

29、。Education and Information培訓(xùn)和信息current programs目前的規(guī)劃Increased capability of cooperative directors, employees, and members to make business decisions that strengthen the cooperative 提高協(xié)作社主管、雇員和會員的才干從而做出添加協(xié)作社實(shí)力的運(yùn)營決策。Application of cooperative organizational principles to a wider variety of rural appli

30、cations協(xié)作社的組織原那么適用于更廣泛多樣化的鄉(xiāng)村事務(wù)中。Improved financial, operating, and/or marketing position of cooperatives提高協(xié)作社財務(wù)、運(yùn)營才干以及/或營銷位置。Increased member income resulting from cooperative operations由于協(xié)作社的運(yùn)營而添加了會員的收入。Education and Information培訓(xùn)和信息current programs目前的方案Outcomes產(chǎn)出technical assistance技術(shù)援助research研討e

31、ducation and information培訓(xùn)和信息statistics統(tǒng)計cooperative development協(xié)作社的開展current programs目前的規(guī)劃 Acquire, analyze, and disseminate data and information on cooperatives. 獲取、分析并宣傳有關(guān)協(xié)作社的資料和信息。Annual farmer cooperative survey conducted, with an annual report produced.開展農(nóng)場主協(xié)作社年度調(diào)查并編寫年度報告。 Letter reports with

32、comparison analysis included with survey instrument.對比分析的文字報告，包括調(diào)查方法和工具。Provide information for researchers, policy makers, and the public.向研討人員、政策制定者和公眾提供信息。statistics統(tǒng)計current programs目前的方案Appropriately defined role for cooperatives in public policy deliberations在公共政策協(xié)商中適當(dāng)定義協(xié)作社的作用。 Better public u

33、nderstanding of the role of cooperatives in the food sector公眾較好了解協(xié)作社在食品行業(yè)中的作用。Increased support for cooperative-based solutions to rural economic problems加強(qiáng)對支持協(xié)作社支持處理鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)問題。 Improved understanding among cooperative leaders and members on performance and condition of their own cooperative 提高協(xié)作社指點(diǎn)和會員對

34、其協(xié)作社運(yùn)營和情況的了解。statistics統(tǒng)計current programs目前的規(guī)劃outcomes產(chǎn)出technical assistance技術(shù)援助Research研討Education and Information培訓(xùn)和信息Statistics統(tǒng)計International Assistance國際援助Cooperative Development協(xié)作社的開展current programs目前的規(guī)劃Provide technical and education assistance to producers in selected overseas countries. 為選

35、取的其它國家提供技術(shù)和培訓(xùn)援助。In-country assistance projects.國內(nèi)的援助工程。 Training and advising of international visitors.為國際觀賞者提供培訓(xùn)和建議。 Participation in bilateral and multi-lateral government to government projects.參與雙邊和多邊的政府間工程。International Assistance國際技術(shù)援助current programs目前的規(guī)劃Strengthen commercial agricultural co

36、operative system in targeted developing countries加強(qiáng)目的開展中國家運(yùn)營性農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)作社系統(tǒng)。Broader understanding of democratic cooperative principles更廣泛的了解民主協(xié)作社的原那么。Increased capacity of partner nations to provided sustained cooperative assistance提高協(xié)作國家的才干，提供繼續(xù)的協(xié)作社援助。Increased trade with U.S.添加與美國的貿(mào)易。Enhance U.S. homelan

37、d security.提高美國外鄉(xiāng)的平安。International Assistance國際援助current programs目前的方案outcomes產(chǎn)出technical assistance技術(shù)援助research研討education and information培訓(xùn)和信息statistics統(tǒng)計International Assistance國際援助cooperative development協(xié)作社的開展current programs目前的規(guī)劃Funding programs融資方案Value-Added producer grants 為消費(fèi)者增值提供的贈款VAPGRur

38、al cooperative development grants 鄉(xiāng)村協(xié)作社的開展贈款 Grants to assist small minority producers 援助小規(guī)模的少數(shù)消費(fèi)者提供的贈款Cooperative stock purchase loan guarantees 協(xié)作社股票購買貸款擔(dān)保Business loan guarantees 商業(yè)貸款擔(dān)保Rural electric and telephone coop financing 鄉(xiāng)村電氣和協(xié)作社融資Funding programs融資方案current programs目前的規(guī)劃Value-Added produ

39、cer grants 消費(fèi)者增值贈款National Grant competition 聯(lián)邦政府贈款競爭Provides grants of up to $25,000 for conduct feasibility analysis提供最高25,000美圓的贈款用于可行性分析。Provides grants up to $250,000 to fund working capital提供最高250,000美圓的贈款資助營運(yùn)資金Funding programs資金方案current programs目前的方案Rural cooperative development grants 鄉(xiāng)村協(xié)作社

40、開展贈款Funds regional centers to assist cooperatives 區(qū)域資金中心援助協(xié)作社$250,000 per center per year 每個中心每年250,000美圓Centers focus on development assistance and education 中心著重于開展援助和培訓(xùn)Funding programs資金方案current programs目前的方案Cooperative stock purchase loan guarantees 購買協(xié)作社股份貸款擔(dān)保Farmers borrow from commercial ban

41、ks, use funds to invest in cooperative 農(nóng)場主從商業(yè)銀行借款，利用借款資金投資協(xié)作社Government provides up to 80 percent guarantee for the loan from the bank 政府為農(nóng)場主從銀行貸款提供擔(dān)保，最高擔(dān)保額為貸款的80%Funds are debt of farm balance sheet, equity on cooperative balance sheet.該資金在農(nóng)場資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表中反映為負(fù)債，在協(xié)作社的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表中反映為資產(chǎn)凈值Leverages public financial

42、exposure by a 20-1 factor 公共財務(wù)杠桿系數(shù)20-1Funding programs資金方案current programs目前的方案Increase revenue for farmers 添加農(nóng)場主的收入Increased profitability of farms 添加農(nóng)場的盈利才干Increase business revenues in rural areas添加鄉(xiāng)村的運(yùn)營收入Increased diversity of product revenue streams generated from agricultural products 添加來自于農(nóng)產(chǎn)品

43、的產(chǎn)品收入的多樣性Increases number of new value-added business starts 添加新的經(jīng)濟(jì)添加值起點(diǎn)的數(shù)量Grant Administration贈款管理局current programs目前的規(guī)劃outcomes產(chǎn)出 (VAPG)PART TWO - Condition and trends of U.S. Agricultural Cooperatives第二部分-美國農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)作社的情況和趨勢Trends 趨勢Basic Data 根本資料Internal and external forces 內(nèi)外和部力量Trends in U.S. Farme

44、r Cooperatives美國農(nóng)場主協(xié)作社的趨勢Biggest cooperative growth is in bio-energy, value added, and specialty foods markets.最大的協(xié)作社生長于生物能源、高附加值和專業(yè)食品市場。Most new cooperatives are legally organized as limited liability partnerships 最新的協(xié)作社是合法組建的有限責(zé)任合伙企業(yè)Obtaining sufficient capital to operate at fully efficient scale is reshaping ownership in cooperatives. 獲取有效資金高效規(guī)?；\(yùn)營是協(xié)作社一切權(quán)的再分配。Basic Data on U.S Farmer Cooperatives美國農(nóng)場主協(xié)作社的根本數(shù)據(jù)Number of co-ops協(xié)作社的數(shù)量2893Nu