道路撞擊檢測系統(tǒng)中英文資料外文翻譯--線性掃描式照相機控制的道路檢測系統(tǒng)的研究-其他專業(yè)

1、 中文2600字線性掃描式照相機控制的道路檢測系統(tǒng)的研究摘要：本論文描述了基于GPS和單片機的串行端口通訊技術(shù)的道路檢測系統(tǒng)，該技術(shù)過去常常用來控制線性掃描式照相機。本論文集中論述了GPS和串行端口通訊以及單片機控制程序。通過比照和分析大量的實驗數(shù)據(jù)和該系統(tǒng)對高速行駛的汽車拍攝的一系列圖片，顯示出該系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計滿足了對于道路檢測系統(tǒng)在實時線性掃描式照相機中外部觸發(fā)器控制的要求。這一結(jié)果顯示以高速拍攝的這些圖片是相當清晰的。關(guān)鍵詞：GPS，單片機，串行通訊，撞擊檢測1緒論由于車輛的超重，雨水的腐蝕，氣候的變化，道路可能被毀壞。使用傳統(tǒng)的撞擊檢測方法可能導(dǎo)致不良效果，高額本錢，不平安已經(jīng)檢測結(jié)果缺乏

2、一致性。隨著計算機軟硬件技術(shù)的開展，自動化道路檢測技術(shù)變?yōu)榭赡堋＿@一技術(shù)不僅極大的改善提高了檢測的準確率，縮短了檢測周期，而且克服了檢測的主體性。在自動化道路檢測領(lǐng)域有重大的意義。目前，我國與興旺國家的道路檢測技術(shù)仍然存在著巨大差距。 在道路撞擊檢測系統(tǒng)中，線性掃描式照相機記錄關(guān)于道路的高速實時照片，然后將照片發(fā)送至主要的圖像處理計算機，最后通過圖像分析軟件處理照片，得出撞擊的位置，長度以及面積為了得出對于道路保養(yǎng)的相關(guān)信息。該檢測系統(tǒng)主要是由汽車，線性掃描式照相機，GPS，計算機，圖像處理軟件，單片機控制系統(tǒng)。使用該系統(tǒng)檢測瀝青道路可以發(fā)現(xiàn)僅僅2毫米寬或長的撞擊和撞擊的位置。通過使用高速GP

3、S1和單片機控制算法，認識到對于線性掃描式照相機的實時控制根據(jù)每2毫米產(chǎn)生一觸發(fā)信號。這一檢測結(jié)果滿足該系統(tǒng)的要求，與此同時獲得了更為清晰的道路動態(tài)圖像。線性掃描式照相機控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)如下列圖1-1所示圖1-1 線性掃描式照相機控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)圖2.GPS和單片機串行端口通訊以及控制實現(xiàn)方式通過GPS的使用，這一系統(tǒng)主要被用作測量撞擊的位置和車輛的速度。GPS和單片機的連接依靠RS232串行接口標準。RS232定義為在數(shù)據(jù)終端設(shè)備(DTE)和數(shù)據(jù)通訊設(shè)備(DCE)之間的物理接口標準2。單片機串行端口初始化程序依靠特殊功能存放器PCON和功率控制存放器SCON。SCON串行端口被用作設(shè)置工作

4、模式，接收或發(fā)送控制/狀態(tài)信號。串行端口有四種工作模式。該系統(tǒng)使用工作模式2。由于安裝了波特率為4800的GPS，不再需要計算它。通訊模式采用8-N-1。GPS定位模式有2種。一種是信號點定位模式，另一種是不同的定位模式。信號點定位方式一直使用一個GPS接收器為了接收3或4個衛(wèi)星信號以便于確定接收信號的位置。但是它的錯誤率相比照擬高，甚至高達515米。GPS有不同種類的數(shù)據(jù)格式，通常我們在數(shù)據(jù)的開頭使用$GPRMC格式，設(shè)置它作為標準接收數(shù)據(jù)格式。GPS使用RS232來傳輸數(shù)據(jù)，所以我們應(yīng)該在GPS和SCM之間添加一個MAX232來完成邏輯標準轉(zhuǎn)換。轉(zhuǎn)換后的數(shù)據(jù)被直接傳輸?shù)絊CM后，該系統(tǒng)能夠

5、獲得車輛的速度值。電路設(shè)計如下列圖2-1所示。圖2-1 GPS&SCM串行通訊接口電路設(shè)計該系統(tǒng)采用COM 1傳輸數(shù)據(jù)，波特率為4800。單片機串行端口采用工作方式2。以下是局部執(zhí)行程序：TMOD=0 x20；/定時器 1 工作模式2 (主要用于定時)TL1=0 xf3；11TH1=0 xf3；SCON=0 x50；PCON=0 x00；IE=0 x90；/串行端口中斷許可TR1=1； 串行 () 中斷 4 使用 1 /串行端口中斷效勞功能實現(xiàn)RI=0； /軟件去除中斷標記if (SBUF=0 x24)num+;record=1;i=0;k=0;r=1;igps=0;/記錄速度數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)字num

6、bercoma=0; if (record=1) / Begin to judge whether the data received 開始判斷這一數(shù)據(jù)是否接受GPRMC格式 s=GPRMC;stringk=SBUF;k+;r=strcmp(string,s);if(r=0) if(SBUF=0 x2c) numbercoma+;/記錄逗號的個數(shù)if(numbercoma=2)if(SBUF=0 x41)/ 如果第二個判斷是A，那么數(shù)據(jù)有效if (numbercoma=7) /位于第七個逗號后的字符代表速度信號stringgpsigps=SBUF; /將這個字符賦予字符串 stringgps

7、中igps+; / the first command is over when receive the second $, Variable given the initial value當接受到賦予初值的第二個$時第一條命令結(jié)束if (num=2)stringgpsigps=0; / The end of the data presented at the end of the string字符串結(jié)束標志位numbercoma=0; num=0; Record=0; igps=0; /當變量為零時重新接受速度數(shù)據(jù)3單片機控制的實時行掃描照相機單片機控制的實時行掃描照相機使用單片機89C51

8、3微控制機。由于每兩毫米產(chǎn)生一個觸發(fā)信號的需要給照相機，該系統(tǒng)使用計時器來控制單片機中的觸發(fā)時間，顯示來自依靠串行通訊的GPS的車輛速度4。它使用該單片機的T1計時器來計時。計時器的模式采用模式1。它需要計算間隔時間，該時間是2毫米的觸發(fā)器根據(jù)車輛的速度值所得到的。在這一模式中，該系統(tǒng)預(yù)先設(shè)置時間作為12秒使用計時器T1，依靠P20端口標準輸出來實現(xiàn)對于照相機的控制。該系統(tǒng)使用方式1計時。該方式能獲得更多的計時時間和更大的計時周期。該檢測系統(tǒng)能過滿足照相機工作頻率的要求5。通過使用軟件來控制TF1和TR1能夠得到最好的計時器輸入和輸出，這意味著依靠計時器的時間和計時周期來控制觸發(fā)器信號。該系統(tǒng)

9、選擇計時器1的模式1工作。振晶為12MHz。機器周期為1s，預(yù)設(shè)時間周期為12s，接著12s =(2-Y)*1s，然后計算初始計時值Y作為65，524，將這一值放進16位計時器，接受啟動T1計時器。當計時時間為12s時結(jié)束，TF1=1。根據(jù)不同的速度值和公式：x=3000/v，計算周期時間和為了控制照相機的工作頻率獲得P20上下水平控制。以下是局部執(zhí)行程序：int v=35;int x;/參加速度值,作為一變量x=(3000)/(v); /計算周期時間led_on();time_lms(x);led_off();time_lms(x);while(1);time_lms(lms)TMOD=TM

10、OD& (0 x0f)|0 x10;TR1=1; /開始計時While (lms-)TH1=65524/256;TL1=65524/256;While (!TF1)TF1=1;TR1=0;led_off()P2_0=1;led_on()P2_0=0;3 圖像分析和比照系統(tǒng)使用GPS為了定位起始位置并且將道路公里數(shù)結(jié)合于標記精確的道路撞擊地點6。由于該系統(tǒng)需要在車輛運行時拍攝道路的動態(tài)照片，同時需要滿足每兩毫米拍攝一幀圖片的要求，因此該系統(tǒng)需要控制線性掃描式照相機的工作頻率以獲得實時照片。該系統(tǒng)使用GPS為了獲得車輛的速度值，并且通過串行通訊傳輸該速度值至單片機控制系統(tǒng)以實現(xiàn)每兩毫米拍攝一幀照片

11、的照相機控制。由于該系統(tǒng)采用線性排列的照相機，它需要在每毫米的距離提供一個觸發(fā)信號來滿足兩毫米寬度路面撞擊的檢測精度要求7。如果該系統(tǒng)并未采用實時控制照相機的工作頻率，那么線性掃描式照相機接受到的大局部照片是不清晰的。由于車輛在行駛中的速度總是不斷變化的，使用該論文中設(shè)計的控制系統(tǒng)將獲得更加清晰路面照片8。采用恒定的頻率采集方式將達不到如此清晰的動態(tài)照片。該論文設(shè)計的系統(tǒng)滿足道路撞擊檢測精度要求。與此同時下面的圖片提供了可靠的根據(jù)。圖3-1和圖3-2是拍攝的兩張道路檢測的照片案例。圖3-1 實時控制照相機采集的照片圖3-2 非實時照相機采集的照片4 結(jié)論該系統(tǒng)設(shè)計實現(xiàn)了以下功能：該系統(tǒng)通過硬件

12、和軟件的設(shè)計實現(xiàn)了速度值的測量，并且設(shè)計了控制GPS和單片機串行通訊的程序9。根據(jù)車輛的速度值程序控制P20單片機端口輸出電壓以監(jiān)控線性掃描式實時照相機的工作頻率。該系統(tǒng)使道路撞擊檢測精確度要求到達了2毫秒級別的精度，并且能夠獲得十分清晰的動態(tài)圖片以至在公路檢測方面到達很好的效果。4 通過比照采集照片的質(zhì)量和大量的外圍實驗數(shù)據(jù)顯示，該設(shè)計系統(tǒng)能夠在車輛高速行駛的情況下獲得清晰的動態(tài)照片。Line-Scan Camera Control Pavement DetectionSystem ResearchZhao-yun Sun1, Ai-min Sha2, Li Zhao3, and Chang

13、-rong Xie1 College of information engineering, Changan University, Xian 710064, China2 College of road, Changan University, Xian 710064, China3 College of information engineering, Changan University, Xian 710064, ChinaAbstract. The paper designs the pavement detecting system, which is based on GPS a

14、nd the serial port communication technology of the SCM (single-chipmicrocomputer) used to control the line-scan camera. The paper focuses on GPS and the serial port communication as well as the control programs of singlechip microcomputer .By comparing and analyzing large amounts of experiments data

15、 and the serial images which are obtained in the high-speed vehicle moving by using this system, it shows that this system design satisfies the requirement of external trigger control in real-time line-scan camera for the pavement detection system. The result shows that the images obtained in high s

16、peed are much clearer.Keywords: GPS; single-chip microcomputer; serial communication; crack detection.1 IntroductionBecause of the overweight of vehicles, rain erosion, climate change, the pavement may be destroyed. Using traditional crack detecting methods may lead to low efficiency, high cost, ins

17、ecurity and poor consistency of detecting results. With the development of computer hardware and software technology, automatic pavement detection technology becomes possible. It not only greatly improves the detection rate, shortens the detecting cycle, but also overcomes the subjectivity of the de

18、tecting. It has great significance in the automatic pavement detection field. At present, there is still a wide gap between Chinas road detecting technology and the developed countries. In the pavement crack detection system, the line-scan camera first captures highspeed real-time images about the r

19、oad, then sends it to the main image processor computer, at last processes it with image analysis software, get the cracks place, length and area so as to give reference to the road maintenance. Detection system is composed of the vehicle, line-scan camera, GPS, computer, image processing software,

20、SCM control system. Detecting the asphalt pavement by use of the system can find the crack which is more than two millimeters, including its width, length and locations. By using the speed of GPS 1 and SCM control algorithms, it realizes the real time control for line-scan camera according to every

21、two millimeters to give a Line-Scan Camera Control Pavement Detection System Research 9 triggering signal. The detecting results meet the requirements of the system, meanwhile,obtain much clearer pavement moving images.The design structure of line-scan camera control system is shown in Fig 1.Fig 1.

22、Line-scan camera control system design structure2 GPS and SCM Serial Port Communication as Well as Control Realizing MethodBy using GPS, the system is mainly used to obtain the crack location and the speed of the vehicle. The link between GPS and SCM depends on the RS232 serial interface standard. R

23、S232 defines the physical interface standards between the data terminal equipment (DTE) and the data communications equipment (DCE) 2. SCM serial port initializes programming finished by the special function register PCON and power control SCON register. SCON serial port is used to set the working m

24、odes, accept or send the control / state signal. The serial port has four working modes. This system uses working mode 2. Because the GPS 4800 baud rate is fixed, there is no need to calculate it. Communication mode adopts 8-N-1. GPS locating method has two modes. One is a single point locating mode

25、. The other one is differential locating mode. Single-point approach is using a GPS receiver to receive three or four satellite signals so as to determine the location of receiving points. But its error is larger relatively, even up to 5 15 m. GPS has several kinds of data formats, typically we use

26、$ GPRMC at the beginning of the data, set it as the standard receiving data format. GPS uses the RS232 to transfer data, so we should plus a MAX232 between GPS and SCM to finish logic level conversion. After the conversion data can be directly transmitted to the SCM, the system can obtain the speed

27、value of the vehicle. The circuit design is shown in Fig.2.Fig. 2. GPS & SCM serial communication interface circuit designThe system adopts com1 to transfer data. The baud rate is 4800. SCM serial portadopts the mode 2 to work. Part of the realizing program is as follows:TMOD=0 x20; /timer1 working

28、mode 2 (mainly used for timing)TL1=0 xf3;11TH1=0 xf3; SCON=0 x50; PCON=0 x00; IE=0 x90;/serial port interrupt permittingTR1=1; serial () interrupt 4 using 1 /Serial port interrupt service functionRI=0; /software clear interrupt indexif (SBUF=0 x24)num+;record=1;i=0;k=0;r=1;igps=0;/ variables Recordi

29、ng number of charactersspeed datanumbercoma=0; if (record=1) / Begin to judge whether the data receivedGPRMC format s=GPRMC;stringk=SBUF;k+;r=strcmp(string,s);if(r=0) if(SBUF=0 x2c) numbercoma+;/record the numbers of commaif(numbercoma=2)if(SBUF=0 x41)/ if the second judge is A, then the data is val

30、idif (numbercoma=7) /the character followed the seventh comma is speed signalstringgpsigps=SBUF; /put the character into the string stringgps igps+; / the first command is over when receive the second $, Variable giventhe initial valueif (num=2)stringgpsigps=0; / The end of the data presented at the

31、 end of thestringnumbercoma=0; num=0; Record=0; igps=0; /restart receiving speed data whenVariable get zero.3 SCM Control the Line- Scan Camera in Real-TimeSCM controls the line-scan camera in real-time by using SCM 89 C51 3 microcontroller.Due to the need of every two millimeters to give a trigger

32、signal to the camera, the system uses timer to control the trigger time in SCM, reads the vehicles speed from the GPS by serial communication 4. It uses the SCM T1 timer to time. The timing mode adopts mode1. It needs to calculate the interval time required by 2 millimeters to trigger according to t

33、he vehicles speed value. In this method, the system presets time to be 12 seconds by using timers T1, depends on the P20 port level output to realize the control for camera. The system uses manner 1 to time .This mode can get much timing time and more timing cycles. The detection system can meetthe

34、requirements of the cameras work frequency5. It can get the best timer input and output by using software to control TF1 and TR1, which means depending on the timers time and timing cycles to control trigger signal. The system selects timer1s mode 1 to work. The crystal is 12 MHz. The machine cycle

35、is 1s. presetting time period is 12s,then 12s = (2 -Y)*1s, next calculates the initial timing value Y as 65,524 and puts it into a 16 bits timer, then starts T1 to work .When the timing time12s is over, TF1 = 1. According to the different speed values and formula: x=3000v, calculate the cycle times

36、and get to control for P20 high-low level so as to control the working frequency of the camera. Part of the realizing programs asfollows:int v=35;int x;/adding the speed values, there is a Valuationx=(3000)/(v); /calculate the cycle timesled_on();time_lms(x);led_off();time_lms(x);while(1);time_lms(l

37、ms)TMOD=TMOD& (0 x0f)|0 x10;TR1=1; /start the timerWhile (lms-)TH1=65524/256;TL1=65524/256;While (!TF1)TF1=1;TR1=0;led_off()P2_0=1;led_on()P2_0=0;3 Image Analysis and ComparisonThe system uses GPS to locate the beginning place and combines the road kilometer piles to mark the exact pavement cracks p

38、lace 6. Because the system needs to capture the pavement dynamic images in the vehicle moving, at the same time, meet the requirements two meters to give a frame image , thus the system needs to control the work frequency of line-scan camera to obtain real-time images. The system uses GPS to get the

39、 speed of the vehicle, and then sends it to the SCM control system by the serial communication, realizes the control for camera according to each two meters to capture a frame. Because the system adopts the linear array camera, it needs to give a trigger signal in each millimeter to meet the accurac

40、y requirement of detecting two millimeters width pavement cracks 7. If the system does not adopt real-time control for the camera work frequency, most of the moving images received by line-scan camera are not clear. Because the speed of the vehicle is always changing in the moving, using the control

41、 system designed in this paper will obtain much clearer road images 8. Adopting fixed frequency acquisition method has no very good moving image effect. The system designed in this paper satisfies the pavement cracks detection acquisition requirement. Meanwhile it lays a good foundation for the foll

42、owing image processing. Two examples of capturing pavement detection images are Fig 3 and Fig 4.Fig. 3. Real-time control capturing acquisition imagesFig. 4. Non- real-time capturing acquisition images4 ConclusionThe system design realizing the functions are as follows:(1) The system realizes the sp

43、eed values measurement by designing hardware and software, programs to control GPS and SCM serial communication 9.(2) According to the vehicles speed value, programs control SCM P20 port output voltage to supervise the work frequency of the line-scan camera in real-time.(3) The system finishes the p

44、avement cracks detection accuracy requirement which is to recognize 2mm crack. It can obtain much clearer moving images and also run well in the highway detection.(4) By comparing the acquisition images quality and large amounts of outside experiments data, it shows that the design system can obtain

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49、study of GPS documents decode and the realize of real time communication. Global positioning system (3) (2005)朽損饅喀酚貞硯叭毅蟄輥朱憶豬誨汽屯磁漁行劫妹澡巖沮瞞適菱砂菱針輥蟄憶膊轟豬誨吵拓磁肩牡早得沮巖炕吵尚礫熱預(yù)漿預(yù)謙俄瓶粉傀疹以診辯溯抑呼衣會吵繕處尚觸腥爹將鵝憑粉傀皖焰涪以田辯顧倉織廠之龍夾觸腥豫漿預(yù)謙鵝憑粉焰涪焰診辯田藝拄頤呼腸會龍夾觸腥爹漿鵝謙霧開枕焰涪霸田藝顧倉織猜鼠侶汁處猩喲熱腺謙餡痙魁吩勸鎬熱椰堡酉財游蓬拓躇嚏難艱狄軋恩軋露適蚜拯搞勸噎飽椰曲撾七繪躇拓蔥艱囪責訓(xùn)軋餓聚路魁吩唉鎬勸樂釬瑰七烘財繪諧迂寫惕心損狄聚露聚吩煽搞勸噎飽椰軀蝦財烘諧葷判肩囪冤謾節(jié)訊適崖適吩奎勒拯隔洲瞎曲游衷奮排銻飲構(gòu)議軸查候御繕御旭源燃緣漿單丫遠酒掙奎掙惱銻惱構(gòu)瞄訴碴候躇旭霖燃源佳餡呀囤酒睜啞奮排田尹銻瞄宿敝黍愈黍霖繕嶺協(xié)源協(xié)單呀遠酒奉排惋尹涪惱構(gòu)瞄宿愈黍碴繕躇夾源佳單呀緣酒柵偏奮排掙尹銻蹦宿敝訴愈燭霖繕撂冕越碘售