高考英語閱讀理解技巧-細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題課件(PPT 54頁)

1、英語專題Strategies for Questions of Details英語閱讀理解技巧(事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題)第1頁，共54頁。推理判斷題 猜測詞義題閱讀四大題型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題主旨大意題第2頁，共54頁。高考英語閱讀理解題考查方式是非題年代與數(shù)字考點(diǎn)Wh-題 (who,what,when, where,why,how )第3頁，共54頁。高考閱讀考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題：第4頁，共54頁。第5頁，共54頁。1、細(xì)節(jié)題的題干分析2 、細(xì)節(jié)題解題方法教學(xué)內(nèi)容第6頁，共54頁。分析往年試卷卷的閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題分別考查哪些信息？ 60.How did Percival feel during his meeting wit

2、h Laura?(12)50. Who are the intended readers of the passage?(08)63.What made “I” finally think of getting a cell phone?(12)57. When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal?(08)72. Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? (09)事件人物方式時(shí)間因果第7頁，共54頁。 In 1988, Tanni went to her first Paralympic G

3、ames in Seoul. She won bronze in the 400 metres. Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona. Paralympics. Tanni won gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres relay, setting two world records in the process.時(shí)間57. When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal? A. In 1984. B. In 1988. C. In 1

4、992. D. In 2007第8頁，共54頁。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題考查的六大信息事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題干常用when, where, who, why, what 和 how 等提問或要求用此類信息補(bǔ)全句子，考查對(duì)應(yīng)的六大信息內(nèi)容，即 _、 _、 _、 _、 _和 _。 時(shí)間 地點(diǎn) 人物 原因 事件 方式 S summary 題干分析第9頁，共54頁。1.According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?（三誤一正）3.Wh

5、ich of the following is not mentioned in the text?（三正一誤）4 The author ( or the passage) states that_.5 .常見設(shè)題方式：第10頁，共54頁。 題干設(shè)計(jì)常常避開原文中所用的詞匯，而用其同義詞、近義詞或反義詞設(shè)題。設(shè)題特點(diǎn)：第11頁，共54頁。Not long ago. My wife, PJ, and I tried a new dietnot to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate chan

6、ge. 原因72. Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? A. To take special kinds of food B. To respond to climate change. C. To lose weight D. To improve their health_同義詞第12頁，共54頁。三大法寶： 順序原則二、 細(xì)節(jié)理解解題方法定位詞排除法第13頁，共54頁。(一)、把握解題的順序原則 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats

7、 such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly, The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms. Certain microorganisms (微生物) cause most types of foo

8、d poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (釋放) poisons that make people sick. Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, pr

9、ocessed, or prepaid. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops. Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include51題答案52 53題答案53題答案53題答案第14頁，共54頁

10、。certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms. When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with ditty hands or put food on un

11、washed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from gnawing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat raid mushrooms or other foods that

12、 grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous. Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospit

13、al right away to have their stomachs emptied.(一)、把握解題的順序原則54題答案第15頁，共54頁。二、通過定位詞尋找出題點(diǎn)定位詞和主題句是英語閱讀理解解題方法的最重要的兩個(gè)要素，前者適用于解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題，后者用于解答主旨大意題。1. 表示人名、地名等的專有名詞和表示年份、數(shù)字、百分?jǐn)?shù)等的數(shù)詞，以及題干中出現(xiàn)的大寫的名詞2. 表示實(shí)體意義，指代一件具體事物的名詞3. 題干中詞義鮮明的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等第16頁，共54頁。 (New York) A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a two-y

14、ear-old girl in Manhattan said he didnt think twice before diving into the freezing East River. Tuesdays Daily News said 29-year-old Julien Duret from France is the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Sunday. He lifted the little girl out of water after she fell off the bank at the S

15、outh Street Seaport museum. He handed the girl to her father, David Anderson, who had dived in after him. 二、通過定位詞尋找出題點(diǎn)第17頁，共54頁。Q: Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl? A. David Anderson B. A passer-by C. His girlfriend D. A taxi driver技巧：定位詞在題干中尋找線索，并圈出題干中的名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等實(shí)詞，找出線索詞

16、在文中的位置。1 wh-細(xì)節(jié)題第18頁，共54頁。定位詞的轉(zhuǎn)換形式： a. 同義改寫When I was six, Dad brought home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”, My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her ,then there were baths, playing catch and many other games . Bro

17、wnie, in return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them. We always felt better when she was around.41. What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family? A. Look at them sadly. B. Keep them company.

18、C. Play games with them. D. Touch them gently.sick第19頁，共54頁。 When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her g

19、ood service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.41. Why was the authors mother poorly served? A. She was unable to speak good English. B. She was often misunderstood. C. She was not clearly heard. D. She was not very polite.第20頁，共54頁。But the key issue is reall

20、y moneyChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion68According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is _ Atechnical issues Bsafety of the system Cfinancial problems Dmaintenance of railway tracks第21頁，共54頁。b.轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)~性與結(jié)構(gòu): Confuciu

21、s suggested Rule as a principle for the conduct of life: “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some potential than others, are that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on individual, and thought that t

22、he greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下層的)classes.66. What made some people different from others according to Confucius? A. FamilyB

23、. Potential C. Knowledge D. Community第22頁，共54頁。Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet, she went everywhere with us .People would stop and ask if they could pet her. Of course shed let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog. There were many times when wed be out walking and

24、 a small child would come over and pull pm her hair. she never barked(吠) or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from the truth, she lovely everyone. 44. Some people got frightened by Brownie when she_. A. smile

25、d B. barked C. rushed to them D. tried to be funny第23頁，共54頁。(三)、排除法（1）正確選項(xiàng)的特征正確選項(xiàng)雖然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改寫，意思不變。如換一個(gè)同義詞，把否定改為肯定，把肯定改為否定等?！?010江蘇】68. According to the passage, the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is .A. technical issues B. safety of the systemC. financial problems D.

26、 maintenance of railway tracks第24頁，共54頁。a張冠李戴：把A事物的特點(diǎn)說成是B事物的，企圖混淆視聽。 （2）錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特征Other early surnames came from peoples occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every tow

27、n and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter a person who made pots and pans.57. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _. A. owned or drove a cart B. made things with metals C. made kitchen tools or contains

28、D. built houses and furniture第25頁，共54頁。48. What do we know about Jarolim from the text? AShe is successful in her job BShe finds her life full of stresses CShe spends half of her time traveling DShe is especially interested in museumsb.斷章取義：抓住一個(gè)字眼或細(xì)節(jié)做文章，對(duì)作者本意歪曲的理解。c.過度猜測：文中并沒有出現(xiàn)和選項(xiàng)一致的直接信息，選項(xiàng)對(duì)文意進(jìn)行了不切

29、實(shí)際的過度猜測。第26頁，共54頁。Reading material 2 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poiso

30、ned food.Feveris one of the most common symptoms.2 是非題第27頁，共54頁。Q Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Food when poisoned can make people sick.B. Food poisoning means death.C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.D. Food poisoning can be serious.Passage2 技巧：排除法以偏概全三正一誤Food poisoning is usua

31、lly not serious, but some types are deadly.第28頁，共54頁。 Reading material 3 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A ca

32、lorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows 練習(xí)題第29頁，共54頁。 Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statem

33、ent is TRUE according to the chart above? A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a

34、baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.文章【解析】答案為 D 。 根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，計(jì)算公式為： (90-35)51=2753 計(jì)算題根據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗(yàn)證A、B、C、D 四個(gè)答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很容易找出 C 符合圖表內(nèi)容。4 圖表題第30頁，共54頁。 Back in the fifteenth century, in a tiny village near Nuremberg, lived a family with eighte

35、en childrenIn spite of the hopeless condition, two of the children, Albrecht Durer and Albert, had a dreamThey both wanted to pursue their talent for artAfter many long discussions, the two boys finally worked out an agreementThey would toss a coinThe loser would go down into the nearby mines and, w

36、ith his earnings, support his brother who attended the academyThen, when that brother who won the toss completed his studies, in four years, he would support the other brother at the academy Tossing a coin, Albrecht Durer won and went off to NurembergAlbert went down into the dangerous mines and, fo

37、r the next four years, supported his brother, whose work at the academy was almost an immediate sensation（轟動(dòng)）By the time he graduated, he had earned considerable fees for his outstanding works When the young artist returned to his village, the Durer family held a festive dinner to celebrate lbrechts

38、 triumphant（勝利的）homecomingAlbrecht drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice that had enabled him to complete his dream“And now, Albert, blessed brother of mine, now it is your turnNow you can go to Nuremberg to look for your dream, and I will take care of you” To show thanks t

39、o Albert for all that he had sacrificed, Albrecht Durer painstakingly drew his brothers injured hands with palms together and thin fingers stretched skywardHe called his powerful drawing simply “Hands”, but the entire world almost immediately opened their hearts to his great masterpiece and renamed

40、it “The Praying Hands”Reading material 4第31頁，共54頁。 Q1 Which of the following is the correct order of the story？ aAlbrecht went to Nuremberg bAlbert supported his brother cThe Durer family held a festive dinner dAlbrecht drew his brothers injured hands eThe brothers tossed a coin Ab, a, c, d, e Ba, e

41、, c, d, b Ce, a, c, b, d De, a, b, c, d_解題思路： 先找出最早的一個(gè)時(shí)間和事件，把它作為事件發(fā)生的具體點(diǎn)，然后使用排除法將范圍一一縮小，從而快速地選出正確答案 5 排序題第32頁，共54頁。細(xì)節(jié)題類型1wh細(xì)節(jié)題2 是非題3 計(jì)算題4 圖表題5 排序題 6 其它題 summary第33頁，共54頁。 有時(shí)命題者故弄玄虛，在選項(xiàng)中加些夸大其詞的說法，把“大約”說成“絕對(duì)，肯定”(要留意選項(xiàng)中諸如all, absolutely, only, never, completely, definitely等詞)，把抽象說成具體，或者把人名、地名、時(shí)間等張冠李戴，誤

42、串起來，從而構(gòu)成形是實(shí)非的干擾項(xiàng)。注意“陷阱”：第34頁，共54頁。_明顯不是文章的信息，與文中事實(shí)相反或不符干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)與概括:(事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的考點(diǎn))正誤并存擴(kuò)大(縮小)范圍偷換概念以偏概全無中生有_信息部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤 _是原文信息，但故意增加或減少細(xì)節(jié)_符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容_與原句的內(nèi)容極為相似，但在程度、態(tài)度、褒貶色彩上有變動(dòng)_是原文信息，但不是題干要求的內(nèi)容答非所問第35頁，共54頁。& Practice makes perfect! No way in the world is the best but yours.第36頁，共54頁。2012年C篇Finally, a ce

43、ll phoneThats . a phoneWith rates as low as $3.75 per week!“Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone. My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down，and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help.

44、But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind. The phones all have cameras, computers and a global-positioning something or other thats supposed to spot me from space. Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids! The people at the store werent much help. They

45、 couldnt understand why someone wouldnt want a phone the size of a postage stamp. And the rate plans! They were confusing, and expensive . and the contract (合同）lasted for two years! Id almost given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone. Now, I have the convenience and safety of bei

46、ng about to stay in touch - with a phone I can actually use. ”Friendly Return Policy30 days30 daysCall now and receive a FREE gift when you order. Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you dont love it, just return it! Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box. If you arent as happy

47、 with it as I am, you can return it and get your money back. Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions. Call 1-888-809-8794 or visit www. .第37頁，共54頁。 2012福建高考卷A篇 短文長度：398個(gè)詞。 本文作者以自己的親身經(jīng)歷引出一部手機(jī)訂購的優(yōu)惠條件、資費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及購買方式，實(shí)質(zhì)上本文是一則廣告。第38頁，共54頁。63.What made “I” finally think of ge

48、tting a cell phone?64.On the monthly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about _.65.An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is _. 2012年福建高考題閱讀C篇事件計(jì)算細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)第39頁，共54頁。63.What made “I” finally think of getting a cell phone?A. Being stuck by the highway.B. Being urged by his grand

49、kids. C. Being persuaded by cell phone alespersons.D. Being attracted by the friendly return policy.2012年福建高考題閱讀A篇My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down，and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help. 答非所問偷換概念答非所問第40頁，共54頁。64.On the mon

50、thly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about _.A. $3.75B. $4.99C. $14. 99 D. $19.992012年福建高考題閱讀C篇19.994第41頁，共54頁。65.An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is _. A. its discount price with a free giftB. its reasonable rate plans without a contractC. its “global-positionin

51、g” system with 911 accessD. its good customer service all over the world2012年福建高考題閱讀C篇原文定位細(xì)節(jié)分析正誤并存Affordable plans that I can understand一and no contract to sign (簽訂）！_第42頁，共54頁。選項(xiàng)In terms of the answers1 正誤并存2 擴(kuò)大縮小范圍3 偷換概念4 以偏概全5 無中生有6 答非所問細(xì)節(jié)理解summary第43頁，共54頁。1，比較處?？?，因果關(guān)系處?？?，轉(zhuǎn)折處?？?，引言處?？?，列舉處?？汲？?/p>

52、查位置：第44頁，共54頁。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧1.若針對(duì)特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),舉例子,名人名言出題,只需要閱讀符號(hào)，例子,名言前后的內(nèi)容，然后與選項(xiàng)核對(duì)。2.在出現(xiàn)一些關(guān)鍵詞，如however、but、moreover、therefore、 thus時(shí)，要特別注意句子前后意義的轉(zhuǎn)折，遞進(jìn)，因果等關(guān)系。3.細(xì)節(jié)題的答案一般是同義替換項(xiàng)或者同義轉(zhuǎn)換項(xiàng)summary第45頁，共54頁。4.選項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語氣詞的一般不是答案。如：must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, completely, none,等。但不是絕對(duì)，也有例外。5.

53、注意選項(xiàng)中的副詞，形容詞和介詞短語等與原文是否一致。如： must, may, often, should, usually, might, most, more or less, likely, all, never，few 等存在程度不同，經(jīng)常被偷換，往往被忽視。6.細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：與原文內(nèi)容相反；與原文內(nèi)容一半相符，一半不同；敘述過于絕對(duì)化；原文沒有提及.第46頁，共54頁。Practice makes perfect!May you succeed in your studies!Thank you!第47頁，共54頁。B篇Can dogs and cats live in perf

54、ect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found anewrecipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less t

55、han 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get alongswimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reporteda positive relationshipbetween their cat and dog.However, it wasnt all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in

56、25% of the homes,while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission.In homes with cats an

57、d dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each others language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk Dog, and dogs can learn how to talk Cat.Whats interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence

58、.They can learn how to read each others body signals,suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected.Once familiar with each others presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa. They c

59、an easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom (梳理) each other.The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets to people who dont get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers.If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.第48頁，共54頁。32. Some cats and dogs may fight when _.they are cold to each other B. they look away from each otherC. they misunders