普華永道--財(cái)務(wù)管理最佳實(shí)踐之項(xiàng)目ppt課件

1、Best Practice Financial Processes: Project AccountingProject Accounting - Best Practices ObjectivesProject AccountingObjectivesOrganisationPeopleProcessesControlsMeasuresInformation Systemsto record and maintain costs and time at a project and task levelto maintain project assets & Work In Progresst

2、o bill / charge for jobs carried outto assist in planning, scheduling and controlling projectsto measure ongoing profitability and technical effectiveness of projects and enable corrective action to be taken Bridge between financial management & project managementEstablish project structure and type

3、Create new projectAllocate budgetTrack actual costs and timeReview projects progressBill or capitalise costsClose projectMonthly reportingReconciliation to other modulesPhysical progressInvoices being paidKey performance indicatorsProfitability of projectVariance analysis (cost, time & materials)Ach

4、ievement of technical objectivesOn-line timesheet inputEliminate rekeying of dataIntegrated systemsEmpower project managersTo control information and take corrective actionA logically defined project & task numbering system is used with a project / job number that allows division and reporting by lo

5、gical elements or segmentsA facility to predefine a list of project typesEstablish who owns, who controls and who monitors the projectBudget established in financial and quantitative terms as an optionBudgets by individual property and group of projectsReforecasting / multiple budget facilityMulti c

6、urrency budgetingInformation from past projects available to assist with estimate of future project costsDirect costs allocated per timesheet entry Indirect costs per timesheet/ algorithmsCollect costs in line with project milestones / phasesVarious ways of collecting costs; full cost, marginal, dir

7、ect costs, direct costs and uplift, etc, Actuals and commitments (ie PO) raised against project budgetMonitor against defined milestonesConfirm physical progress of projectAmend budgets for known costs overruns / savingsProject costs can be allocated to departments or billed to customers at appropri

8、ate times Charge against agreed milestonesBest Practice FeaturesProject Accounting - Best practice featuresEstablish projectAllocate budgetsAllocate costs& timeReview project progress vs costs & budgetBill or charge for projectSystem records all necessary project data Any level of project task hiera

9、rchy is permittedSystem allows budgeting at the lowest or highest task level Budgeting can be on a cost time, material or revenue basisStandard as well as value budgetsMarginal or full costing basisNotes facility to support documentation of all budget assumptionsIntegrated to financial & HR systems

10、to aid input Time costed at multiple ratesAutomatic interface with inventory / accounts payableMulti currency costsMarginal or full costing basisSoftware supports standard & ad hoc reporting and variance analysisSoftware supports on-line enquiry by project managementReal-time check against projects

11、budget when raising POsDrill down to source features availableIntegrated with billing system or internal charging system Integration with fixed asset system for capital project capitalisationMulti currency billingIntegration with GL for cost recharging / allocationInterim / final invoice to move cos

12、ts from Work in ProgressSystem FeaturesProject Accounting - Best practice featuresEstablish projectAllocate budgetsAllocate costs& timeReview project progress vs costs & budgetBill or charge for projectProject Accounting - Critical Success FactorsProject team led, finance supported. Participative ap

13、proach to financial project management leading to real buy-in;Comprehensive communication and training to maximise benefits of better informationStandard formats and means of data collection / consolidation in place with manageable level of detail;Timetable in place with deadlines for inputting cost

14、s and timesheets agreed;Guidelines clearly defined and communicated;Effective communication and feedback mechanisms in place between central group(s) and project / job managers;Approval levels and responsibilities clearly defined;Effective use of management time during the review process;Integrated

15、systems in place with software to support on line reporting and analysis by operating management;Strong analytical support to decision making, by both finance departments and project teams;Efficient use of IT, to ensure project managers receive timely and accurate information. These are the a summar

16、y of the key business requirements which must be met to achieve Project Accounting objectives:Project Accounting - Issues and TrendsLink with work management / resource schedulingTrendsLink with project management tool for financial and project reportingProjects often will across financial / fiscal

17、years, this can make year end accounting complicatedIssuesThe trend is towards integrated systems / bespoke solutions tailored to meet sector specific needsPropriety project management tools (eg PMW, MS Project) have only high level financial reporting, job and project costing modules have no progre

18、ss reporting or planning functions - no good solution currently available. The trend is to integration and data warehousingIndependent closing or cleardown of project details from fiscal year close in main financial ledgersProject Accounting - Projects ClassificationsProjects can be broadly defined

19、as:Capital projects such as network building;Billing projects which are customer facing projects and result in the customer being invoiced during the life of the project or at the completion of the project.Project Accounting - Level 0 Context DiagramProjectAccountingEmployee DetailsCapex / budgetsPr

20、ojectAccountingFixed AssetsPurchasingHuman ResourceGeneral ledgerCapitalised assetsProject detailsPurchase Orders(commitments)PayablesReceivablesInvoicesWork management schedulingWorks orders and tasksSupplier invoicesCustomersTime informationContract detailsInvoices & project detailsExternal suppli

21、ers (eg sub-contractors)Program reportingMilestone definition/ targetsBudgeting & planningTime recording systemInventoryGoods booked outSurplus itemsProject Accounting - Level 1 OverviewStanding dataRequestBudgeting proceduresAuthorisation procedureTechnical Policy / requirementsProject Accounting P

22、olicyManagement AccountantTechnical supportBudget holderProject owmer PA structureAchieve informationAuthorisation rulesReporting rulesTechnical standardsPA procedures / templatesManagement accountantProject managersFinancial accountantBudget holderReportsProgress reportsFinancial proceduresPA proce

23、duresManagement feedbackTechnical Feed backAuthorised projectCommunication and reporting guidelinesPA proceduresManagement feedbackTechnical Feed backManagement accountantTechnical StaffProject ManagersAP systemPO systemTime recording systemTechnical staff/operationsProject ManagersFinancial accountantMaintain standing dataPA1.1Set up projectPA1.2Monitor projectPA1.3Analyse and revise projectPA1.4Close projectPA1.5Project