考研閱讀理解和答案

1、考研閱讀理解和答案 / 6Text4The Supreme Court s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the court in effect supported the m

2、edical principle of “double effect” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen 4s permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used the principle in recent years justify using high dos

3、es of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain ,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient .Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore center, contends that the principle will shield doctors “ untilnow have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients suffici

4、ent patient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death”.George Annas ,chair of the health law department at Boston University ,maintains that , as long as a doctor prescribes drug for a legitimate medical purpose ,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug

5、to hasten the death” I,t s like surgery ”,he says .”We don t call those deaths homicides because the doctor didn t intent to kill their patients although they risked their death .if you are a physician, you can risk your patient s suicide as long as you dont intend their suicide.” On another level,

6、many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted -suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the cour st ruling on physician assisted suicide, the national Academy of science

7、released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving care at the end of life .It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive sue o“f ineffectual and forced medical procedures the may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profe

8、ssion is taking steps to require young doctor to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care and to develop new standard for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key r

9、ole in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse”. He says medical licensing board

10、s “ must make it clear ： That painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension .From the first three paragraphs, we learn that _B_doctor used to increase drug dosages to control their patien tspain.it is still illegal for doctors to help th

11、e dying end their lives.the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.Which of the following statements is true according to the text _C_Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients death.Modern medicine has assisted

12、terminally ill patients in painless recovery.The Court ruled that high-dosage pain relieving medication can be prescribed.A doctor s medication is no longer justified by his intentions.According to the NAS report, one of the problems in end-of-life careis _ Bprolonged medical procedures.inadequate t

13、reatment of pain.systematic hospital care.insufficient hospital care.Which of the following best defines the word: aggressive.AA: BoldHarmfulCarelessDesperate.George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they _D_A : their patients incompetently.give patients more medicine tha

14、n neededreduce drug dosages for their long the needless suffering of the patients.解析： 第一段：Supreme Court s decisions on physician-assisted suicidecarry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.最高法庭關(guān)于醫(yī)生協(xié)助病人自殺問題的裁決，對于尋求如何用藥物減輕病危者的痛苦和折磨，具有

15、重要的意義。第二段：Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right tophysician-assisted suicide, the court in effort supported the medical principle of “double effect” .盡管裁決認為，憲法沒有賦予醫(yī)生協(xié)助病人自殺的權(quán)利嗎，然而最高法庭實際上卻支持醫(yī)療界的“雙效”原則。第三段： Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses o

16、f morphine to control terminally ill patients p ain even though increasing dosage will eventually kill the patient.今年來， 醫(yī)生們一直使用這項原則，為自己給病危患者注射大劑量的嗎啡陣痛的行為辯護，盡管不斷的增加的劑量最終會殺死病人。第四段：Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contendsthat principle will shield doctors who “ untinl ow have very,

17、 very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death.蒙特菲奧里醫(yī)生療中心主任南希.道布勒認為，這項原則會保護一些醫(yī)生， 這些醫(yī)生直到現(xiàn)在還在堅持認為，如果加大劑量可能加速病人死亡，那就不給病人提供足夠的鎮(zhèn)痛劑。第五段：George Annas, chair of the health law department at BostonUniversity, maintains that, as

18、long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.波士頓大學(xué)健康法律系主任喬治. 安納斯認為，只要醫(yī)生開藥是出于合法的醫(yī)療目的，那么病人即使服用此藥會加速死亡，醫(yī)生的行為也沒有違法。第 六 段 ： on another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debates has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.另一方面，許多醫(yī)學(xué)界人士承認，至使協(xié)助自殺的爭論變得激烈的部分原因是由于病人們的絕望情緒，對這些病人而言，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)延長了他們臨終前肉體的痛苦。第 七 段 ： Just three weeks before the Cour