高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)備考：高考英語(yǔ)常考主題語(yǔ)境---世界與環(huán)境

1、高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)備考：高考英語(yǔ)常考主題語(yǔ)境一世界與環(huán)境素養(yǎng)解讀世界上的不同國(guó)家、不同民族有自己的山川河流和家園，有其獨(dú)特的景色、國(guó)土地貌、 經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境，從而產(chǎn)生了不同的文化歷史和國(guó)情。各國(guó)在改善生活、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)方面做著不懈 的努力，然而在發(fā)展的同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了人口增長(zhǎng)、資源過(guò)度利用、居住環(huán)境污染等問(wèn)題。“世界與環(huán)境”是高中新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主題之一。課標(biāo)及考綱中的“世界與環(huán)境”是指動(dòng)植物保 護(hù)、生態(tài)保護(hù)、環(huán)境污染和保護(hù)等方面?！笆澜缗c環(huán)境”是歷年高考英語(yǔ)的?？贾黝}。就歷年高考英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)而言，“世界與環(huán) 境”主要包括國(guó)家介紹、珍惜水資源、使用再生資源、實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展、創(chuàng)建綠色學(xué)校， 對(duì)公共場(chǎng)所吸煙、隨地吐痰、

2、隨地扔紙屑、課本資料回收、污染或環(huán)境保護(hù)發(fā)表意見(jiàn)等話 題。關(guān)于這一主題的寫作常有以下幾種命題角度：.介紹國(guó)家或城市。.介紹“世界環(huán)境日”“世界水日”或無(wú)車日”。.介紹“地球日”活動(dòng)。.合理利用水資源。.污染整治之前與之后對(duì)比。.公共衛(wèi)生意識(shí)。.請(qǐng)就是否應(yīng)回收課本發(fā)表意見(jiàn)。.日常生活中怎樣進(jìn)行環(huán)境保護(hù)。.動(dòng)物保護(hù)和人類生存孰優(yōu)先。.垃圾分類。語(yǔ)庫(kù)構(gòu)建語(yǔ)境串記Wildlife protectionBy paint buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.Human beings will continue to adapt

3、 to the changing climate by both ordinary and astonishing ways.It is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to water shortages.The best way to solve the problem is to use the knowledge and technology that some countries had already developed.語(yǔ)篇填空選用所給單詞的正確形式填空，使短文意思完整。“Global warming could make hu

4、mans shorter, “ warn scientists who claim 1.evidence that it caused the worlds first horses 2.nearly 50 million years ago.In fact, a team from the universities of Florida and Nebraska says it has found a link between the earth 3.up and the size of mammalshorses, in this case, the last time the world

5、 heated up. The scientists used fossils to follow the evolution of horses from their earliest 4.56 million years ago.As 5.went up, their size went down, and vice versa （反之亦然）.At one point they were as small as a house cat, said Dr Jonathan Bloch, curator （館長(zhǎng)） of the Florida Museum of Natural History

6、, which was quoted by the Daily Mail as saying.The scientists say that the current warming could have the same effect on mammals and could even make humans 6.“Horses started out small, about the size of a small dog. Whafss that after they first appeared, they then became even smaller and then dramat

7、ically increased in size, and that 8.corresponds to the global warming event, followed by 9./“It 10.that mammals were small during that time and that it was warm, but we hadnt understood that temperature specifically was driving the evolution of body size, Dr Bloch said in the Science journal.世界與環(huán)境答

8、案語(yǔ)境串記1. unexpected 2. But 3. are hunted4. affecting 5. biting/bites 6. inspection7. powerful 8. that 9. told 10. until寫作詞匯運(yùn)用1. has been polluted 2. be found 3. release 4. take the risk of/risk 5. polluted6. protecting 7. has played 8. to realizebe recycled 10. to destroy核心句型表達(dá)World Environment Day i

9、s on June 5th and it calls for the public to make an effort to bring the world a clean environment./World Environment Day is on June 5th, which calls for the public to make an effort to bring the world a clean environment.With the development of science and technology, people are becoming richer and

10、 richer./As science and technology develop, people are becoming richer and richer.During the rush hour, taking the subway instead of driving prevents you from being stuck in traffic jams. Also, it is better for the environment./During the rush hour, not only does taking the subway instead of driving

11、 prevent you from being caught in traffic jams, but also it is better for the environment.Anyone who damages the environment should be seriously punished./Whoever/No matter who damages the environment, he should be seriously punished.知識(shí)維度診斷評(píng)價(jià)I.單句填空1. at 2. unimaginable 3. the 4. cleaner5. leaving 6.

12、 to shine 7. increasingly8. adaptation 9. damaging 10. continuing11. designed 12. illnesses 13. took/should take14. difficultly 15. that 16. numbered17. changes 18. to reduce 19. have tried/have been trying 20. asII.單句改錯(cuò)1. live 后力口 in 2.去掉 for 3. very一so4. theyit 5. that一when6. suddenlysudden 7. pai

13、ntpainting8. by一in 9. It一There 10. hadhave語(yǔ)篇填空1. to have found 2. to shrink 3. heating4. appearance 5. temperature (s) 6. smaller7. surprising 8. exactly 9. cooling10. had been knownDinosaurs died out because of a(n) 1. (expect) incident. 2.wildlife today disappears or is in danger just because huma

14、ns do harm to it. For example, tigers3. (hunt) for fur to make carpets so that they can only live in secure reserves; grassland is destroyed without mercy so that dust storms come into being 4. (affect) distant cities.Last year, scientists saw some monkeys rubbing themselves with a certain kind of i

15、nsects to protect themselves from fierce mosquitoes1 5.(bite) . According to the result of the 6. (inspect) , they found that the insect contains a 7. (power) drug, so local farmers were employed to catch the insects. The ending was 8.the insects disappeared from the whole zone. When 9. (tell) that

16、it was a loss to humans, the farmers burst into laughter and responded, Our real loss is our decreasing income.We should appreciate the natural balance and pay more attention to the importance of wildlife protection. Not 10.we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace, can we smile in relief.保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物

17、恐龍因一次意外事件而滅絕，但是今天的野生動(dòng)植物卻是因?yàn)槿祟惖膫ΧЩ蛱?在危險(xiǎn)中。例如，老虎被獵殺以獲取做地毯的皮毛，以致它們只能生活在安全的保護(hù)區(qū)里； 草地被毫不憐憫地破壞，以致沙塵暴開始影響遙遠(yuǎn)的城市。去年，科學(xué)家觀察到猴子在身上擦某種昆蟲來(lái)保護(hù)自己不受兇猛的蚊子叮咬。根據(jù)檢 查的結(jié)果，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種昆蟲含有一種具有強(qiáng)大效力的藥物，于是，當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)民都被雇來(lái) 抓蟲子。結(jié)果是，這種昆蟲從這整個(gè)地區(qū)消失了。當(dāng)被告知說(shuō)這是整個(gè)人類的損失時(shí)，農(nóng) 民們都突然大笑著回應(yīng)道：“我們減少的收入才是我們真正的損失呢！ ”我們應(yīng)該重視自然平衡，更加注意野生動(dòng)植物保護(hù)的重要性。直到我們成功讓野生動(dòng) 植物安詳平靜

18、地生活，我們自己才能如釋重負(fù)地笑開顏。素材積累(-)閱讀詞匯整合地球環(huán)境：ecosystem 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)ecological balance 生態(tài)平衡desert 沙漠forest 森林farmland 農(nóng)田soil 土壤green belt綠化地帶ocean circulation 海洋II流water resource 水資源natural resources 自然資源atmosphere 大氣;大氣層環(huán)境破壞的原因：ashes灰燼;廢墟rubbish/garbage/trash/waste/litter 廢物;廢棄物smog煙霧poison n.毒;毒藥poisonous adj.有毒的;

19、有害的haze霧霾pollute v.污染pollutant n.污染物pollution n. 1 虧染carbon dioxide 二氧化碳plastic bags 塑料袋drinking cans 欲:料罐cut down trees 砍伐樹木pollute the environment/air 1虧染環(huán)境/空氣lead/water/noise/air/white pollution 鉛/水/噪音/空氣/白色污染send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air 把煙霧和有毒氣體排放到空氣中pour waste water into rive

20、rs without being treated 往河里排放未經(jīng)處理的廢水環(huán)境破壞的后果：sandstorm 沙暴acid rain 酸雨abnormal climate 氣候異常global warming 全球變暖sea level rise 海平面上升greenhouse effect 溫室效應(yīng)be harmful to/do harm to.對(duì)有害flood many low-lying cities 水淹彳氐洼城市droughts/floods/sandstorms sweep across.干旱/洪水/沙塵暴橫掃bring about 導(dǎo)致;引起bring.to extinctio

21、n 使滅絕be threatened by 受到的威脅put sth at the risk of使某物面臨的危險(xiǎn)be in danger處于危險(xiǎn)中under threat處于威脅中on the brink of extinction 瀕臨滅絕環(huán)境保護(hù)：burn燃燒;焚燒bury掩埋landfill廢物填埋地discourage 阻止recycle/reuse再利用彳盾環(huán)使用preserve保存;保護(hù)renewable adj.可再生的renew v.更新biodegradable packaging 可降解包裝environmental protection 環(huán)境保護(hù)environmenta

22、lly-friendly 環(huán)保的plant trees 植樹solar energy 太陽(yáng)能garbage classification 垃圾分類sustainable development 可持續(xù)發(fā)展recycle the rubbish 回收垃圾live in harmony with nature 與自然和諧相處keep the balance of nature 保持自然界的平衡protect the ecology 保護(hù)生態(tài)save energy/water 節(jié)約能源/水protect the environment 保護(hù)環(huán)境ride bicycles to work 騎自行車上班

23、develop renewable resources 開發(fā)可再生資源fight against pollution 與污染做斗爭(zhēng)eco-friendly products 環(huán)保型產(chǎn)品deal with rubbish properly 正確處理垃圾recycle textbooks/trash 課本/垃圾回收利用ban smoking in public禁止在公共場(chǎng)合吸煙improve our living conditions 改善我們的居住條件ban the abuse of plastic bags 禁止濫用塑料袋dont litter/spit everywhere 不隨地扔垃圾/吐

24、痰lead/live a low-carbon lifestyle 采用低碳的生活方式advocate doing sth 提倡做某事take action/steps/measures 采取措施prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事raise peoples environmental awareness 增強(qiáng)人們的環(huán)保意識(shí)make full use of/make the best of 充分利用(二)寫作詞匯運(yùn)用根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示或用所給單詞的正確形式完成句子。The environment (pollute) badly so far and

25、the nature punishes the human being by all kinds of disasters, such as the heavy haze in Beijing, which damages peoples health.The cars release the gas which pollutes the air and the rubbish can(find) in every corner of the street.The factories (release) the heavy smoke and make the sky become dark.

26、Though the government has done something to punish the businessmen for releasing the polluted sources, they still dare to (冒險(xiǎn))earning the biggest profit.The (pollute) environment threatens our health.I hope everyone can care about (protect) the environment and stop wasting things.Liu Ying (play) a p

27、art in protecting animals since she was ten.The government should get the people (realize) the importance of protecting the environment.When people go traveling, they should use bicycles or walk and use bags that can (recycle) instead of plastic ones when shopping.The loss of a single species is ver

28、y likely（destroy） a whole food chain and affects others that rely on it.（三）核心句型表達(dá)根據(jù)要求翻譯下列句子。.世界環(huán)境日是在6月5日，呼吁公眾努力為世界帶來(lái)一個(gè)干凈的環(huán)境。譯法一：（并列句）譯法二：（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）.隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，人們變得越來(lái)越富有。譯法一：（含with結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)單句）譯法二：（用as引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句）.在高峰期坐地鐵而不是駕車出行避開了交通堵塞，而且對(duì)環(huán)境有利。譯法一：（簡(jiǎn)單句）譯法二：（含not only. but also的倒裝句）任何破壞環(huán)境的人都應(yīng)該受到嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。譯法一：（含限制性定語(yǔ)從

29、句）譯法二：（含讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）主題測(cè)評(píng)知識(shí)維度診斷評(píng)價(jià)I.單句填空Human development has robbed many unique and beautiful species of their habitats and put themthe risk of extinction.In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio, and it was (imagine) that it could ever be cleaned up.This river is

30、one of most outstanding examples of environmentalcleanup.Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (clean) than ever.In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, (leave) behind a vacant haze that mirrors our fear of the dark.Light pollution is largely

31、 the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light (shine) outward and upward into the sky.While clean energy is (increase) used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades.When it comes to(adapt) , it is important to understand that climate change is a process.Fl

32、oods have become more (damage) in Bangladesh in recent decades.Climate change is a(continue) process, so NarwhaPs ice reserves will not last forever.When the polluting industries argue that weve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it*s a nonsense (design) to

33、make the case for business as usual.Exposure to air pollution increases a persons risk of(illness) such as lung cancer, stroke, heart disease and bronchitis.Its high time we (take) immediate measures to protect our earth from being polluted.You cannot (difficult) see that everybody actually is causing damage to the mother earth, which, however, they may not be realizing.Everybody should raise the awareness ifs our duty to protect o