Guidedwriting-一學(xué)寫說明文

1、書面表達(dá)說明文專題 文體透析: 說明文是闡述事物的特征、本質(zhì)、性能、結(jié)構(gòu)、用途或科學(xué)原理的一種文體。高考英語說明文內(nèi)容集中在反映社會(huì)現(xiàn)象、介紹方位地點(diǎn)和指導(dǎo)如何做事情等方面，要求能夠按照一定的說明順序進(jìn)行介紹和說明，以達(dá)到實(shí)際應(yīng)用和交際的目的?！緦懽魅蝿?wù)】說明文 1. 格式: 寫說明文宜采用三段式：第一段主要介紹要說明的對(duì)象及說明的目的；第二段說明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步驟；第三段進(jìn)行總結(jié)、概括。時(shí)態(tài)通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。同時(shí)需注意以下幾個(gè)方面： .仔細(xì)審題：明確說明對(duì)象，抓住要說明的事物或事理的主要特征?！緦懽魅蝿?wù)】說明文. 選擇合理的說明順序：比如時(shí)間、空間或邏輯順序,分層次進(jìn)行說明，注

2、意條理清晰。. 選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)恼f明方法：比如定義、舉例、比較和細(xì)節(jié)描述法等，來增加文彩。. 語言：既要準(zhǔn)確無誤,又要淺顯易懂。適當(dāng)使用復(fù)雜句式，如定語從句、名詞性從句、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句及非謂語動(dòng)詞等，以增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果?！緦懽魅蝿?wù)】說明文【 常用語句】. The new gymnasium is located in /lies in the east of the city. . Tibet lies at an average of 4,000 meters above sea level. . The small town covers an area of 5 square kilometers

3、. . Xinjiang takes up about on-sixth of our territory. 【 常用語句】. The garden is 30 meters long and 20 meters wide. . This city has a population of more than 1,000,000. . Egypt is an Arabian country with a long history. . The old town dates back to the late seventeenth century. . With the development o

4、f society，heavy traffic has aroused great concern. 【寫作任務(wù)】介紹海南島 海南島是中國的一顆明珠(peal)。根據(jù)以下提示，寫一篇文章介紹海南島。 .地理:位于中國南部,面積35,00多km2,中國第二大島;.氣候:熱帶氣候(typical tropical climate),氣溫23-39,物種繁多并終年常綠,森林覆蓋率達(dá)51%;.旅游:景色優(yōu)美,空氣新鮮,系著名旅游勝地,年游客量二百多萬,著名景點(diǎn)-天涯海角(Ends of the Earth)。 注意:詞數(shù)100左右,可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。 具體操作時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下方面： 一.是布好

5、局、謀好篇。動(dòng)筆前，一定要根據(jù)表格的提示內(nèi)容，先確定表達(dá)文章所需的體裁，然后根據(jù)所給題材確定文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)。 二.是確定寫作要點(diǎn)。根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容確定寫作要點(diǎn)，尤其是自由發(fā)揮或談感想的要點(diǎn)。全文最好以要點(diǎn)或短語形式列一個(gè)寫作提綱，以便不遺漏要點(diǎn)。 【 審題謀篇】1.確定文體：2.主體時(shí)態(tài)： 作為說明文,在行文中要將事物、景點(diǎn)等用形象、生動(dòng)的語言描繪出來,讓所描寫對(duì)象在讀者腦海中形成一幅清晰的畫面。 原則上多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，但相對(duì)于給定時(shí)間，可就具體時(shí)態(tài)做必要調(diào)整?！?審題謀篇】海南島的地理概況,海南島的氣候及海南島的旅游。語言要求簡明易懂、用詞準(zhǔn)確、富有吸引力。4.內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：以第三人稱為主。3. 主

6、體人稱：【 遣詞造句】1.詞匯：. 位于南部：lie in the south of.第二大島：the second largest island.植物種類繁多：various plants on the island.被覆蓋be covered with/by. 一般表達(dá):.高級(jí)表達(dá): 海南島是中國的一顆明珠,位于中國南部,面積35,00多km2,是中國第二大島。 Hainan Island is a pearl; it lies in the south of China; it is the second largest island in China; it has an area o

7、f over 35,00 square kilometers. Hainan Island, a pearl lying in the south of China, is the second largest island in China with an area of over 35,00 square kilometers. 海南島的人們可以享受典型的、宜人的熱帶氣候,那里植被種類繁多并終年常綠。. 一般表達(dá): People on Hainan Island can enjoy typical tropical climate. The climate is quite pleasan

8、t and makes various plants on the island stay green all the year round.高級(jí)表達(dá): People on Hainan Island can enjoy typical tropical climate, which is quite pleasant and makes various plants on the island stay green all the year round.【 連句成篇】 Hainan Island, a pearl lying in the south of China, is the sec

9、ond largest island in China with an area of over 35,00 square kilometers. People on Hainan Island can enjoy typical tropical climate, which is quite pleasant and makes various plants on the island stay green all the year round. 【 連句成篇】 The average temperature ranges between 23 and 39 and 51% of the

10、island is covered by forests. The climate is so nice and the weather is so clear that every year, more than two million tourists come here to enjoy the beautiful scenery, fresh air and famous places of interests, among which Ends of the Earth is the most popular. 一家賓館新開業(yè),為吸引外國賓客, 希望在互連 網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行宣傳, 請(qǐng)你用英語

11、為其寫一篇文字介紹。 主要內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括： 1. 地點(diǎn)： 距白山入口處500米; 2. 房間及價(jià)格： 單人間(共20間)，100元/天；雙人間(共15間)，150元/天,熱水淋浴； 3. 餐飲： 餐廳(中西餐), 咖啡廳(茶,咖啡)。 4. 游泳池：全天免費(fèi)開放。 5. 歡迎預(yù)定。 注意: 1. 詞數(shù)100左右, 開頭已寫好； 2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。 【寫作任務(wù)】說明文說明文類書面表達(dá)Learn to writemeter(s) away from single/double room, hot showers,yuan for one night, book(預(yù)定), Chinese

12、/western food, free of charge（免費(fèi)）, make oneself at home(賓至如歸)，reasonable(價(jià)格合理)抓準(zhǔn)特征、說明到位;b.層次分明、條理清楚、內(nèi)容連貫; c. 解析清楚、語言恰當(dāng)、表達(dá)簡單。 寫作要求:參考詞匯:說明文類書面表達(dá) 抓準(zhǔn)特征、說明到位-欲對(duì)某一事物予以說明，首先要弄清從哪些方面來說明才能準(zhǔn)確地反映被說明的事物。原文用： “Baishan Mountain Hotel is now open for business.”開篇就介紹名為白山的賓館開業(yè)了,比較到位。Learn to writeb.層次分明、條理清楚、內(nèi)容連貫-說

13、明事物要注意條理，按一定順序來說明。說明文類書面表達(dá)Learn to write 從上到下，從前到后，由外到里，由主到次， 或者按時(shí)間順序來寫。常用的順序有時(shí)間、空間、邏輯順序等。文章接下來就用： “Our hotel stands 500 meters away from the entrance to Baishan Mountain. It has20 single rooms and 15 double rooms, all with hot showers. A single room is 100 yuan and a double room 150 yuan for one ni

14、ght.” 介紹其地理位置、房間設(shè)置等相關(guān)信息。說明文類書面表達(dá)Learn to write c. 解析清楚、語言恰當(dāng)、表達(dá)簡單-引用的數(shù)據(jù)要準(zhǔn)確可靠，文字要簡明扼要，一目了然。文章則用： “The hotel serves three meals a day and there are Chinese food and western food for you to choose from. You can also enjoy yourself at the caf drinking tea or coffee in the evening. ” 說明賓館所提供的各種服務(wù)。 Welcome

15、 to Baishan Mountain Hotel Baishan Mountain Hotel is now open for business. Our hotel stands 500 meters away from the entrance to Baishan Mountain. It has20 single rooms and 15 double rooms, all with hot showers. A single room is 100 yuan and a double room 150 yuan for one night.參考范文 You are advised

16、 to book in advance.the hotel serves three meals a day and there are Chinese food and western food for you to choose from. You can also enjoy yourself at the caf drinking tea or coffee in the evening. We also have a swimming pool ,which is open all day and free of charge. All are welcome!1. 所用時(shí)態(tài)：說明文

17、中的主要時(shí)態(tài)通常為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，涉及到其它時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)依據(jù)內(nèi)容、情景做出準(zhǔn)確選擇。知識(shí)拓展Extension 2.寫作范圍-常見的自我介紹,人物、場(chǎng)所介紹知識(shí)簡介，產(chǎn)品、商品、圖片說明，圖表、廣告說明，讀書報(bào)告，實(shí)驗(yàn)、調(diào)查報(bào)告，會(huì)議日程旅游安排，工作程序，工藝流程，工作總結(jié)，科技資料，論文寫作，教材編寫等均屬于說明文之列。說明文類書面表達(dá).表示時(shí)間順序的： at present, recently, after a while, at first, to begin with, all of a sudden, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile，e

18、tc.表示空間順序： near (to), far (from), in front of, behind, beside, beyond, above, below, to the right/left, around, outside , etc.3.常用的連接詞Extension說明文類書面表達(dá).表示解釋說明： in addition, for example, for instance, that is to say, in fact, in this (that) case, in other words , etc.表示比較、對(duì)照： but, yet, however, never

19、theless, on one hand on the other hand, on the contrary, just like, just as, more or less，in the same way ,etc.表示因果關(guān)系： now that, thanks to., due to., therefore, as, so, thus, as a result (of) , because, since, because of, thanks to, owing to, otherwise, etc.Extension說明文類書面表達(dá) 據(jù)調(diào)查，中國城市居民電腦擁有率達(dá)30%。很多農(nóng)村居民對(duì)電腦也越來越感興趣