溝通英語ppt課件

1、Speaking & ListeningPostgraduate EnglishObjectives improve listening and speaking skillsimprove notetaking skillsimprove communicative skillsprepare for the end-of-term test on listening and speaking 溝通英語 高級(jí)適用英語聽說技藝 Communicative English Advanced Practical Listening & Speaking Skills 研討生英語聽說教程 根底級(jí) P

2、rogressive Hear & SayTextbooks Progressive Hear & Say研討生英語聽說教程 根底級(jí) W1Identify speakersW2Identify relationships between speakersW3Identify placesW4NumbersW5implications (shopping)W6Cause & effect (Plans for the weekend)W7Talking about cars (passages)W8About travelW9 Talking about stressW10 Talking ab

3、out peopleW11 Talking about premonitionsW12 Using the telephoneW13 ComputersW14 Radio programmesW15 AdvertisingW16 Television programmesListening Comprehension TestAShort Conversations9 pointsBPassages6 pointsCAnswering Questions5 pointsLesson Plan 溝通英語W1 Conversational Skills W2 Nonverbal Communica

4、tionW3 Cross-Cultural CommunicationW4 Classroom CommunicationW5Listening SkillsW6Telephone SkillsW7Male-female CommunicationW8Team SkillsW9Debating SkillsW10Presentation SkillsW11Presentation Skills W12Interviewing SkillsW13 Speaking Test W14 Speaking Test W15 Review W16 Listening Test GradingListen

5、ing20 %Speaking20 %Others10 %Total:50 %Speaking TestThe Controlled InterviewDescribing pictures/graphsDiscussing topicsReading aloud/ RetellingAnswering questionsRole playMarking Criterionpronunciation & intonationvocabulary & grammardiscourse managementfluency & accuracy Assessment ScalesGradesScal

6、esPoints90 100A486 89A-3.783 85B+3.380 - 82B376 - 79B-2.773 -75C+2.370 -72C266 69C-1.763 -65D+1.360 - 62D160F0Outlining the standard topic outline formI. _ A. _ B. _ C. _II. _ A. _ 1. _ a. _ b. _ (1) _ (2) _ 2. _ B. _ 1. _ 2. _ III. _The decimal system1. _ 1.1 _ 1.2 _2. _ 2.1 _ 2.11 _ 2.12 _ 2.2 _ 2

7、.3 _3. _ Unit OneHow To Be A Good ConversationalistObjectivesuse effective strategies to start, continue, and end conversationsunderstand the importance of small talkidentify mistakes in small talknotetaking skill/understanding the importance of note taking Vocabularysmall talkice breakerelaborateHo

8、w To Be A Good ConversationalistI. How to start a conversationII. How to keep a conversation goingIII. How to end a conversation How to start a conversation A. Opening lines = icebreakers positive (not complaints ) ex:a. complimentsb. news eventsB. Best way to initiate a conversation sincere, respec

9、tful, interested How to keep it goingAsking questions = elaboration technique1. Yes/No2. genuine interest 3. the last thing a person says B. Seven tips1. be aware of your own body and facial language 2. dont gossip 3. cultivate a wide range of topics 4. have a sense of humor 5. dont interrupt 6. be

10、enthusiastic and upbeat 7. be flexible in your point of view Seven tipsHow to end a conversationSignals: 1. break eye contact 2. use transition words 3. recap (sum up) what was said 4. give handshakeHow to start a conversationOpening lines = icebreakerspositive (not negative)ex: compliments & news e

11、ventssincere, respectful, interested How to keep a conversation goingAsking questions use elaboration technique use who, what, when, where, why ques (not just yes-no) 7 Tips7 tipsbe aware of body + facial lang.dont gossiphave wide range of topicshave sense of humordont interruptbe enthusiastic be fl

12、ex.How to end a conversationSignalsbreak eye contactuse trans. wds (well, at any rate)sum up (recap what was said)give handshake (final impression as import as initial) WHO makes small talk?those who do not know each other at all people who are only acquaintances office employees customer service re

13、presentatives, waitresses, hairdressers and receptionists WHAT do people make small talk about?weather current events something that you and the other speaker have in common school /workWHERE do people make small talk?where people are waiting for something (bus stops, boarding area, doctors waiting

14、room, in queues, elevators, lunchrooms, restrooms, social eventsWHEN do people make small talk?the first time you see or meet someone on a given day during a break in a meeting or presentation when there is very little noiseWHY do people make small talk?break an uncomfortable silence fill time be po

15、lite Taboospersonal information (age, salaries, divorce, weight, etc.)bodynegative comments or private issues about another person controversial issues (religion or politics)an issue that the other person does not seem comfortable with or interested inA good conversationalist knowsHow to start a con

16、versationHow to keep a conversation goingHow to end a conversationAt a Bus Stopnot common to discuss personal information relating to worknot acceptable to discuss salaries too personalpolitics is not a “safe subjectThe woman suggested that she wanted to end the conversation. The man did not take th

17、e hint. not an appropriate time to start a new conversation At a Partyrude not to say anything or answer someone keep negative comments out of talknot appropriate to discuss salaries Bodies are not a “safe topic. The man did not take the cue that the woman wants to end the conversation. “Wait is a v

18、ery direct word that should never be used in small talk. Religion is not a “safe subject. Oral Practice (根底級(jí) Likes and DislikesReading booksWatching TVListening to musicPlaying musical instrumentsCollecting stamps/coinsGoing to the cinemaSurfing on the computerPlaying video gamesPlaying sportsUnit T

19、woNon-Verbal Communication (NVC)Objectives define nonverbal communicationidentify the four types of nvcunderstand the importance of nvc in cross-cultural communicationuse nonverbal cues to communicatenotetaking skill/recognizing the sections of a talk Vocabularyexpression gestureintimate kinesicspos

20、turetone dynamic staticNonverbal CommunicationIntroductionPorter 4 Types of NVCVerbal Communication VS. NVCIntroductionA. Nonverbal communication (NVC) = communication through actions B. Actions are more important than wordsPorter 4 Types of NVCPhysical = body language = kinesicsB. AestheticC. Signs

21、D. SymbolicPorter 4 Types of NVCA. Physical = body language = kinesics 1. Static a. Distance b. Orientation c. Posture d. Physical contact2. Dynamic a. Facial expressionsb. Gestures c. Eye contactd. Body movementB. AestheticC. SignsD. SymbolicVerbal Communication VS NVC A. Emotions by nvc are same i

22、n different countries.B. Know little about grammar of nvcC. No dictionaries for nvcD. Cant ask for clarification with nvcE. Hard to hide true feelings with nvc ?No, no. You misunderstood. What gesture do you use to express the ideas below?Me.That person is crazy.Stop!Thats good.Its no good.Come here

23、.I dont know.I cant hear you.Im full.Good luck. Oral Practice (根底級(jí)Renting an apartmentrent deposittwo-week noticelong distance callfurniturecookinggas & electricityfacility damagedistance to the universityenvironmentUnit ThreeCross Cultural CommunicationObjectives define cultureidentify cultural val

24、ues that can affect communication and interaction between Asians and Americansdevelop effective ways to deal with cultural differencesnotetaking skill/contrasts and changesVocabularyprioritylinearcircularegalitarianhierarchical What is culture? What are cultural values? How many points of contrast?

25、What are they?Exercise 11. What is culture?combination of attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs you learn from people around you. 2. What are cultural values?beliefs considered very important within a culture Cultural Differences Between Americans and AsiansConception of the SelfTimeSocial Relationships

26、FriendshipCommunication Styles1. Conception of the SelfIndividual successCollective welfare2. TimeLinear; promptness; less interested in past, more in near-term future Circular; what you do and how you do it; more attention on past and long-term future 3. Social RelationshipsHorizontal; informal, eg

27、alitarian; value equality; most comfortable with social equals; importance of social rankings minimized Vertical; formal, hierarchical; rank or class important; most comfortable in a hierarchy system 4. Friendshipinstant friendship; large collection of friends changes over time; involve only limited

28、 mutual obligationstake time building up relationship; small number of close, lifelong friends deeply obligated to each other 5. Communication StylesDirect; show yourself; willing to confront, criticize; discuss controversial topics; little concern with “face Indirect; modest; avoid direct confronta

29、tion, open criticism & controversial topics; concern with “face Cultural Differences Between Americans and AsiansAmericansAsiansConception of selfTimeSocial relationshipsFriendshipCommunication styles Classroom CommunicationUnit FourObjectivesunderstand the influence of culture on behavior and commu

30、nication between teacher and students in the classroomlearn about classroom rituals in the United States and other countriesidentify problems and cultural values in classroom settingslearn to use phrases for classroom communicationnotetaking skill/content words Vocabulary interactionpattern ritual e

31、steemparticipationinstructorI. The classroom and cultureII. Classroom ritualsIII. Classroom participationIV. Learning a language involves knowing not just vocabulary, idioms, and grammar, but the cultural aspects of the language as well I. The classroom and culture A. A mental picture of a classroom

32、 B. The effect of classroom communication1. Culture a system of knowledge2. Influences participation and esteem in which teachers are held II. Classroom ritualsA. Rituals are systematic procedures used to perform acts or communicate messagesB. Examples of classroom ritualsIII. Classroom participatio

33、nA. North American students1. Talkative in class2. Believe that learning is shaped by talk and participationB. Asian Students1. Less talkative in class2. Believe that they learn by listening to the teacher 1. Almost no classroom interaction 2. Teacher controls the classroom 3. Teacher symbol of lear

34、ning and culture C. Vietnamese studentsD. German students1. Value teachers professional/personal opinion 2. Students do not disagree/contradict teacher in classE. Israeli students can criticize teachers if they think teacher is wrong or incorrect IV. Learning a language involves knowing not just voc

35、abulary, idioms, and grammar, but the cultural aspects of the language as well.Unit FiveBe An Effective ListenerObjectives describe the importance of listening in the workplacedescribe the elements of the HEAR model for effective listeninguse the strategies of the HEAR model to improve listening ski

36、llsnotetaking skill/numbers and statistics Vocabularyeffective listening empatheticOutlineI. Importance of ListeningII. Listening StrategiesIII. Greek Philosophers RemarksI. Importance of ListeningA. On-the-job communication time 1. 55 % on listening 2. 23 % on speaking 3. 13.3 % on reading 4. 8.4 %

37、 on writingB. One listening mistake = loss of $ 15 C. ExamplesLis. error: delivery person neglected to check oil in van Loss: motor burned out2. Lis. error: office worker failed to distribute sales ad to cashier Loss: good will II. Listening Strategies A. be helpful B. be empathetic C. be attentive

38、D. be responsiveIII. A Greek philosopher said that we should listen more and talk less.HelpfulAvoid signs of impatienceTake steps to minimize distractions EmpatheticDetermine his purpose for speakingExpress concern for his general well-beingRecall what was said earlier and ask questionsExpress under

39、standing and paraphrase statements of his current feelingsExpress awareness of nonverbal cues (if any)AttentiveHold off on expressing any judgmentRestate his point before disagreeingShow respect for what he saysAsk for more backgroundEncourage him to express other points of viewResponsive Let him ta

40、lk with minimal interruptionUse nonverbal encouragement (nodding, leaning forward, etc.)Ask questions Questions for DiscussionHow important is listening in workplace communication?What are the four basic elements of the HEAR model?How can we make listening cost-effective?What other factors can you s

41、uggest to improve our listening?My Big ProblemUnit SixTelephone SkillsObjectives explain why telephone skills are important in the workplacedescribe how making first impressions by telephone is similar to and different from making first impressions in face-to-face contactsidentify and use strategies

42、 for effective customer service by phonenotetaking skill/abbreviations and symbols Most Annoying: 82/564Failure to answer the phone by the third or fourth ringFailure of employees to identify themselvesBeing placed “on hold without their permissionVocabulary strategiesaudienceon holdI. Introduction

43、A. tele. com. diff fr face-to-face com.B. impr. made over phone depends on what + how to sayII. Know your audience A. when answering a call 1. iden. yoursl + dept/org 2. ask “will you hold? bef. putting cust. on hold B. when placing a call 1. iden. who to spk to + yoursl + dept/org 2. expl reason fo

44、r call if aud. not known III. Project your personality A. Check volume/loudness B. spk clearly C. spk in pleas tov; smile D. sensit to others situation IV. A good impression over the phone helps grow relationships. Role-Play 1A: You are calling your friend Ken.You want to invite him to a party this

45、Friday. B: You answer the phone. The person on the other end of the line wants to speak to Ken.You dont know anyone named Ken. Role-Play 2A: Call your friend Sue to borrow her bike. A girl named Jean answers. Leave a message to Sue. B: You are Sues roommate, Jean. Sue is out. Answer the phone and he

46、lp take a message for Sue. Role-Play 3A: You want to reserve a table for five at a restaurant called Huixian House.Call the restaurant and make a reservation for 6:30 this Saturday. B: You work at a restaurant called Huixian House.Answer the phone. (The restaurant is completely booked for Friday and

47、 Saturday nights this week.) Useful Telephone ExpressionsWhos calling? Whos this?This is Jim Jones./ Jim Jones speaking.I would like to speak to Can I speak to ?May I speak to ?Sorry, youve the wrong number.There is no one here by that name. She isnt here right now. Can I take a message?She is out a

48、t the moment. Would you like to leave a message? Please have her call me back at 654-9234.Please ask her to return my call at 654-9234.Please tell her I called to Unit SevenMale-Female Conversation Objectives explain how communication patterns and stereotypes are acquiredidentify stereotypes about m

49、ale and female communication see differences between mens and womens communication stylesbecome aware of gender stereotypesnotetaking skill/exemplification and repetition Vocabulary gender femininemasculinehierarchicalstereotypeOutline I. Gender and communicationII. Children can learn communication

50、patterns from playIII. Stereotypes about gender and communicationIV. Researchers study genders effect on communication to understand _I. Gender And Communication A. Gender is learned 1. Boys learn to be masculine 2. Girls learn to be feminine B. Men and women communicate in different ways II. Childr

51、en Can Learn Communication Patterns From PlayA. Boys1. Play outside 2. Play in large hierarchical groups3. Theres a leader - giving orders = higher status4. Play games with set rules5. Winners and losers B. Girls 1. Play in small groups or pairs not large groups2. Play at home 3. Every girl gets a c

52、hance to play 4. No winners or losers 5. Make suggestions not give orders III. Stereotypes about gender and Communication A. Common stereotype women talk too much B. Research shows that men talk more particularly in public settings 1. University faculty meetings (Eakins and Eakins) a. Men spoke more

53、 often b. Men talked longer 2. Women professors speak less at departmental meetings (Simeone) C. Social concept of what is feminine and masculine IV. Researchers study genders effect on communication to understand why misunderstandings between men and women occur Exercise 21. Gender is the social id

54、entity that men and women learn as they grow up in a culture. 2. Deborah Tannen 3. Boysplay outdoorsplay in large groups with a leader hierarchically structured games have clear winners and losers4. Girlsplay indoors everyone gets a turn no winners and losers 5. This stereotype is that women talk mo

55、re than men. 6. In Zulu culture. Exercise 1He wants to assess their relative degrees of success and she does not.He wants to show that he has a better position than the woman.She wants to have an honest discussion about their professional lives. 4. She could have asked for clarification about his vi

56、ew of success. She couldve asked: “So what you really mean is a six-figure salary would make you happy. 5. He could have expressed empathy for her opinion by saying: “I understand how you could be satisfied with what youve got, but for me its important that other people know Im successful. Exercise

57、2Theyre in conflict about whether she needs advice or sympathy. He wants to solve the problem for her.She only wants him to understand her difficulty. 4. When she says that she has too much work to help Jim, he could have asked for clarification by saying: “So what you really mean is that you would

58、prefer if he didnt ask you for help. 5. He could have expressed empathy for her situation by saying: “I understand how difficult that must be.Unit EightTeam SkillsObjectives define the term “teamidentify several types of workplace teams and describe how they differexplain why communication skills ar

59、e important in teamworknotetaking skill/definitionsI. What is a Team?A. composed of interdependent peopleB. focused on achieving a specific goalC. agrees on how its going to achieve the goalD. willing to work together to achieve the goalII. What is Teamwork?Teamwork = synergy The total is greater th

60、an the sum of its parts. People can accomplish more as a team than they could have accomplished working independently.III. Types of Teams in the WorkplaceA. committeesB. task forcesC. project groupsD. quality circlesE. self-directed work teamsIV. Skills Essential to Effective TeamworkA. listeningB.