Indicators-for-poverty-reduction-脫貧指標選擇及課件

1、Nutrition as indicator for poverty reduction將營養(yǎng)納入脫貧指標Chen Chunming 陳春明Nutrition Surveillance TeamChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nutrition is essential to the first goal of MDG-eradicate poverty and hunger 營養(yǎng)對實現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標第一目標消除貧困與饑饑餓的意義 Income poverty and non-income poverty 收入貧困與非收入貧困C

2、hange of nutritional status of poor rural during 1990-2000 1990至2002年中國貧困地區(qū)營養(yǎng)狀況的變化Nutrition assessment on poverty alleviation 脫貧的營養(yǎng)評價Nutrition is essential to poverty reduction營養(yǎng)對消除貧困的意義 Malnutrition slows economic growth: 1.Direct losses in productivity due to poor physical status, 2.Indirect losse

3、s due to poor cognitive function 3.Losses due to increased health care cost營養(yǎng)不良造成經(jīng)濟增長減慢來自: 1 體格發(fā)育不足造成勞動生產(chǎn)率降低的直接損失 2 認知功能差造成的間接損失 3 醫(yī)療開支增加的損失 Evidences 證據(jù)1% height deficit due to early childhood stunting causes 1.4% productivity reduction in adult life 由于兒童早期生長遲緩造成得成年身高矮1，可降低勞動生產(chǎn)率1.4Eradication of an

4、emia in adults can increase productivity 5-17% 消除成人貧血可增加勞動生產(chǎn)率5-7%Low birth weight children loss IQ 5 points 低出生體重兒童損失智商5分Stunted children loss IQ 5-11 points 生長遲緩兒童可損失智商5-11分Iron deficiency anemia children loss IQ 8 points 缺鐵性貧血兒童可損失智商8分Iodine deficiency disorder children loss 10-15 points 碘缺乏兒童可損失智

5、商10-15分Fetal under-nutrition and malnutrition under age of 2 cause increased chronic disease risk, such as hypertension, diabetes and CHD risk in adult life 胚胎至2歲期間的營養(yǎng)不良可導致成年高血壓、糖尿病和冠心病的危險增加Impact of 10 points IQ loss丟失10分智商的影響高能力High capacity populationImpact of 10 points IQ loss丟失10分智商的影響低能力Low ca

6、pacitypopulation Target for poverty reduction扶貧目標MDG target for poverty reduction includes income poverty and non-income poverty 千年發(fā)展目標的減貧目標包括收入貧困和非收入貧困 Even target of income poverty reduction may be achieved, the non-income poverty target could be far lag behind 即使降低收入貧困目標達到，非收入貧困目 標的降低還可能遠遠滯后Non-i

7、ncome poverty includes nutrition, human development and human capital formulation, under nutrition is strongly linked to income poverty 非收入貧困包括營養(yǎng)、人才發(fā)展和人力資本，營養(yǎng)不良對收入貧困有很大影響Income poverty收入貧困Low food Frequent Hard Frequent Large Intake infection physical pregnancies families labor 食物不足 頻繁感染 重體力勞動 頻繁妊娠

8、大家庭 Malnutrition 營養(yǎng)不良Direct loss in Indirect loss in Loss in resourcesProductivity from productivity from from increasedpoor physical poor cognitive health care costs status development & of ill health體格發(fā)育不足帶來 schooling 疾病造成醫(yī)療開支增加勞動生產(chǎn)率降低 智力發(fā)育及入學問題 帶來間接勞動生產(chǎn)率 下降Change of nutrition status of rural Chin

9、a (1) Food security achieved, dietary pattern of rural residents shifted positively 食物保障已解決，膳食結果趨于合理 Achieved food security食物保障: Energy intake 能量攝入 2300 Kcal /day Shift of dietary pattern膳食模式轉(zhuǎn)變: ( Energy share of CHO and fat ) Rural - getting better 谷類供能比Cereals to 61.5% 脂肪供能比Fat to 27.5% 動物性食物供能比An

10、imal food 4.5%pt. % of Energyshare Year Urban Rural Fat 199228.4 18.6200235.027.5Cereals199257.471.7200248.561.5Animal food 199215.26.2200217.610.7Changes in Dietary Intake: 2002 vs.1992 (2) The situation of poor rural household貧困農(nóng)戶的膳食情況Year% of poor households貧困戶Energy intake Kcal/day能量攝入% RDA達到推薦量

11、Energy share from cereals %谷類供能比19954.12003837619982.51864787920002.720348585The existing poor population is even harder in terms of dietary quality. 目前仍處于貧困的農(nóng)戶膳食質(zhì)量更差(3) Comparison of poor rural (PR) w general rural (G)貧困農(nóng)村與一般農(nóng)村比較5歲以下兒童營養(yǎng)不良患病率% (2000) Underweight Stunting 低體重率 生長遲緩率地區(qū) B男 G女 Total B男

12、 G女 Total 農(nóng)村R 13.2 14.7 13.8 20.0 20.7 20.3 ( 9.2 9.3 9.3) (17.7 16.8 17.3) 一般G 9.1 11.4 10.1 14.3 15.3 14.8 較貧困P 20.8 20.8 20.8 30.5 30.7 30.6 (13.8 15.0 14.4) (29.4 29.3 29.3) 全國N 10.7 11.8 11.4 15.7 16.2 16.0 ( 7.8 7.8 7.8) (14.8 13.8 14.3)* 紅 色-2002(4) Changes of Prevalence of Malnutrition durin

13、g 1990-2002 1990-2002兒童營養(yǎng)不良率的變化 Underweight% Stunting% 低體重率 生長遲緩率 Urban Rural National Urban Rural National 城市 農(nóng)村 全國 城市 農(nóng)村 全國 * 1990 8.0 22.6 20.0 9.4 41.4 35.0 * 1995 4.6 17.8 14.4 8.9 39.1 31.6 1998 2.7 12.6 9.6 4.1 22.6 16.7 2000 3.4 13.8 11.4 2.9 20.3 16.0 2002 3.1 9.3 7.8 4.9 17.3 14.3(5) Compa

14、rison of western with Eastern Malnutrition of children under 5東西部比較 5歲以下兒童營養(yǎng)不良患病率 West 西部 East 東部1998Underweight低體重% 19.0 9.1 P0.001Stunting生長遲緩% 31.3 17.2 P0.001 2000 Underweight 低體重% 21.6 9.6 P0.001 *13.8Stunting 生長遲緩 % 30.8 14.5 P2100/person/day 能量攝入2100 2.Cereal energy share 75% of total energy

15、intake 谷類食品供能比75% 3.Prevalence of stunting of children aged 3 3歲兒童生長遲緩率 Background information for the recommendation建議依據(jù) 1Population with energy intake 1500 kcal/day or protein intake 50g/day: 人均能量攝入低于1500千卡或蛋白質(zhì)攝入低于50克的人群: Risk of chronic hepatitis is higher than that of population with intakes ove

16、r this level, RR=1.46 and 1.45 repectively. Attributalbel Risk is 32.4% and 31.0% 其慢性肝炎的患病率高于攝入水平在此值之上的人群， 其相對危險度分別為1.48和1.45 歸因危險度分別為32.4%和 31.0% Energy/protein intake & cereals energy share of rural households不同收入農(nóng)村住戶熱能、蛋白質(zhì)和谷類熱能比Income of households最低5%Lowest10%(6%-9%)15%(10 -14 %)20%(15-20%)1998年

17、 能量攝入 kcal Energy18551988(2118)2074(2245)2119(2256) 蛋白質(zhì) g Protein56.859.0 (61.1)60.8 (64.4)62.2 (66.4) 谷類熱能比%Cereal energy %77.074.3(71.7)73.2(70.9)72.7(71.7)Income of households最低5%Lowest10%(6%-9%)15%(10 -14 %)20%(15-20%)2000年 能量攝入kcal Energy intake17501788(1825)1880(2065)1896(1943) 蛋白質(zhì)攝入,g Protein44.947.1 (49.3)50.6 (57.5)51.9 (55.9) 谷類熱能比%Cereal energy share%8582.1(79.4)80.5 (