現(xiàn)代生物技術(shù)與中醫(yī)藥03

1、現(xiàn)代生物技術(shù)與中醫(yī)藥03第一、二節(jié)課中西醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展史。中西醫(yī)的內(nèi)容都是基于實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的總結(jié)，是客觀的。近現(xiàn)代多種因素導(dǎo)致了中西認(rèn)知技術(shù)和理念發(fā)展的差異，使得中醫(yī)與西醫(yī)的差異愈來(lái)愈大。當(dāng)代中西醫(yī)在世界范圍內(nèi)交叉共存中國(guó)：“中西醫(yī)結(jié)合”。西方：針灸在主要西方國(guó)家被接受和推廣。傳統(tǒng)針灸、電針、光針、針灸師之外的中醫(yī)人員不能以醫(yī)生的身份執(zhí)業(yè)中藥材、方劑能作為輔食售賣。Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act（1994）。NIH 在1992年就建立了Office of Alternative Medicine.西方在制度上給中醫(yī)藥留了后門！The Termin

2、al (2004)許充不許賴!癌癥是威脅人類健康最大的殺手之一治療癌癥的主要手段：手術(shù)。放療、化療。靶向療法?！鞍邢颉悲煼ǖ倪x擇很有限。非靶向療法副作用較大。癌癥的治療常伴隨著副作用：疲倦、痛：頭、肌肉、胃部、指趾端?？凇⒑韲蹈蓾?。腹瀉。眩暈、嘔吐。便秘。血液?jiǎn)栴}。神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)問(wèn)題。思維、記憶。性功能、生育功能。胃口降低。脫發(fā)。藥物常常不得不減量或者間歇給藥。中醫(yī)藥在西方的傳播：潤(rùn)物細(xì)無(wú)聲美國(guó)截止2003年的統(tǒng)計(jì)：40%-70%的癌癥病人在接受西醫(yī)治療的同時(shí)使用了中醫(yī)藥。典型的病人均受過(guò)良好教育，約30-50歲，居住在西部和東北部。73%的病人使用中醫(yī)藥后對(duì)治療的結(jié)果更為樂(lè)觀。48.9%的病人相信

3、中醫(yī)藥比西醫(yī)藥的危害小。43.8%的病人希望更多的參與治療計(jì)劃的制定。病人對(duì)使用中醫(yī)藥的期待：提高生活質(zhì)量（76.7%）。刺激免疫系統(tǒng)（71.1%）。延長(zhǎng)存活期（）。減小癥狀（47%）。根治疾?。?3%）。中醫(yī)藥在西方的傳播：潤(rùn)物細(xì)無(wú)聲2001年，美國(guó)的癌癥病人在中醫(yī)藥方面共花費(fèi)約211億美元?？础爸嗅t(yī)”的頻率超過(guò)了看家庭醫(yī)生。中草藥的使用非常頻繁。由于法律不要求對(duì)中醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)品的鑒定和藥理研究，因此他們的效果缺乏科研和臨床數(shù)據(jù)支持。復(fù)方的使用使中醫(yī)藥難于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。缺乏客觀統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)影響中醫(yī)藥的推廣粉防己（Stephania tetrandra ）廣防己（Aristolochia fangchi）1

4、993年，比利時(shí)有100多人使用了同一診所提供的中醫(yī)減肥藥物后出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重腎病和癌癥。追根溯源，發(fā)現(xiàn)是配藥的時(shí)候把廣防己（含馬兜鈴酸）錯(cuò)當(dāng)成了粉防己。中醫(yī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化亟待解決！現(xiàn)代生物技術(shù)研究中藥檢測(cè)技術(shù)。體外試驗(yàn)：分子生物學(xué)、細(xì)胞生物學(xué)、生物化學(xué)。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)：模式生物、疾病模型。臨床試驗(yàn)：I、II、III 期。推廣上市、后期跟進(jìn)?，F(xiàn)代西藥開發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生、臨床數(shù)據(jù)找尋目標(biāo)疾病。找尋藥物靶點(diǎn)。開發(fā)候選藥物。篩選、修飾。臨床前驗(yàn)證。臨床上驗(yàn)證。上市。找尋目標(biāo)基因：臨床大數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)找目標(biāo)目標(biāo)基因：組學(xué)分析候選目標(biāo)：細(xì)胞增殖分析候選目標(biāo)：細(xì)胞增殖凋亡周期分析候選目標(biāo)：細(xì)胞遷移分析候選目標(biāo)：克隆形成分析建立動(dòng)物模型荷

5、瘤小鼠荷瘤小鼠數(shù)據(jù)采集現(xiàn)代西藥開發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生、臨床數(shù)據(jù)找尋目標(biāo)疾病。找尋藥物靶點(diǎn)。開發(fā)候選藥物。篩選、修飾。臨床前驗(yàn)證。臨床上驗(yàn)證。上市。現(xiàn)代西藥開發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生、臨床數(shù)據(jù)找尋目標(biāo)疾病。找尋藥物靶點(diǎn)。開發(fā)候選藥物。篩選、修飾。臨床前驗(yàn)證。臨床上驗(yàn)證。上市。挖掘現(xiàn)成中藥驗(yàn)方！鄭永齊“新”中藥復(fù)方：PHY906源自黃芩湯。始于約1800年前。用于消化道病恙的治療：腹瀉、惡心、嘔吐、復(fù)方：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化：精簡(jiǎn)配方。建立質(zhì)控流程。PHY906PHY906 is spray-dried aqua extract of four medicinal herbs, Huangqin(dried roots of Scut

6、ellaria baicalensis Georgi)Baishao (driedroots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall), Gancao (dried and honey-fried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, G. inflata Bat, or G. glabra L.)Dazao (dried fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill).provided by PhytoCeutica Inc (New Haven, CT, USA), raw material pr

7、ovided by Sunten Inc. (Taiwan)PMID:18648130胰腺癌、卡培他賓肝癌、索拉非尼晚期直腸癌極晚期肝癌、卡培他賓局部晚期直腸癌 、卡培他賓轉(zhuǎn)移直腸癌 、伊立替康LS/MS 質(zhì)控根據(jù)已知組份引入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品作參照。Paeoniflorin, baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, scutellarin, and glycyrrhizic acid were from the China Institute for Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China).

8、Chrysin，gallic acid，HPLC-grade acetonitrile (MeCN) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO,USA). LC/MS-grade water containing 0.05% formic acid (v/v) was from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA).LS/MS 質(zhì)控制樣HPLCMS()-ESI total ion current of PHY906 and the four individual herbs. S1/4Scutellaria baicalensi

9、s, P1/4Paeonia lactiflora, G1/4Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Z1/4Ziziphus jujuba.組份鑒定Compounds identified in PHY906 by LC/MS代謝組份鑒定PhytomicsQCFigure 6 Schematic for gene expression bioresponse fingerprintPMID:18648130減組份分析關(guān)于引導(dǎo)寫作（guided journal）關(guān)鍵詞。關(guān)鍵人。關(guān)于引導(dǎo)寫作（guided journal）關(guān)鍵詞。關(guān)鍵人。Results: Eighteen batch sa

10、mples of Huangqin Tang (HQT) and its pharmaceutical grade version (PHY906) wereanalyzed using the PhytomicsQC platform analysis. Comparative analysis of the batch samples with a clinicallytested standardized batch obtained values of PSI similarity between 0.67 and 0.99.Conclusion: With rigorous qual

11、ity control using analytically sensitive and comprehensive chemical and biologicalfingerprinting, botanical formulations manufactured under standardized manufacturing protocols can producehighly consistent batches of products.Bioactive constituents in the Chinese medicine formulation PHY906 were ana

12、lyzed by a newly established LC/MS method. A total of 64 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized based on their mass spectra determined in both negative and positive ion modes. Further structural information was obtained from in-source fragmentation. The compounds identified included

13、flavonoids, triterpene saponins, and monoterpene glycosides. All of them were also detected in the corresponding individual herbs. Some of these compounds had been reported from the herbs, while the others are reported for the first time. Thus, the majority of the chemical compounds in PHY906 were specifically clarified from the qualitative perspective. The LC/MS method established in this study could also be used for qualit