直接引語和間接引語（鳳山書屋）

1、Direct speech and Indirect speech直接引語與間接引語1沐風(fēng)書苑iHe says,“I leave my book in your room”He said that he left his book in your room.直接引語： 直接引述別人的原話間接引語： 用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話直接引語一般前面要加引號，間接引語不用加引號在學(xué)習(xí)直接引語和間接引語過程中，應(yīng)注意三個問題1） 選用正確引導(dǎo)詞2） 語序（陳述句語序）3） 人稱、時態(tài)、指示詞等的變化間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句2沐風(fēng)書苑i直接引語和間接引語可分為四大類：1）陳述句2）祈使句3)一般疑問句變

2、成say/answer that引導(dǎo)的從句變成ask/tell sb to do sth4) 特殊疑問句變成if/whether+稱述句變成由疑問詞+稱述句3沐風(fēng)書苑i直接引語 (變化前)間接引語(變化后)陳述句Jane said, “Im very fond of traveling.”that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.4沐風(fēng)書苑i直接引語 (變化前)間接引語(變化后)一般疑問句John asked, “Is this your umbrella, Mary?”.whether/if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句John as

3、ked Mary if that was her umbrella.5沐風(fēng)書苑i直接引語 (變化前)間接引語(變化后)特殊疑問句John asked, “Mary, when will you return me the book?”.wh-詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句John asked Mary when she would return him the book.6沐風(fēng)書苑i一：陳述句陳述句的直接引語變間接引語時，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that 在口語中?？墒÷裕?。從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要做相應(yīng)的變化。He said ,“I left my book in your roo

4、m”He said that he had left his book in your room.變成say/answer that引導(dǎo)的從句7沐風(fēng)書苑i）人稱的變化口訣說明直接引語間接引語一隨主二隨賓第三人稱不用變引號內(nèi)的第一人稱變間引后與主句主語的人稱保持一致引號內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保持一致引號內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后去人稱不變She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennisHe said to Lily,“ you must get up early”He told Lily that she must get

5、 up earlyShe said to me ,“ They want tohelp him”She told me that they wanted help him一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不用變8沐風(fēng)書苑i1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading adventure stories.2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend. Sarah told her friends that she didnt li

6、ke computers.Exercise I9沐風(fēng)書苑i2) 時態(tài)的變化He says, I will do it tomorrow”He says that he will do it tomorrow. 如果主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時，直接引語變成間接引語時，從句的時態(tài)無需變化如果主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，直接引語變成間接引語時，從句的時態(tài)要做出相應(yīng)的改變，變成相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)10沐風(fēng)書苑iMichael Phelps11沐風(fēng)書苑i“I have a long body and long arms, a gift and love for swimming.”Phelps said that

7、 he had a long body and long arms, and a gift and love for swimming.12沐風(fēng)書苑i直接引語時態(tài)間接引語時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時不變一般將來時過去將來時13沐風(fēng)書苑i“I started swimming at an young age in order to treat my ADHD disease.” Phelps said that he had started swimming at an young age in order to treat hi

8、s ADHD disease.14沐風(fēng)書苑i“I receive a 5-hour training everyday.”Phelps said that he received a 5-hour training every day.15沐風(fēng)書苑i“I always desire to be the winner, to win gold medals and to break world records.”Phelps said that he always desired to be the winner, to win gold medals and to break world re

9、cords.16沐風(fēng)書苑i“One of my favorite things is to compete with the best swimmers in the world.”Phelps said that one of his favorite things was to compete with the best swimmers in the world.17沐風(fēng)書苑i“I have many goals, and all of them are high.” Phelps said that he had many goals, and all of them were hig

10、h.18沐風(fēng)書苑i直接引語變間接引語時，句中的情態(tài)動詞也應(yīng)做相應(yīng)的改變直接引語間接引語 can may shall/will neednt must ought tocouldmightshould/woulddidnt have tomustought to19沐風(fēng)書苑i“I will always try my best to be Phelps No.1.”Phelps said that he would always try his best to be Phelps No.1.20沐風(fēng)書苑i3) 指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語及方向性動詞的變化. 指示代詞thisthese that

11、those 地點狀語 here there 方向性動詞 comebring go take21沐風(fēng)書苑inowthenTodayThat dayTonightThat nightAgoBefore/earlierYesterdayThe day beforeLast nightThe night beforeTomorrowThe next/following dayNext weekThe next/following weekThe day after tomorrowIn two days timeThe day before yesterdayTwo days before/earli

12、er 時間狀語:22沐風(fēng)書苑iShe said to me,”I lived there five years ago.” She told me she had lived there five years before. She said to me,”I will see her next week.” She told me she would see her the next week.23沐風(fēng)書苑i由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語,下列情況時態(tài)不變:1. 不變的真理 The teacher said to the students, “The earth goes around the s

13、un.” The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun.24沐風(fēng)書苑i2. 經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.25沐風(fēng)書苑i3. 歷史事件： The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 194

14、5.26沐風(fēng)書苑iBye-bye27沐風(fēng)書苑i完成下列句子，將直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(每空一詞)。1.“It is really cold, but it is so nice to be out on the lake,” she said to me. She _ me that it _ really cold, but it _ so nice to be out on the lake.toldwaswas28沐風(fēng)書苑i2. “Did you ask your boss for a pay increase?” she asked the man. She asked the man

15、 _ he _ _ _ boss for a pay increase. if had askedhis29沐風(fēng)書苑i3. The teacher asked the girl, “Why are you crying here?” The teacher asked the girl _ _ _ crying _.4. “When will the plane take off?” I wondered. I wondered _ _ _ _ _ _. why she wastherewhen the plane would takeoff 30沐風(fēng)書苑i5. “Have you seen

16、our plane yourself?” he asked the boy. He asked the boy _ _ _ _ _ plane _. whether he hadseen their himself31沐風(fēng)書苑i把下列句子變?yōu)橹苯右Z或間接引語。 “I dont want to go there with Alice,” said Tom.2. “Is your father kind to you?” she often asks me.She often asks me whether / if my father is kind to me. Tom said that

17、he didnt want to go there with Alice.32沐風(fēng)書苑i3. Mother asked me what I was going to be when I grew up.4. “I have to study hard to make progress,” the girl said to her friend. “What are you going to be when you grow up?” Mother asked me.The girl told her friend that she had to study hard to make progr

18、ess.33沐風(fēng)書苑iHe said,“The earth goes around the sun.” He said that the earth goes around the sunMr. Wang said, “I was born in China in September,1972. ”Mr. Wang said he was born in China in September,1972.34沐風(fēng)書苑i5. “When will you go back to work?” Mr. Smith asked. Mr. Smith asked me when I would go ba

19、ck to work. 35沐風(fēng)書苑i“ Will you go abroad or stay in Beijing?”he asked me.He asked me whether/if I would go abroad or stay in Beijing.He asked her, “You have passed the eaxm, havent you?” He asked her whether/if she had passed the exam.36沐風(fēng)書苑iHe asked , “Can I borrow your bike?”He asked whether/if he

20、could borrow my bike. Tom said to me, “Do you like football?”Tom asked me whether/if I liked football.37沐風(fēng)書苑iMother said to me, “What are you doing in the room?” Mother asked me what I was doing in the room.38沐風(fēng)書苑i1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he loo

21、kstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat dayExercise II39沐風(fēng)書苑i2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow 40沐風(fēng)書苑i3. Mr Black said, “I

22、 have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week41沐風(fēng)書苑i4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe

23、next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day 42沐風(fēng)書苑i5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat43沐風(fēng)書苑i6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane

24、 asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago44沐風(fēng)書苑i7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldth

25、e next time D. he willnext time 45沐風(fēng)書苑i8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your46沐風(fēng)書苑i9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?” Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I havent left here C. hadnt I left there D. hav