2015年中考語法專題復習------過去完成時 (2)

1、過 去 完 成 時-The Past Perfect Tense過去完成時： (The Past Perfect Tense)1 定義：表示在過去某一時間 或動作之前已經發(fā)生或完成了的動作，它表示動作發(fā)生的時間是“過去的過去”，因此這個時態(tài)一定要有一個過去的時間或過去的動作。2 結構：助動詞had（用于各種人稱和數(shù)）+過去分詞過去完成時1.構成：肯定句 (had + 動詞過去分詞)：By the end of last month we had/ wed studied four units.否定句 (hadnt + 動詞過去分詞)：Before 1988, I had not/ hadnt

2、heard of him.一般疑問句: -Had you left when he arrived? -Yes, I had./ No, I hadnt.特殊疑問句：Why had she done a lot of training before she sailed?2.用法：描述在過去某一時間以前完成的動作或事件。如：One of the men couldnt move because he had broken his leg. (過去的過去) （過去） （現(xiàn)在）Man broke leg. Man could not move. Now I am reporting it.注意：1

3、.并不是過去完成的動作就用過去完成時。它是一個相對的時態(tài)，強調在過去某一時間點或動作之前發(fā)生的動作。如只說明過去完成了某動作，應用一般過去時，如說明對現(xiàn)在而言，已經完成的動作，用現(xiàn)在完成時.比較:He has seen the film. (對現(xiàn)在而言)He had seen the film before he came here. (對過去的動作came而言)He saw the film in 1998. (過去某一確定的時間發(fā)生的動作)3. 過去某一時間點可以用by, by the end of, before,等時間短語表示,如：They had made 10,000 TV set

4、s by the end of last month.也可以用主句或從句中的另一個動詞過去時表示。如果主句和從句的動作都發(fā)生在過去，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的用一般過去時。Before he visited Polly, he had called her. (call 在 visit 之前)After she had trained hard, she left on the trip. (train 在 leave 之前)She did a lot of training because she had never sailed. (never sail在do training 之前)

5、 I thanked Mr.Smith who had given me so much help. (give 在 thank 之前)The boy said that he had never done such a bad thing. (never do 在 say 之前) 3 兩種情況：(1)用于賓語從句，賓語從句中主句是過去時，從句必須用過去的某一種時態(tài)，如果從句是現(xiàn)在完成時，這時要變成過去完成時。eg:He says he has never seen such an exciting match. He said he had never seen such an exciti

6、ng match before. (2)過去的過去（定義） a.句子中有過去的時間 before + 過去的時間點 eg:I had finished my homework before 9 oclock yesterday evening. by + 過去的時間點 eg:I had learned 1,000 words by the end of 2004. b.句子中有過去的動作（通常用時間狀語從句來表達，由when,before,by the time 引導）eg:1 When I got to there, the bus had already gone. 2 Before I

7、met her, I had heard a lot about her. 3 By the time we got to the shop , it had already been closed.注意事項：一、主語過去完成時when引導的從句(注：從句謂語動詞為過去式) by短語by the time引導的從句(注：從句謂語動詞為過去式) before引導的從句(注：從句謂語動詞為過去式) 1、1. Tom was frustrated that most of the friends _ when he _ at the party. A. left；had arrived B. lef

8、t；arrivedC. had left；had arrived D. had left；arrived 2、We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year. A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned 1.He told me that he (hear)of the door before I left.2.I really forgot if I (lock)the door before I left.3.By the time we got to the station,thetrain (leave)already.4.By the end of last year,they (