臨床醫(yī)學英語試題

1、考試范圍：臨床醫(yī)學七年制、口腔、護理、預(yù)防課程名稱：臨床醫(yī)學英語Medical English Test ( A )Part I Listening Comprehension ( 10 points )Section ADirections In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. You will hear

2、the question once. After you hear the question, read the following possible answers and choose the best answer.Example You will hear:Man: Come on, Susan! Hurry up! Drink your coffee! The train is leaving in a minute. Well be late!Woman: I cant finish it. Its much too hot for me to drink. Third voice

3、: Where are they?You will read: A. At a bus station.B. At an airport.C. At a railway station.D. At a cafeteria in the railway station.From the conversation we know that the two speakers are drinking coffee and are going to take a train. This is most likely to have taken place at a cafeteria. Therefo

4、re, D “At a cafeteria in the railway station is the best answer.1. A) The doctor took care of him for a week. B) There is something wrong with his back. C) The doctor advised him to rest. D) The class was easy enough for him.2. A) He is a dancer. B) He is a patient. C) He is a physician. D) He is a

5、physiotherapist.3. A) Flu B) Gastritis C) Heart attack D) Appendicitis4. A) In an injection room B) In a labor room C) In an emergency room D) In a dressing room5. A) Say that he consents to the operation. B) Sign his name on an operating permit. C) Do nothing but keep silent. D) Ask many questions

6、about his condition.6. A) He couldnt help the woman. B) He is in trouble nowadays. C) He is addicted to smoking. D) He is tired of smoking.7. A) A blood condition B) A sore throat C) Short of breath D) Lack of sleep8. A) Dont worry. Youll be OK in a day or two. B) Nothing serious. You need rest. C)

7、Go for the admission procedures immediately. D) Let me take your temperature.9. A) Possible complications B) The patients mental condition C) Bronchial pneumonia D) What they should do if something new develops10. A) To give her a phone call. B) To talk about appendicitis. C) To write her a report.

8、D) To tell her the patients condition.Section BDirections In this section, you will hear two short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear one question, you must choose the best answer from the f

9、our choices marked A）,B）,C）, and D）.（A）11. A) It originated in monkeys in central Africa. B) It originated in monkeys in north Africa. C) It originated in monkeys in America. D) It originated in monkeys in Europe.12. A) Sexual contact. B) Contaminated blood transfusion. C) Casual contact. D) Intrave

10、nous drug use. 13. A) Because the infected people are susceptible to many deadly infection. B) Because the disease is spread through different routes. C) Because one individual may spread it to two or three other individuals. D) Because even infants born to infected women are known to contract the d

11、isease.14. A) Because it will spend countless millions of dollars. B) Because the drugs they found may damage the healthy tissues. C) Because the drugs they found are not specifically toxic to the virus. D) Because the scientists are not aware of the importance of it.15. A) The discovery of this dis

12、ease. B) How serious the disease is. C) The routes of spreading. D) How to fight against this disease. (B) 16. A) Stress in life B) Depression C) Some physical diseases D) Skipped meals17. A) Some prescription drugs can produce normal sleep. B) Some over-the-counter drugs can produce normal drugs. C

13、) Some drugs can only make you sedated. D) No drugs can make you sedated. 18. A) Get much exercise as possible, preferably early in the day. B) Read a book that interests you much. C) Lie in the bed rehearsing the mistakes of the day. D) Go to bed earlier the next night.19. A) Skimmed milk. B) Dried

14、 prunes. C) Alcohol. D) Watermelons.20. A) You can eat certain foods and you can do certain things that are sleep-inducing. B) Have a nap when you are sleepy during the day C) Tryptophan can be converted into serotonin which is important to the sleep process. D) Doing things in sequence can help you

15、 achieve a good sleep pattern. Part II Vocabulary ( 20 points )Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. 21. How can the physician determine if the patient

16、 is hypertensive because of some observable renal arterial narrowing as seen on selective renal _ ？ A) angioplasty B) angiography C) angiotension D) adrenergic22. Because of the _ the total muscle mass of the ventricle increased, and the most obvious hypertrophy is seen in the trabeculae of the inne

17、r layers of the ventricular wall.A) ablation B) embolization C) dilatation D) bifurcation23. Complications of renal biopsy, mainly_, occurred in five out of 91 patients.A) hematomas B) hemodialysis C)hemolysis D) hemophilia24. In the cases in which there is no obvious extrahepatic involvement, solit

18、ary hepatic lesions may be excised or partial _ carried out.A) atherectomy B) atrioseptostomy C) hepatectomy D) embolectomy25. _ may involve trouble falling asleep, frequent or prolonged nocturnal awakenings or early morning awakenings with an inability to return to sleep. A) Depression B) Apnea C)

19、Insomnia D) Anemia26. Kaposis _ and high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma are prototypical AIDS-defining malignant diseases.A) astrocytoma B) leiomyoma C) sarcoma D) melanoma27. The majority of patients have a single _ of bleeding which ceases within 24 hours.A) epinephrine B) epigastrium C) epider

20、mis D) episode28. In a patient with _ ulcer, the pain usually occurs from two to three hours after meals.A) anomalous B) retrievable C) virulent D) duodenal29. Lung cancer includes a number of malignancies of which the various types of bronchogenic_ are by far the most common.A) sarcoma B) leiomyoma

21、 C) carcinoma D) fibroma30. _ is a congenital condition characterized by the incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth.A) Contusion B) Edema C) Atelectasis D) Toxaemia 31. Some diseases and drugs may reduce the desire for food，that is _.A) anorexia B) anemia C) atelectasis D) aneurysm32. An inadequ

22、ate flow of blood to a part of the body is called _, which is caused by constriction or blockage of the blood vessels supplying it.A) angina B) angiotension C) ischemia D) infarction33. Excessive production of _, a substance released into the blood by the kidney, results in the syndrome of renal hyp

23、ertension.A) renin B) polypeptide C) histamine D) angiotension34. _ is a toxic condition resulting from kidney disease in which there is retention in the bloodstream of waste products normally excreted in the urine.A) Bacteremia B) Toxemia C) Uremia D) Septicemia35. A cough may be dry, or it may pro

24、duce a lot of _.A) sputum B) saliva C) serum D) semen36. The _ test will measure the amount of air in your lungs and the amount you can breathe out in one second. This will help to determine how your lungs are functioning.A) spirometry B) endoscopy C) hemodialysis D) manometry 37. A _ refers to a co

25、llection of gas in the pleural space resulting in collapse of the lung on the affected side.A) pneumomediastinum B) pneumoperitoneum C) pneumonia D) pneumothorax38. The secretion of _, a hormone secreted by glands in the mucous membrane of the stomach, is stimulated by the presence of food.A) pepsin

26、ogen B) gastrin C) lipase D) thyrotropin 39. Anterior tibialis _ readings were recorded during the first night to detect periodic limb movements.A) electrocardiographic B) electroencephalographic C) electromyographic D) electro-oculographic40. If all genes in the human _ are sequenced, gene therapy

27、will be greatly enhanced.A) germs B) germinoma C) genome D) germogenPart III Reading Comprehension (50 points)Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A）, B）, C）, and D）. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answ

28、er to each of the questions. .Passage 1 Asthma is manifested by widespread narrowing of the airways that changes in severity, either spontaneously, or as a result of treatment. The reversible airway obstruction is caused by smooth muscle contraction and mucosal edema. Secretion clearance is diminish

29、ed and production may be increased. Bronchial hyperreactivity is not unique to asthma, however. A small number of healthy subjects, and as many as 50% of patients with allergic rhinitis, manifest abnormal airway reactivity to bronchial challenge. The etiology of bronchial hyper-reactivity is unknown

30、. Possible mechanisms include an increased responsiveness of the smooth muscle itself, an abnormality in the autonomic nervous system control of the smooth muscle or an increase in the accessibility of the stimulus to the target cells. An increase in airway wall thickness and smooth muscle mass prob

31、ably contributes to the reactive state. Irritant receptors located in the airways, nose, larynx, and lungs respond to mechanical and chemical irritants, inhalation of dust, and drugs such as histamine. When stimulated, these receptors cause reflex bronchoconstriction through vagal efferent pathways.

32、 Several interrelated physiologic abnormalities occur in patients with significant bronchoconstriction. Airway resistance increases five to six times above normal and specific conductance is therefore decreased. Expiratory time is prolonged and the forced vital capacity is low, averaging approximate

33、ly 50% of predicted normal. The forced expired volume in one second (FEV1) is diminished, averaging 30% 35% of predicted normal while maximum midexpiratory flow rate (MMEFR) and the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) usually are only 15% 20% of normal. Hyperinflation is manifested by an increase in th

34、e residual volume and functional residual capacity (FRC) but diminished vital capacity and elastic recoil. Total lung capacity may be normal or only slightly increased. Pathophysiologic changes include ventilation-perfusion mismatching which results in hypoxemia. Increased airway resistance leads to

35、 progressive alveolar hypoventilation and hypercapnia, while the increased work of breathing results in lactic acidemia. The combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis may be life threatening.41. _ can cause asthma, a widespread narrowing of the airways that changes in severity.A) Aging B) Treatmen

36、t C) Sputum D) Immunoglobulin42. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the above passage?A) In asthma, secretion clearance is decreased.B) In asthma, airway obstruction is reversible.C) Bronchial hyperreactivity is unique to asthma.D) The etiology of bronchial hyperreactivity is

37、 unknown.43. Possible mechanism of bronchial hyperreactivity includes _.A) an increased responsiveness of the smooth muscle itself.B) inhalation of mechanical and chemical irritants.C) autonomic nervous system control of the smooth muscle.D) irritant receptors located in the airways.44. In asthma, t

38、he forced vital capacity averages approximately _ of predicted normal.A) 15% B) 20% C) 50% D) 75%45. Which of the following statements concerning asthma is TRUE according to the above passage?A) Pathophysiologic changes include ventilation-perfusion mismatching which results in hyperxemia.B) Total l

39、ung capacity may be normal or only slightly decreased.C) The increased work of breathing results in hypercapnia.D) The combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis may be fatal.Passage 2Most patients who have a haematemesis are in no doubt that the blood was vomited. However, blood discovered in the

40、mouth may have originated from the postnasal space or lower respiratory tract. This can cause confusion unless time is taken to elicit an accurate history. The haematemesis may consist either of fresh blood mixed with gastric fluid or changed blood in the form of “coffee grounds”. All such patients

41、should be referred to hospital for admission because haematemesis indicates a recent haemorrhage.The patients estimate of how much blood has been vomited is seldom helpful in assessing the true severity of the bleed. In contrast, vomitus saved by the patient or produced in the presence of the practi

42、tioner is a useful guide. Haematemesis may be accompanied by melaena but because most patients who vomit blood rapidly seek medical attention, it is not always initially present. If no stool has been passed, rectal examination may reveal melaena. This can sometimes be helpful when there is doubt abo

43、ut the validity of haematemesis. Malaena without haematemesis often indicates a less severe bleed. However, when melaena is fresh or has been present for 3 days or less, admission to hospital is still required. A patient with a longer history of melaena who is not anaemic and remains otherwise healt

44、hy does not necessarily require admission, providing early investigation can be arranged. Confusion can sometimes arise in patients taking iron or bismuth containing preparations because they both cause darkening of the stool. Neither gives a positive occult blood test.46. According to the above pas

45、sage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A) All blood discovered in the mouth was vomited.B) Most blood discovered in the mouth was vomited.C) All blood discovered in the mouth originated from the postnasal space or lower respiratory tract.D) Most blood discovered in the mouth originated from

46、 the postnasal space or lower respiratory tract.47. According to the above passage, what may the haematemesis consist of?A) Fresh blood mixed with “coffee grounds”.B) Fresh blood in the form of “coffee grounds”.C) Changed blood mixed with “coffee grounds”.D) Changed blood in the form of “coffee grou

47、nds”.48. _ is usually helpful in assessing the true severity of the haemorrhage.A) The patients estimate of how much blood has been vomited.B) The patients estimate of how much food has been vomited.C) The vomitus.D) The melaena.49. According to the above passage, which of the following statements i

48、s NOT TRUE?A) Haematemesis without malaena often indicates a less severe bleed.B) Haematemesis with malaena often indicates a less severe bleed.C) Malaena without haematemesis often indicates a less severe bleed.D) Malaena with anaemia often indicates a less severe bleed.50.Under which of the follow

49、ing conditions the patient should be referred to hospital for admission?A) When melaena is in the form of “coffee grounds”.B) When melaena is fresh.C) When anaemia is present.D) When the stool is dark.Passage 3 HIV-1 has been cultured from lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages obtained from blood,

50、 semen, and vaginal and cervical secretions of infected individuals. The virus also exists in a cell-free form in these fluids. It is not clear whether cell-to-cell contact or the exposure of uninfected cells to free virus is the more common or efficient way that new infections occur. The virus has

51、also been obtained, less consistently, from the cerebrospinal fluid, and rarely in very low concentration from the saliva of patients infected by HIV-1. No clearly documented cases of HIV transmission via body fluids other than blood or genital secretions are known. A second human immunodeficiency v

52、irus (HIV-2) was identified in Western Africa in the mid-1980s. While HIV-2 has been associated with AIDS-like syndromes, the vast majority of HIV-2 seropositive persons are asymptomatic. Whether these seropositive individuals are infected with a less virulent strain, or simply represent more recent

53、 exposure to an equally virulent virus, is not yet known. Although HIV-2 shares many biologic and genetic characteristics with HIV-1, each of the two viruses also has genes that are unique. HIV-2 is more closely related to the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Sporadic HIV-2 infections in the Uni

54、ted States have occurred in persons of West African origin. HTLV-I (human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-I), the first pathogenic human retrovirus, was identified several years prior to the recognition of HIV-1 as the cause of AIDS. HTLV-I is endemic in southern Japan and the Caribbean and in certain pa

55、rts of Africa. It is also present among drug abusers in Europe and the United states and thus has the potential for further spread. Its modes of transmission are similar to those of HIV-1 and 2, but the perinatal routes (breast milk as well as transplacental) appear to account for a far greater prop

56、ortion of the known cases of HTLV-I. Two distinct clinical illnesses, an aggressive adult T-cell leukemia and a relatively indolent spastic paraparesis (originally designated tropical spastic paraparesis), may be associated with HTLV-I infection. However, as compared to HIV-1, individuals infected w

57、ith HTLV-I are much less likely to develop clinical illness. Fewer than 1 per cent of HTLV-I infected persons develop either T-cell malignancies or spastic paraparesis; both of the clinical syndromes most frequently develop through decades of life, 30 to 50 years after the presumed acquisition of th

58、e HTLV-I infection. The extent of subclinical neurological and/or immunological impairment in populations infected with both HTLV-I and HIV-1 appear to become immunocompromised more rapidly than those infected with HIV-1 alone.51. HIV-1 also exists in a cell-free form in the following fluids except

59、_.A) blood B) sweat C) semen D) genital secretions52. According to the above passage, which of the following statement is TRUE.A) The vast majority of HIV-2 seropoistive persons are asymptomatic because they are infected with a less virulent strain.B) The vast majority of HIV-2 seropoistive persons

60、are asymptomatic because they are more recently exposed to an equally virulent virus.C) The vast majority of HIV-2 seropoistive persons are asymptomatic because HIV-2 is more closely related to the simian immunodeficiency virus.D) None of the above.53. Which of the following activities may transmit